Coalbed methane, coalbed gas, or coal seam gas (CSG) is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. In recent decades it has become an important source of energy in United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries.
Kern River Pipeline is a 1,679-mile (2,702 km) long natural gas pipeline line extending from southwestern Wyoming to its terminus near Bakersfield, California. The pipeline supplies local gas distribution companies, power plants, and heavy industry in Utah, Nevada, and California. It is owned and operated by the Kern River Gas Transmission Company, a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy. Its FERC code is 99.
Karachaganak Field is a gas condensate field about 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Aksay (Ақсай) in northwest Kazakhstan. It was once a massive Permian and Carboniferous reef complex covering an area 30 by 15 square kilometres. At its largest point, the reservoir contains a gas column 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) deep with a 200 metres (660 ft) deep oil rim below it. It is estimated to contain 1.2 trillion cubic metres of gas and one billion tonnes of liquid condensate and crude oil. Discovered in 1979, it began production under Karachaganakgazprom, a subsidiary of Gazprom. In 1992, AGIP and British Gas were awarded sole negotiating rights, forming a partnership company. In 1997, Texaco and Lukoil signed a 40-year production sharing agreement with the original two companies and the Kazakhstan government to develop the field for world markets. The agreement was turned under a partnership company known as Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO) where Royal Dutch Shell and ENI are joint operators with a 29.25% stake each in the company, and with Chevron and Lukoil owning 18% and 13.5% respectively. In September 2009 the KPO filed an arbitration case against Kazakhstan. The Republic of Kazakhstan appointed Maksat Idenov to lead the negotiations, after which the arbitration was suspended towards an amicable settlement of the dispute and KazMunayGas engaged in entrance into the project in 2010. Under the terms of an agreement reached on December 14, 2011, the Republic of Kazakhstan has acquired through KazMunayGas a 10% stake for $2 billion cash and $1 billion non-cash consideration.
The Central Asia–China gas pipeline is a natural gas pipeline system from Central Asia to Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China. By connecting Turkmenistan to China’s domestic grid, this pipeline makes it possible to transport gas some 7000 km from Turkmenistan to Shanghai. More than half of Turkmen natural gas exports are delivered to China through the pipeline.
The South Pars/North Dome field is a natural-gas condensate field located in the Persian Gulf. It is by far the world's largest natural gas field, with ownership of the field shared between Iran and Qatar. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the field holds an estimated 1,800 trillion cubic feet of in-situ natural gas and some 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates. On the list of natural gas fields it has almost as much recoverable reserves as all the other fields combined. It has significant geostrategic influence.
Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan and the politics of Kazakhstan related to energy.
According to the Iran Petroleum Ministry, the proved natural gas reserves of Iran are about 1,201 trillion cubic feet (34.0 trillion cubic metres) or about 17.8% of world's total reserves, of which 33% are as associated gas and 67% is in non associated gas fields. It has the world's second largest reserves after Russia. As it takes approximately 5,850 cubic feet (166 m3) of gas to equal the energy content of 1-barrel (0.16 m3) of oil, Iran's gas reserves represent the equivalent of about 205 billion barrels (3.26×1010 m3) of oil.
Saman-Depe Gas Field is a large natural gas field located in Lebap Province of Turkmenistan. The field belongs to contractual territory Bagtyyarlyk, a group of several fields on the right bank of Amu Darya River the maximum output of which is estimated at 25-30 billion cubic meters per year, combined. The peak of production is expected in 2015–2020. As per initial estimates, the fields will produce approximately 12 billion cubic meters in 2010. Saman-Depe along with Altyn-Asyr are considered to be the largest fields in the area. Contract area of Bagtyyarlyk is estimated at 1.7 trillion cubic metres, however the precise data is yet to be confirmed. In total, there are 17 gas and gas condensate fields on the right bank of Amu Darya:
The Khvalynskoye gas field is a conventional gas condensate field located in the Kazakhstan's sector in the northern part of the Caspian Sea. It lies about 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Astrakhan at a sea depth of 25 to 30 metres. The operator of the project is Lukoil with 50% stake. Other partners are KazMunayGas (25%), Total S.A. (17%), and GDF Suez (8%).
The Radlin gas field in Poland was discovered in 1980. It began production in 1982 and produces natural gas. The total proven reserves of the Radlin gas field are around 390 billion cubic feet (11×109m³).
The Poduri gas field is a natural gas reservoir situated in Poduri, near the municipality of Moinești, Bacău County. The gas field, located in block EV-1 Moinești, was discovered in 2012 and subsequently developed by Stratum Energy, a privately-held exploration and production company based in Houston, Texas which operates in Romania since 2014, with a focus on the Poduri field at its Moinești concession. Production at the field commenced in 2014, with a focus on extracting both natural gas and condensates. The Poduri gas field boasts total proven reserves estimated at approximately 235 billion cubic feet. In 2014, it was projected to yield an output of approximately 49 million cubic feet per day (1.4×105m³). With an investment of $150 million in the Poduri gas field in 2015, Stratum Energy was poised to become the third-largest natural gas producer in Romania, trailing only Romgaz and Petrom in terms of production volume.
The Amangel'dy gas field is a natural gas field located in Almaty Province. It was discovered in 2000 and developed by KazMunayGas. The total proven reserves of the Amangel'dy gas field are around 1.78 trillion cubic feet (50×109m³), and production is centered on 66.5 million cubic feet/day (1.9×106m³).
The Târnăveni gas field natural gas field is located near the city of Târnăveni in Mureș County. It was discovered in 1950 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1955 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Târnăveni gas field are around 418 billion cubic feet (12 km³) and production is slated to be around 55 million cubic feet/day (1.55×105m³) in 2010.
The Bovanenkovo gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1972 and developed by Gazprom. It began production in 2012 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Bovanenkovo gas field are around 171.5 trillion cubic feet (4.9×1012 cubic metres), and production is stated to be around 11 billion cubic feet (311,000,000 cubic metres) per day in 2010. The Bovanenkovo gas field is part of the Yamal project.
The Kaliakra gas field is a natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea located approximately 30km Southeast of Varna, Bulgaria. It was discovered by Melrose Resources plc in 2007 and brought on production in November 2010 through a subsea wellhead and tie-back pipeline to the Galata field platform infrastructure to the West.
The Kaliakra East gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1993 and developed by PetroCeltic. It began production in 1998 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Kaliakra East gas field are around 59 billion cubic feet (1.7 km³), and production is slated to be around 20 million cubic feet/day (0,56×106m³) in 2015.
The Kamchia gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1993 and developed by PetroCeltic. It began production in 1998 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Kamchia gas field are around 172 billion cubic feet (4.9 km³), and production is slated to be around 40 million cubic feet/day (1.1×106m³) in 2015.
The Izgrev gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1993 and developed by PetroCeltic. It will begin production in 2018 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Izgrev gas field are around 278 billion cubic feet (7.9 km³), and production is slated to be around 40 million cubic feet/day (1.1×106m³) in 2018.
The Ropotamo gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1993 and developed by PetroCeltic. It will begin production in 2018 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Ropotamo gas field are around 1.4 trillion cubic feet (40 km³), and production is slated to be around 400 million cubic feet/day (11×106m³) in 2018.
The Obzor gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1993 and developed by PetroCeltic. It will begin production in 2018 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Obzor gas field are around 158 billion cubic feet (4.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 40 million cubic feet/day (1.1×106m³) in 2018.
