Tobacco use in Nepal

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Tobacco use in Nepal is a common practice. Smoking cigarettes is the commonest mode of tobacco use in Nepal. Tobacco is attributed to cause over 27000 annual deaths in Nepal. [1]

Contents

Background

Both smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco are common practices in Nepal with 28.3% of adults consuming some form of tobacco in Nepal. [2] Out of smokeless tobacco, chewing tobacco is the most common form of tobacco use [3] Beedi use is also common among Nepalese women. [4] The Act against Tobacco was established in 2011, which prohibits the sale of tobacco use to minors and pregnant women. [5]

Prevalence of tobacco use

48.3% of males and 11.6% of female adults consumed some form of tobacco in 2019. [6] Cigarettes are the most common form of tobacco used by both sexes, while adults use less beedi compared to females. [7] Chewing tobacco is more common than the use of Gutka in Nepal . [8]

Smoking in Nepal

In 2019, 28.9% of adults (aged 15–69 years) used either smoked or smokeless tobacco products. [9] In the entire population, 17.1% of Nepalese smoked in 2019, with 22% male and 6% female. The average age for initiation of smoking is 17.8 years, with 17.7 for men and 18.4 for female. [10]

Legislation

Smoking is prohibited in public transportation, educational institutions, hospitals, restaurants, government offices, and other public places as per the Tobacco Act 2011. [11] The sale of cigarettes to minors and pregnant women is a punishable offence in Nepal, along with the act of smoking in the above-mentioned public places. [12] The advertisement of tobacco products is also prohibited. [13] Recently, the decision to ban the sale of tobacco in Kathmandu Metropolitan City was reverted by Patan High Court. [14]

Graphics warning

In 2015, Nepal implemented the world’s largest graphic warning on cigarette packets, which kept around 90% of the area covered with graphics and warning message. [15] [16]

Anti Smoking Campaign

Smokers are not selfish anti smoking campaign was initiated by Dr. Om Foundation from February 1 to 14, culminating on valentine’s day with aim to make meaningful sacrifices for loved ones by quitting habits of smoking and other tobacco products. In this campaign over 1600 individuals pledged to quit smoking. [17]

Companies

There are 12 officially registered tobacco companies in Nepal. Surya Tobacco Company is the largest cigarette manufacturer in Nepal. [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cigarette</span> Small roll of cut tobacco designed to be smoked

A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhaled via the opposite end. Cigarette smoking is the most common method of tobacco consumption. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette, but the word is sometimes used to refer to other substances, such as a cannabis cigarette or a herbal cigarette. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its usually smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is typically white.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snus</span> Moist tobacco product placed under the upper lip

Snus is a tobacco product, originating from a variant of dry snuff in early 18th-century Sweden. It is placed between the upper lip and gum for extended periods, as a form of sublabial administration. Snus is not fermented. Although used similarly to American dipping tobacco, snus does not typically result in the need for spitting, and, unlike naswar, snus is steam-pasteurized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dipping tobacco</span> Finely ground smokeless tobacco product

Dipping tobacco is a type of finely ground or shredded, moistened smokeless tobacco product. It is commonly and idiomatically known as dip. Dipping tobacco is used by placing a pinch, or "dip", of tobacco between the lip and the gum. The act of using it is called dipping. Dipping tobacco is colloquially called chaw, snuff, rub, or fresh leaf among other terms; because of this, it is sometimes confused with other tobacco products—namely dry snuff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smokeless tobacco</span> Tobacco product used by means other than smoking

Smokeless tobacco is a tobacco product that is used by means other than smoking. Their use involves chewing, sniffing, or placing the product between gum and the cheek or lip. Smokeless tobacco products are produced in various forms, such as chewing tobacco, snuff, snus, and dissolvable tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco products typically contain over 3000 constituents. Smokeless tobacco is widely used in South Asia and this accounts for about 80% of global consumption, as per WHO data. All smokeless tobacco products contain nicotine and are therefore highly addictive. Quitting smokeless tobacco use is as challenging as smoking cessation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tobacconist</span> Retailer of tobacco and other products

A tobacconist, also called a tobacco shop, a tobacconist's shop or a smoke shop, is a retail business that sells tobacco products in various forms and the related accoutrements, such as pipes, lighters, matches, pipe cleaners, and pipe tampers. More specialized retailers might sell ashtrays, humidification devices, hygrometers, humidors, cigar cutters, and more. Books and magazines, especially ones related to tobacco are commonly offered. Items irrelevant to tobacco such as puzzles, games, figurines, hip flasks, walking sticks, and confectionery are sometimes sold.

Tobacco harm reduction (THR) is a public health strategy to lower the health risks to individuals and wider society associated with using tobacco products. It is an example of the concept of harm reduction, a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as a leading cause of illness and death, and reducing smoking is vital to public health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flavored tobacco</span> Tobacco product with added flavorings

Flavored tobacco products — tobacco products with added flavorings — include types of cigarettes, cigarillos and cigars, hookahs and hookah tobacco, various types of smokeless tobacco, and more recently electronic cigarettes. Flavored tobacco products are especially popular with youth and have therefore become targets of regulation in several countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tobacco control</span> Field of health science

Tobacco control is a field of international public health science, policy and practice dedicated to addressing tobacco use and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality it causes. Since most cigarettes and cigars and hookahs contain/use tobacco, tobacco control also concerns these. E-cigarettes do not contain tobacco itself, but (often) do contain nicotine. Tobacco control is a priority area for the World Health Organization (WHO), through the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. References to a tobacco control movement may have either positive or negative connotations, depending upon the commentator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act</span>

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, is a federal statute in the United States that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2009. The Act gives the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate the tobacco industry. A signature element of the law imposes new warnings and labels on tobacco packaging and their advertisements, with the goal of discouraging minors and young adults from smoking. The Act also bans flavored cigarettes, places limits on the advertising of tobacco products to minors and requires tobacco companies to seek FDA approval for new tobacco products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration</span>

Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration began in 2009 with the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act by the United States Congress. With this statute, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was given the ability to regulate tobacco products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smoking in Egypt</span> Overview of smoking in Egypt

The use of tobacco products in Egypt is widespread. It is estimated that approximately twenty percent of the population uses tobacco products daily. Cigarettes are the most common form of tobacco consumption in Egypt, with an estimated twenty billion cigarettes smoked annually in the country. After cigarettes, shisha water-pipes are the most common form of tobacco consumption.

Smoking in Ireland is banned fully in the general workplace, enclosed public places, restaurants, bars, education facilities, healthcare facilities and public transport. However, it is permitted in designated hotel rooms and there is no ban in residential care, prisons and in outdoor areas. Public opinion is in favour of the bans on smoking imposed in Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smoking in Iceland</span>

Smoking in Iceland is banned in restaurants, cafés, bars and night clubs as of June 2007. A large majority of Icelanders approve of the ban. At the time the ban went into effect, almost one in four Icelandic people were smokers.

Tobacco is an agricultural product acting as a stimulant triggering complex biochemical and neurotransmitter disruptions. Its main ingredient is nicotine and it is present in all cigarettes. Early tobacco usage was for medical cures and religious purposes. In the early 1900s, cigarette usage became increasingly popular when it was sold in mass amounts. In 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States wrote a report concerning the dangers of cigarette smoking. In the United States, for the past 50 years efforts have been made so that the public should be aware of the risks of tobacco usage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smoking in India</span> History, culture, legality and prevalence of smoking in India

Smoking in India is one of the oldest industries and provides employment to more than five million people directly and indirectly. India is the second-largest producer of tobacco in the world. Smoking has been known since at least 2000 BC when cannabis was smoked and is first mentioned in the Atharvaveda. Fumigation (dhupa) and fire offerings (homa) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have been practiced for at least 3,000 years while smoking, dhumrapana has been practiced for at least 2,000 years. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century. It later merged with existing practices of smoking.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cigarette packets in Australia</span>

Cigarette packets in Australia have undergone significant changes. Since 1 December 2012, all forms of branding logos, colours, and promotional texts are banned from cigarette pack designs. In turn they were replaced with drab dark brown packets and graphic images of smoking-related images to try to reduce the smoking population of Australia to 10% by 2018 from 15% in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smoking in the Philippines</span>

Tobacco smoking in the Philippines affects a sizable minority of the population. According to the 2015 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted under the auspices of the Philippines' Department of Health, Philippine Statistics Authority, the World Health Organization, and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23.8 percent of the adult population were "current tobacco smokers". This figures represented 16.6 million of 69 million adult Filipinos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tobacco policy in Armenia</span>

Tobacco policy in Armenia is the attempt by the Armenian authorities to regulate smoking in Armenia. Tobacco laws and regulations are controlled by the Ministry of Health of Armenia. Armenian men tend to be the most common tobacco users, as 42.5% of men over the age of 15 smoke.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regulation of nicotine marketing</span> Regulations regarding the advertising of nicotine-containing products

As nicotine is highly addictive, marketing nicotine-containing products is regulated in most jurisdictions. Regulations include bans and regulation of certain types of advertising, and requirements for counter-advertising of facts generally not included in ads. Regulation is circumvented using less-regulated media, such as Facebook, less-regulated nicotine delivery products, such as e-cigarettes, and less-regulated ad types, such as industry ads which claim to discourage nicotine addiction but seem, according to independent studies, to promote teen nicotine use.

Smoking in Latvia is common, with a rate higher than the OECD average, and Latvian men are among the heaviest smokers in the European Union. One in four Latvians smoke, as compared to one in five in the rest of the European Union. While the overall smoking rate in Latvia has decreased in recent years, it is considered a significant factor in the country's significant health challenges, particularly with regard to preventable diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

References

  1. ↑ "Annually, over 27,000 people die from consumption of tobacco products in country". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  2. ↑ Shrestha, G.; Phuyal, P.; Gautam, R.; Mulmi, R.; Pradhan, P. M. (2021). "NIH study". NIH. 11 (8): e047847. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047847. PMC   8383890 . PMID   34426463.
  3. ↑ Sinha, D. N.; Bajracharya, B.; Khadka, B. B.; Rinchen, S.; Bhattad, V. B.; Singh, P. K. (October 2012). "Smokeless tobacco use in Nepal". Indian Journal of Cancer. 49 (4): 352–356. doi: 10.4103/0019-509X.107728 . ISSN   0019-509X. PMID   23442398.
  4. ↑ Bajracharya, Bikesh (2018). "Smoking and smokeless tobacco use among urban women and men In Nepal". Tobacco Induced Diseases. 16. doi: 10.18332/tid/84331 .
  5. ↑ "Tobacco Act 2011" (PDF).
  6. ↑ "Nepal STEPS survey 2019" (PDF).
  7. ↑ Sharma, Pragati; Pahari, Sandip; Acharya, Shiva Raj; Moon, Deog Hwan; Shin, Yong Chul (15 October 2021). "Open health Journal". The Open Public Health Journal. 14 (1). doi: 10.2174/1874944502114010446 .
  8. ↑ "Smokeless tobacco use in Nepal" (PDF).
  9. ↑ Chand, Birendra; Bhusal, Sandesh; Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Paudel, Kiran; Adhikari, Nisha; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Shrestha, Sushan Man (2022-07-08). "Tobacco Use and Its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Public Health Students in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal". Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2022: e1495779. doi: 10.1155/2022/1495779 . ISSN   1687-9805. PMID   35844947.
  10. ↑ "Review STEPS Survey 2019".
  11. ↑ diwakar (2021-02-03). "Smoking in public places is banned in Nepal, but no one cares about it - OnlineKhabar English News" . Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  12. ↑ "Nepal: Bill on Tobacco Control Adopted by Legislature". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  13. ↑ "Prohibition on sales and ads of tobacco" (PDF).
  14. ↑ Republica. "Patan High Court issues interim order against KMC's ban on sale of tobacco products". My Republica. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  15. ↑ Society, Canadian Cancer. "More than 100 countries and territories require graphic picture warnings on cigarette packages, says international report". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  16. ↑ "Nepal Implements World's Largest Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco…". Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  17. ↑ Republica. ""Smokers Are not Selfish": School children actively engage in anti-smoking campaign". My Republica. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  18. ↑ "Tobacco Industry Nepal".
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