CFR Title 12 – Banks and Banking is one of 50 titles composing the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and contains the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding banks and banking. It is available in digital and printed form and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
The table of contents, as reflected in the e-CFR updated March 5, 2014, is as follows: [1]
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In the law of the United States, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent regulations promulgated by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government of the United States. The CFR is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to federal regulation.
Structuring, also known as smurfing in banking jargon, is the practice of executing financial transactions such as making bank deposits in a specific pattern, calculated to avoid triggering financial institutions to file reports required by law, such as the United States' Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and Internal Revenue Code section 6050I. Structuring may be done in the context of money laundering, fraud, and other financial crimes. Legal restrictions on structuring are concerned with limiting the size of domestic transactions for individuals.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an independent bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that was established by the National Currency Act of 1863 and serves to charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks and thrift institutions and the federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks in the United States. The acting Comptroller of the Currency is Michael J. Hsu, who took office on May 10, 2021.
Bank reserves are a commercial bank's cash holdings physically held by the bank, and deposits held in the bank's account with the central bank. Under the fractional-reserve banking system used in most countries, central banks may set minimum reserve requirements that mandate commercial banks under their purview to hold cash or deposits at the central bank equivalent to at least a prescribed percentage of their liabilities, such as customer deposits. Such sums are usually termed required reserves, and any funds above the required amount are called excess reserves. These reserves are prescribed to ensure that, in the normal events, there is sufficient liquidity in the banking system to provide funds to bank customers wishing to withdraw cash. Even when there are no reserve requirements, banks often as a matter of prudent management hold reserves in case of unexpected events, such as unusually large net withdrawals by customers or bank runs. Traditionally, central banks do not pay interest on reserve balances, but such schemes have become increasingly common in the 21st century. Funds in banks that are not retained as a reserve are available to be lent, at interest.
The Truth in Lending Act (TILA) of 1968 is a United States federal law designed to promote the informed use of consumer credit, by requiring disclosures about its terms and cost to standardize the manner in which costs associated with borrowing are calculated and disclosed.
Regulation Q is a Federal Reserve regulation which sets out capital requirements for banks in the United States. The version of Regulation Q current as of 2023 was enacted in 2013.
The Expedited Funds Availability Act was enacted in 1987 by the United States Congress for the purpose of standardizing hold periods on deposits made to commercial banks and to regulate institutions' use of deposit holds. It is also referred to as Regulation CC or Reg CC, after the Federal Reserve regulation that implements the act. The law is codified in Title 12, Chapter 41 of the US Code and Title 12, Part 229 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
Bank regulation in the United States is highly fragmented compared with other G10 countries, where most countries have only one bank regulator. In the U.S., banking is regulated at both the federal and state level. Depending on the type of charter a banking organization has and on its organizational structure, it may be subject to numerous federal and state banking regulations. Apart from the bank regulatory agencies the U.S. maintains separate securities, commodities, and insurance regulatory agencies at the federal and state level, unlike Japan and the United Kingdom. Bank examiners are generally employed to supervise banks and to ensure compliance with regulations.
CFR Title 50 - Wildlife and Fisheries is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 50 is the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies of the United States regarding wildlife and fisheries. Maintained by the Office of the Federal Register, it is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 49 - Transportation is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 49 is the principal set of rules and regulations issued by the Departments of Transportation and Homeland Security, federal agencies of the United States regarding transportation and transportation-related security. This title is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 3 – The President is one of 50 titles composing the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and contains the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding the Executive Office of the President of the United States. It is available in digital and printed form and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 34 - Education is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 34 is the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies of the United States regarding education. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 32 – National Defense is one of 50 titles composing the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 32 is the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies of the United States regarding national defense. It is available in digital and printed form and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 29 - Labor is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding labor. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 28 - Judicial Administration is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding judicial administration. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 20 – Employees' Benefits is one of 50 titles composing the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and contains the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding employees' benefits. It is available in digital and printed form and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 19 – Customs Duties is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding customs duties. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 8 – Aliens and Nationality is one of fifty titles composing the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding aliens and nationality. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 5 – Administrative Personnel is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding administrative personnel. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
CFR Title 31 - Money and Finance: Treasury is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 31 is the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies of the United States regarding money, finance, and the treasury. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).