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Ethernet is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has since been refined to support higher bit rates, a greater number of nodes, and longer link distances, but retains much backward compatibility. Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as Token Ring, FDDI and ARCNET.
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Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area network. It uses optical fiber as its standard underlying physical medium, although it was also later specified to use copper cable, in which case it may be called CDDI, standardized as TP-PMD, also referred to as TP-DDI.
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In computer networking, telecommunication and information theory, broadcasting is a method of transferring a message to all recipients simultaneously. Broadcasting can be performed as a high-level operation in a program, for example, broadcasting in Message Passing Interface, or it may be a low-level networking operation, for example broadcasting on Ethernet.
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. The computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other. These interconnections are made up of telecommunication network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies.
Token Ring is a computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5.
G.hn is a specification for home networking with data rates up to 2 Gbit/s and operation over four types of legacy wires: telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines and plastic optical fiber. A single G.hn semiconductor device is able to network over any of the supported home wire types. Some benefits of a multi-wire standard are lower equipment development costs and lower deployment costs for service providers.
A computer cluster is a set of computers that work together so that they can be viewed as a single system. Unlike grid computers, computer clusters have each node set to perform the same task, controlled and scheduled by software.
References
- ↑ Sheldon, Tom. "Token and Token-Passing Access Methods". Linktionary. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ↑ Littlejohn Shinder, Debra (2001). Computer Networking Essentials. Cisco Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1587130380 . Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ↑ Savage, Stefan. "Lecture 6: Media Access Control" (PDF). Computer Science and Engineering. UC San Diego. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ↑ DiNicolo, Dan. "Essential Network Concepts Part 3". Security Pro News. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ↑ "Token Bus (IEEE 802.4)". www.technologyuk.net. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ↑ Hura, Gurdeep (2001). Data and Computer Communications: Networking and Internetworking. CRC Press. p. 327. ISBN 978-0849309281.
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