Thomas William Lyster | |
|---|---|
 In The Sketch , 18 December 1895 | |
| Born | 17 December 1855 Kilkenny, Ireland |
| Died | 12 December 1922 (aged 66) Dublin, Ireland |
| Education | Trinity College Dublin |
| Occupation | Librarian |
| Spouse | Jane Robinson Campbell |
Thomas William Lyster (1855-1922) was director of the National Library of Ireland in Dublin between 1895 and his retirement in 1920. [1] [2]
Thomas William Lyster, was born 17 December 1855 to parents Thomas Lyster of Rathdowney & Jane Lyster (nee’ Smith) of Roscrea. [3] Born in Co. Kilkenny, Lyster and his family moved to Dublin in his youth where he remained throughout his entire life. [3]
Initially, Lyster attended the Wesleyan Connexional School, which was founded by a group of Methodists Ministers in 1845 at St Stephens Green. [4] After his initial schooling at Wesleyan, Lyster then attended Trinity College for further education. The admissions register of Trinity indicates Lyster enrolled into University in October 1872 at the age of 16. [5] His enrolment was listed as “pensioner” which at the time was common and indicated he paid a set annual fee for his education and did not have any form of scholarship or fee assistance. [5] The register also indicates at the time of entry to Trinity, that his father had no profession and that his religious background was the Church of Ireland. [5] In the winter of 1877 Lyster graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours and in the winter of 1879, he was awarded a Master of Arts.
While Lyster became primarily known for his role within the National Library of Ireland, he was also a well-respected author. His early work included a translation of Düntzer's “Life Of Goethe” which he translated and expanded in 1883. [6] By 1893 he had edited and published his first original work, an anthology of Poetry titled “English Poems for young students” which ended up becoming an intermediate certificate text. [6] In addition to his original work, Lyster was well documented to be very supportive of other writers. Most notably he encouraged W. B. Yeat's passion for writing and helped him with edits to his original manuscript of “The Island of Statues” that was published by Yeats in 1885. [7]
In 1878, shortly after graduating university, Thomas Lyster officially joined the National Library of Ireland, and would be appointed assistant librarian at only twenty-three years of age. [8] [6] In 1895 Lyster would succeed William Archer as head librarian in until his retirement in 1920. [9] [10]
During his time within the National Library, Lyster would become a strong advocate for the Dewey Classification System increasing accessibility of the libraries inventory to the public. [11] Lyster would permit students to access the classified collection within the library, as well as making periodicals available at the library counter, increasing readership numbers dramatically. [6] Lyster would later endorse reading materials for young children, providing them with designated spaces in the library, with books on topics such as poetry, geography, and science. [12] Furthermore, Lyster’s pragmatic and positive attitude would draw the attention of various readers from the library, many of whom would seek his advice and assistance. Renowned Irish author W.B. Yeats would remark that Thomas Lyster had initially encouraged him to write, and would describe him as the most zealous man he’d known. [7]
Thomas Lyster would go on to play a pivotal role in the establishment of the Cumann na Leabharlann (The Library Association of Ireland) and the Irish Rural Libraries Association. [13] [14] Lyster would later be elected as the organisation's vice-president in 1899, and begin a series of public lectures advocating for the expansion of the public library system. [6] The Library Association would be established in 1904, with the aim to promote the establishment of public libraries. In 1904, Lyster would object that it was not a pertinent time for an organisation such as this to be created, however he did voice his support for the eventual creation of an organisation in the future. [15] Thomas Lyster would continue to serve as director of the National Library of Ireland until his retirement from the organisation in 1920. [16]
In 1903 Thomas Lyster published his work called ‘The idea of a great public library’ in the Library Association Record, which was inspired by John Henry Newman and his work The idea of a university. [6] Near the end of this paper, Lyster argues against censorship and writes that “in a great library all things, good an evil, fall into their places, are seen in the just light, and proportion, and the totality of the record of human thought and feeling is a witness for what is wholesome, true and good”. [11]
Thomas Lyster was also known for the critical papers he published in The Academy and for his papers on library technique and theory. [8] Although he published a lot of his own work, he was also known to regularly contribute to literary journals. [6] His two articles ‘Edward Dowen and his work’ and ‘Carlyle in Dublin’ were both published in the Irish Book Lover in 1914 and 1920. [6]
The same year that Thomas Lyster retired from his position as the director of the National Library of Ireland in 1920, he married Jane Robinson Campbell, on 28 December in Dublin. [16] [17]
Thomas and Jane were married for just under two years when Lyster died on 12 December 1922 at his home, 10 Harcourt Terrace, Dublin. [6] After he died, it was his wife Jane who survived him. [11] In his death notice published by The Irish Times on 16 December, no cause of death is reported but, it does state that he died suddenly. [18]
Following his death Thomas William Lyster was remembered again in Oliver St John Gogarty's novel "As I Was Going Down Sackville Street". He was portrayed consistently in both this story and in James Joyce’s famed "Ulysses" as an enthusiastic and helpful character who was always called upon to help the people in the library. He is still known as "The Quaker Librarian" in Joyce's work, though Lyster was noted as being a member of the Church of Ireland, [19] and is a benign and kind hearted figure in Joyce's tale. This trait is common between the two novels which indicate a passion for learning and spreading knowledge as a core virtue of his character.
A memorial plaque is still in place at the National Library where it describes him as being an enlightened book lover and one who was eager to help the library's visitors. This memorial was hung near the entry to the main reading room and was put in place by the Friends of the National Library, an organization that his close friend William Butler Yeats was a prominent member of. He and Yeats are reported to have been present at many library openings and events together, with Yeats being the one to compose the text of the plaque.
He is also still remembered through a portrait drawn by John Butler Yeats, father of W.B. Yeats, that is hung within the library and preserved in their archives. [20]
His wife, Jane Robinson Lyster, established a bequest in 1946 in his memory within his alma mater Trinity College Dublin. [21] This fund is one of the college's Moderatorship Prizes and is focused on the History discipline within the institution.
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, dramatist and writer, and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival, and along with Lady Gregory founded the Abbey Theatre, serving as its chief during its early years. He was awarded the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature, and later served two terms as a Senator of the Irish Free State.
John Butler Yeats was an Irish artist and the father of W. B. Yeats, Lily Yeats, Elizabeth Corbett "Lolly" Yeats and Jack Butler Yeats. The National Gallery of Ireland holds a number of his portraits in oil and works on paper, including one of his portraits of his son William, painted in 1900. His portrait of John O'Leary (1904) is considered his masterpiece.
Isabella Augusta, Lady Gregory was an Anglo-Irish dramatist, folklorist and theatre manager. With William Butler Yeats and Edward Martyn, she co-founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre, and wrote numerous short works for both companies. Lady Gregory produced a number of books of retellings of stories taken from Irish mythology. Born into a class that identified closely with British rule, she turned against it. Her conversion to cultural nationalism, as evidenced by her writings, was emblematic of many of the political struggles that occurred in Ireland during her lifetime.
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The Irish Literary Revival was a flowering of Irish literary talent in the late 19th and early 20th century. It includes works of poetry, music, art, and literature.
The National Library of Ireland is Ireland's national library located in Dublin, in a building designed by Thomas Newenham Deane. The mission of the National Library of Ireland is "To collect, preserve, promote and make accessible the documentary and intellectual record of the life of Ireland and to contribute to the provision of access to the larger universe of recorded knowledge."
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The College Historical Society (CHS) – popularly referred to as The Hist – is a debating society at Trinity College Dublin. It was established within the college in 1770 and was inspired by the club formed by the philosopher Edmund Burke during his own time in Trinity in 1747. It holds the Guinness World Record as the "world's oldest student society".
Anne Butler Yeats was an Irish painter, costume and stage designer.
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The Library Association of Ireland (LAI) is a professional body representing librarians in the Republic of Ireland. It was founded in 1928.
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