Three wishes

For other uses, see Three wishes (disambiguation).

Three wishes is a literary motif, often encountered in the joke format, in which a character is given three wishes by a supernatural being, and dramatically, horrifically, or comedically fails to make the best use of them. ^{[1] [2] [3]} Common scenarios include releasing a genie from a lamp, catching and agreeing to release a mermaid or magical fish, or crossing paths with the devil. In some uses, the first two wishes go as expected, with the third wish being misinterpreted, or granted in an unexpected fashion that doesn't reflect the intent of the wish. ^[4] In others, the first wish causes things to go awry, and the second wish only makes things worse, with the third wish being used to return things to the way they were before the first two wishes. Alternatively, the wishes are split between three people, with the last person's wish inadvertently or intentionally thwarting or undoing the wishes of the other characters.

The three wishes motif has an Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index tale number of 750A. ^[5]

History

The motif has been described as "common in oral tradition for centuries (particularly in Arabian fantasy), with wishes granted by genies freed from a bottle)". ^[1] An early example of this is found in Charles Perrault's 1697 story "The Ridiculous Wishes":

A poor starving peasant couple are granted three wishes and the woman, just taking the first thing that comes to her mind, wishes for one sausage, which she receives immediately. Her husband, pointing out that she could have wished for immense wealth or food to last them a lifetime, becomes angry with her for making such a stupid wish and, not thinking, wishes the sausage were stuck on her nose. Sure enough, the sausage is stuck in the middle of her face, and then they have to use the third wish to make it go away, upon which it disappears completely.

In some versions of this tale, black pudding is used instead of sausages, and in some versions, it is the woodcutter himself that gets the sausage stuck on his nose. It has also been asserted that the motif was "first written down as 'The Three Wishes' (1757 Le Magasin des Enfants) by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont". ^[1] An example of the three wishes motif as a joke runs as follows:

Three men are stranded on a desert island, when a bottle washes up on the shore. When they uncork the bottle, a genie appears and offers three wishes. The first wishes to be taken to Paris. The genie snaps his fingers, and the man suddenly finds himself standing in front of the Eiffel Tower. The second man wishes that he were in Hollywood, and with a snap of the genie's fingers, he finds himself on a Tinseltown movie set. The third man, now alone on the island, looks around and says, "I wish my friends were back."

Variations

One variation on the theme has the protagonist turning the tables on the genie, who for some contrived reason has placed a condition on the wishes that would result in an opponent of the protagonist also benefiting from the wishes. An example of this joke was used in The Simpsons episode, "Homer Simpson, This Is Your Wife". There, a character tells Marge Simpson a joke in which a genie promises to grant a man whatever he wishes, with the caveat that the man's wife's lover gets double whatever the man gets. After first wishing for a house and a car, the man wishes to be beaten "half to death" – which Marge doesn't understand.

A very early version of the joke is found in an 1875 book of Scottish anecdotes. There, a Scottish highlander is asked what his three wishes would be. He first wishes for a lake full of whisky. His second wish is for a similar quantity of good food. When asked for his third wish, after a moment of indecision, he asks for a second lake full of whisky. ^[6]

A variation attributed to Barry Cryer shows three people being granted three wishes, with two making very good choices, and the other making comically bad choices. ^[7]

In fiction

The format is not always used for humor. In "The Monkey's Paw", a 1902 horror short story by author W. W. Jacobs, the paw of a dead monkey is a talisman that grants its possessor three wishes, but the wishes come with an enormous price. In the story, the recipient of the monkey's paw wishes for £200, only to learn that his son has been killed in a terrible work accident, for which the employer makes a goodwill payment of £200. Later, the mother asks that the dead son be wished back to life. Upon hearing strange sounds and a knock at the door, the father realizes that the thing outside would be a horribly mutilated body, and wishes it away with the paw's final wish.

See also

• Aladdin
• One Thousand and One Nights

References

1. John Clute & John Grant, eds., "THREE WISHES", The Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1999), p. 944-45.
2. "JOKE: Three Guys, Three Wishes". Huffington Post. 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
3. "Funny Jokes | Three Wishes Joke". Comedy Central . Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
4. See Isaac Asimov, Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor: A Lifetime Collection of Favorite Jokes (1991), p. 255.
5. Järv, Risto (2019-06-01). "The Goldfish and Little Red Riding Hood: Characters and their Combinations in Fairy Tale Jokes and Parodies". Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics. 13 (1): 9–28. doi: 10.2478/jef-2019-0002 . ISSN   2228-0987.
6. A. Hislop, ed., The book of Scottish anecdote (1874), p. 96.
7. "Three Wishes". The Red Penguin. 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2022-09-08.