Timeline of Colombia–Nicaragua relations

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This is a timeline of events related to the Colombia-Nicaragua relations.

Contents

This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.

1920s

YearDateEvent
1928March 24Colombia and Nicaragua signed the Esguerra-Bárcenas Treaty in Managua, Nicaragua and set the 82nd meridian west as division for islands and territorial waters. Nicaragua was during this time occupied by the United States. [1]

1930s

YearDateEvent
1930May 5Colombia and Nicaragua exchange in Bogotá, Colombia the ratifications of the treaty.

1940s

YearDateEvent
1948April 30Countries of the Americas signed in Bogotá, Colombia the Pact of Bogotá which refers to peaceful solutions to conflicts among each other. Nicaragua later uses article 31 of this pact to challenge the maritime border with Colombia.

1980s

YearDateEvent
1980February 1The Junta of National Reconstruction declared null and without validity the Esguerra-Bárcenas Treaty and claimed that the San Andrés y Providencia archipelago was Nicaraguan.

1990s

YearDateEvent
1999November 30The Central American country Honduras ratifies a treaty signed with Colombia delimiting borders in the Caribbean Sea. Nicaragua claims that the treaty was taking some 130,000 km2 of Nicaraguan continental platform.

2000s

YearDateEvent
2001December 1Nicaragua presents a claim at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague, Netherlands demanding Colombia and asking the court to rule over maritime borders.
2002July 17the Colombian government protested Nicaragua for calling on international oil companies to explore maritime waters that are under "their maritime territory".
2003January 24Nicaragua formally protested against Colombia for publishing a map that affected the "sovereignty and national integrity" of Nicaragua.
2003April 28Nicaraguan minister of foreign affairs Norman Caldera says that Nicaragua presented at the ICJ their preliminary objections.
2003July 21Colombia presented to the ICJ their preliminary objections.
2003October 29The President of Nicaragua Enrique Bolaños declares in Cartagena, Colombia that his country was going to accept the ICJ's resolution.
2004January 26Nicaragua appeals at the ICJ to the Colombian claims.
2007July 11In the first audience at the ICJ Colombia claimed that ICJ was not competent over the demand.
2007July 12Nicaragua insisted that Colombia was wrong to say the ICJ didn't have jurisdiction over the case
2007July 20President of Colombia Álvaro Uribe paraded with the military in San Andres Island celebrating the Independence of Colombia for the first time celebrated in the archipelago.
2007July 31President of Nicaragua, Daniel Ortega disqualified the presence of Uribe in the island and the large military display.
2007December 11President Ortega asked the Colombian government to accept the ICJ resolution and reiterated a peaceful solution for the conflict. He later exclaimed in the same speech that the "Nicaraguan army should be prepared" and that Colombia's politics in the Caribbean were expansionist. The Colombian government reacted calmly to this saying that Colombia had had sovereignty over the archipelago for over 200 years and said they were going to wait for the ICJ resolution.
2007December 12The Colombian government reaffirmed that their posture was not about force but judicial.
2007December 13the ICJ ruled competent to rule over the maritime claims however the organism said that the Esguerra-Bárcenas Treaty had already established the Colombian sovereignty over the archipelago.
2007December 14President Ortega of Nicaragua stirred controversy after making remarks over the Humanitarian exchange process the Colombian government and the FARC guerrilla are undergoing to exchange hostages for prisoners. Ortega called the FARC "brothers" to free political prisoner Ingrid Betancourt and said that Betancourt death could be used to blame it on the FARC. [2]

2010s

2020s

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The relationship between the Colombia and Nicaragua has evolved amid conflicts over the San Andrés y Providencia Islands located in the Caribbean Sea close to the Nicaraguan shoreline and the maritime boundaries covering 150,000 km2 that included the islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina and the banks of Roncador, Serrana, Serranilla and Quitasueño as well as the 82nd meridian west which Colombia claims as a border but which the International Court has sided with Nicaragua in disavowing. The sea around the archipelago has been under Colombian control since 1931 when a treaty was signed during US occupation of Nicaragua, giving Colombia control over the area. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

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References

  1. "The Minister in Nicaragua (Eberhardt) to the Secretary of State". United States Office of the Historian. 27 March 1928. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  2. (in Spanish) El Tiempo: Presidente de Nicaragua pide a sus "hermanos de las Farc" liberar a Ingrid Betancourt Archived 2007-12-15 at the Wayback Machine . El Tiempo, accessed November 14, 2007.