The Thirteen Communities (Cimbrian : Dreizehn Komoin, German : Dreizehn Gemeinden, Italian : Tredici Comuni) were a group of municipalities in the Veneto region that once primarily spoke the Cimbrian language, a dialect of Upper German, as their native tongue; the dialect is endangered today. The municipalities are located on a high plateau northeast of Verona.
The thirteen communities formed together into a loose commonwealth around 1280. They were historically under the suzerainty of the Milanese House of Visconti and then under the Republic of Venice. Under both they enjoyed wide cultural and political autonomy in exchange for their loyalty. The autonomous status came to an end with the Napoleonic Wars and the demise of the Serenìssima in 1797.
Due to the high pressure from the Italianization from fascists such as Ettore Tolomei and the government of Benito Mussolini did the Cimbrian language eventually almost completely disappear and become extinct. Only in Ljetzan has Cimbrian partly survived.
Ljetzan has the cultural institute "Tautsche Püachar Haus" and ethnological museum which is a repository of the Cimbrian culture and cooperates with other linguistic enclaves in Luserna and the Seven Communities. Vestiges of the once dominant language can be found in some place names.
The Cimbrian that was spoken in the Thirteen Communities was a slightly different dialect from Cimbrian spoken elsewhere.
| Cimbrian | German | English |
|---|---|---|
Vatar usar | Vater unser | Our Father |
Ladin is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people. It exhibits similarities to Swiss Romansh and Friulian.
Cimbrian refers to any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in northeastern Italy. The speakers of the language are known as Zimbern in German.
The Arbëreshë, also known as Albanians of Italy or Italo-Albanians, are an Albanian ethnolinguistic group in Southern Italy, mostly concentrated in scattered villages in the regions of Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise and Sicily. They are the descendants of mostly Tosks, who fled from Morea between the 14th and the 18th centuries to escape the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans.
Mòcheno is an Upper German variety spoken in three towns of the Bersntol, in Trentino, northeastern Italy.
The Province of Trieste was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Trieste. It had an area of 212 square kilometres (82 sq mi) and it had a total population of 234,668. It had a coastal length of 48.1 kilometres (29.9 mi).
Trentino officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region under the constitution. The province is composed of 177 comuni (municipalities). Its capital is the city of Trento (Trent). The province covers an area of more than 6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi), with a total population of 541,098 in 2019. Trentino is renowned for its mountains, such as the Dolomites, which are part of the Alps.
The languages of Italy are Italian, which serves as the country's national language, as well as numerous local and regional languages, most of which, like Italian, belong to the broader Romance group. The majority of languages often labeled regional are distributed in a continuum across the regions' administrative boundaries, with speakers from one locale within a single region being typically aware of the features distinguishing their own variety from one of the other places nearby.
Lavarone is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Südtirol Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,109 and an area of 26.3 square kilometres (10.2 sq mi).
Luserna is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 284 and an area of 8.2 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).
Badia Calavena is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the state Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Verona. It is part of the Thirteen Communities, a group of villages which historically speak the Cimbrian language.
Bosco Chiesanuova is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Verona. It is part of the Thirteen Communities, a group of villages which historically speak the Cimbrian language.
Erbezzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 809 and an area of 32.4 square kilometres (12.5 sq mi). It is part of the Thirteen Communities, a group of villages which historically speak the Cimbrian language.
Roveré Veronese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Verona. It is part of the Thirteen Communities, a group of villages which historically speak the Cimbrian language.
San Mauro di Saline is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Verona. It is part of the Thirteen Communities, a group of villages which historically speak the Cimbrian language.
Velo Veronese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Verona. It is part of the Thirteen Communities, a group of communities which historically speak the Cimbrian language.
Sappada is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Udine, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Sauris is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. At an elevation of 1,212 m (3,976 ft), it is the highest municipality in the region and one of the German language islands in Northeast Italy. Sauris is part of the Alpine pearls cooperation for sustainable tourism.
The list shows the municipalities (comuni) of the autonomous province of Trento, Italy. Trentino is divided into 176 administrative subdivisions (Comuni/Gemeinden). Some municipalities have a second official language such as German and Ladin. Most German names of municipalities however are historical apart from the previously mentioned communities. The Ladin variety of the Fassa Valley is currently the only officially recognized one, in contrast to the varieties of Non and Sole Valley).
The Sette Comuni,, are seven comuni that formed a Cimbrian enclave in the Veneto region of north-east Italy. The area is also known as the Altopiano dei Sette Comuni or Asiago Plateau, and it was the site of many battles during World War I. The most important comune is that of Asiago, for which Asiago cheese is named. Cimbrian, a dialect of Upper German, was the native tongue, and the area was ethnically and culturally distinct from the surrounding comuni. The Sette Comuni are located in mountainous territory, ranging from 500 to 2300 metres above sea level.
The town Giazza is a frazione of the comune of Selva di Progno, in the Province of Verona.
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