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Svalbard ( SVAHL-bar, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsvɑ̂ːɫbɑr]; previously known as Spitsbergen, or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Situated north of mainland Europe, it is about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. The largest island is Spitsbergen, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya, and the largest settlement is Longyearbyen.
Bear Island is the southernmost island of the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago. The island is located in the western part of the Barents Sea, approximately halfway between Spitsbergen and the North Cape.
Longyearbyen is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of Svalbard, Norway. It stretches along the foot of the left bank of the Longyear Valley and on the shore of Adventfjorden, the short estuary leading into Isfjorden on the west coast of Spitsbergen, the island's broadest inlet. Since 2002 Longyearbyen Community Council has had many of the same responsibilities as a Norwegian municipality, including utilities, education, cultural facilities, fire brigade, roads and ports. The town is the seat of the Governor of Svalbard. It is the world's northernmost settlement of any kind with more than 1,000 permanent residents. Since 2015 Arild Olsen has served as Mayor.
The Norwegian Polar Institute is Norway's central governmental institution for scientific research, mapping and environmental monitoring in the Arctic and the Antarctic. The NPI is a directorate under Norway's Ministry of Climate and Environment. The institute advises Norwegian authorities on matters concerning polar environmental management and is the official environmental management body for Norwegian activities in Antarctica.
Barentsøya, sometimes anglicized as Barents Island, is an island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. Barents Island has no permanent human inhabitants. Named for the Dutch explorer Willem Barents, it is a part of Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve.
Kongsøya is an island in Svalbard, Norway. It is the largest of the islands in King Charles Land. Its area is 191 square kilometres (74 sq mi). The other main island in the chain is Svenskøya.
The economy of Svalbard is dominated by coal mining, tourism and research. In 2007, there were 484 people working in the mining sector, 211 people working in the tourism sector and 111 people working in the education sector. The same year, mining gave a revenue of 2.008 billion kr, tourism NOK 317 million and research 142 million. In 2006, the average income for economically active people was NOK 494,700, or 23% higher than on the mainland. Almost all housing is owned by the various employers and institutions and rented to their employees; there are only a few privately owned houses, most of which are recreational cabins. Because of this, it is nearly impossible to live on Svalbard without working for an established institution. The Spitsbergen Treaty and Svalbard Act established Svalbard as an economic free zone and demilitarized zone in 1925.
Eidembreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about eighteen kilometers, and debouches into Eidembukta in Forlandsundet, between St. Jonsfjorden and Isfjorden. The glacier is named after Norwegian politician and naval officer Ole Thorenius Eidem. Eidembreen belongs to the mountain and glacier complex of Trollheimen. Further north are Austgötabreen and Huldrebreen, and to the south are Stallobreen and Heksebreen.
Trollheimen is a mountainous area in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, around the glacier of Eidembreen. Among the mountains of Trollheimen are Tussekallen, Runebomma, Heksefjellet, Huldrefjellet, Huldrehatten, Tomtegubben, and parts of Gunnar Knudsenfjella. North of Eidembreen is the glacier of Huldrebreen, and to the south are Heksebreen and Stallobreen.
Gunnar Knudsenfjella is a mountain group in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The mountains are located south of St. Jonsfjorden, and are surrounded by the glaciers of Charlesbreen, Løvliebreen and Eidembreen.
Heksefjellet is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It reaches a height of 774 m.a.s.l. and is located between the glaciers of Heksebreen and Stallobreen, south of Eidembreen. The mountain is part of the mountainous district of Trollheimen.
Heksebreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about 3.5 kilometers, and is a tributary glacier to Eidembreen. The glacier is located south in the mountainous district of Trollheimen, and is surrounded by the mountains of Heksefjellet, Runebomma, Trollungen and Stortrollet.
Hydrografbreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier has a length about eight kilometers, and extends from the mountain range of Holmesletfjella to Jørgenfjellet.
Vestgötabreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about seven kilometers, and is located between Løvliefjellet and the mountain ranges of Holmesletfjella and Motalafjella. The glacier is named from the Swedish province of Västergötland.
Tussekallen is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 729 m.a.s.l., and is located between the glaciers of Venernbreen and Eidembreen. Tussekallen is part of the mountainous district of Trollheimen.
Venernbreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about fifteen kilometers, and is located between the mountains of Sparrefjellet and Kinnefjellet. The glacier is named after the Swedish lake of Vänern.
Runebomma is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 729 m.a.s.l., and is located between the glaciers of Venernbreen, Heksebreen and Eidembreen. Runebomma is part of the mountainous district of Trollheimen.
Huldrebreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is surrounded by the mountains of Huldrehatten, Huldrefjellet and Bytingen, west in the mountainous district of Trollheimen. Huldrebreen and Austgötabreen are located north of the glacier complex of Eidembreen. The glacier is named after Huldra in Scandinavian folklore.
Huldrehatten is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It reaches a height of 787 m.a.s.l., and is located west in the mountainous district of Trollheimen, north of the glacier complex of Eidembreen, and north of Huldrefjellet. The mountain is named after Huldra in Scandinavian folklore.
Tinayrebreen is a glacier in Haakon VII Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about ten kilometers, and extends from the glacier cap of Isachsenfonna to Möllerfjorden, where it debouches into the bay of Tinayrebukta. The glacier is named after French painter Jean Paul Louis Tinayre.
References
- ↑ "Tomtegubben (Svalbard)". Norwegian Polar Institute . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ↑ "Trollheimen (Svalbard)". Norwegian Polar Institute . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
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