Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and, since the 1880s, has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine a pit, and the above-ground structures the pit head. In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine. In the United States, "colliery" has been used to describe a coal mine operation but nowadays the word is not commonly used.
The R504 Kolyma Highway, part of the M56 route, is a road through the Russian Far East. It connects Magadan with the town of Nizhny Bestyakh, located on the eastern bank of Lena River opposite Yakutsk. At Nizhny Bestyakh the Kolyma Highway connects to the Lena Highway.
Mining in the United Kingdom produces a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals due to its complex geology. In 2013, there were over 2,000 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of the United Kingdom producing £34bn of minerals and employing 36,000 people.
The Iacobeni mine is a large mine in the north of Romania in Suceava County, 96 km southwest of Suceava and 340 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Iacobeni represents the third largest copper reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 0.4% copper. The mine also has one of the largest manganese reserves in Romania estimated at 2.5 million tonnes of ore with an annual production of around 70,000 tonnes.
The Dobrești mine is a large mine in the northwest of Romania in Bihor County, 55 km southwest of Oradea and 629 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Dobrești represents the largest bauxite reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 10 million tonnes.
The Orașu Nou mine is a large mine in the northwest of Romania in Satu Mare County, 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Satu Mare and 641 kilometres (398 mi) north of the capital, Bucharest. Orașu Nou represents the largest bentonite reserve in Romania, having estimated reserves of 25 million tonnes.
The Băița mine is a large open pit mine in the northwest of Romania in Bihor County, 123 km southeast of Oradea and 737 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Băița represents the largest uranium reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 90 million tonnes of ore grading 0.5% uranium metal.
The Donald and Sylvia McLaughlin Natural Reserve is a 7,050-acre (28.5 km2) University of California Natural Reserve System reserve in the Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area, in Napa and Lake counties of California. The site is owned by the Homestake Mining Company, and is the site of the now-closed McLaughlin Mine.
The Ghelari mine was a large open pit, also an underground iron ore mine in the western of Romania in Hunedoara County, 20 km south-west of Hunedoara and 411 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Ghelari represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 14 million tonnes of ore. The mine produced around 200,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
The Băișoara mine is a large open pit mine in the north-western of Romania in Cluj County, 60 km south of Cluj-Napoca and 466 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Băișoara represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 6 million tonnes of ore. The mine produces around 50,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
Anina Coal Mine is an underground mine that is now closed. It was one of the largest mines in Romania. It is located in South-Western Romania, in Anina, Caraş-Severin County in the historical Banat region. The mine still has large reserves of anthracite, lignite, brown coal and oil shale amounting to over 1.3 billion tonnes. It was owned by Miniera Banat a state owned company that specialised in the management of coal mines in the Banat region. The mine opened in 1790 making it the longest running mine in Romania until its closure in 2006. Its galleries are hundreds of kilometers in length and reach a depth of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) making it the deepest mine in Romania and one of the deepest in Europe. The mine supplied oil shale to the nearby Crivina Power Station, a 990 MW thermal power station, the first oil shale power station in Romania, that had to be supplied with around 4 million tonnes of oil shale per year.
The Dognecea mine is a large open pit mine in the western of Romania in Caraş-Severin County, 23 km west of Reşiţa and 509 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Dognecea represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 9 million tonnes of ore. The mine produces around 10,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
The Lueta mine is a large open pit mine in central Romania in Harghita County, 36 km west of Miercurea Ciuc and 299 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Lueta represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 6 million tonnes of ore. The mine produces around 10,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
Tomtor is the name of several rural localities in the Sakha Republic, Russia:
The Cacica mine is a large salt mine located in northern Romania in Suceava County, close to Cacica. Cacica represents one of the largest salt reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 238 million tonnes of NaCl.
The Cacova Ierii mine is a large open pit mine in the north-western of Romania in Cluj County. Cacova Ierii represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 16.6 million tonnes of ore grading 42% iron metal. The mine has the capability to produce around 415,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
The Șaru Dornei mine is a mine located in the north of Romania in Suceava County. Șaru Dornei represents one of the largest manganese reserve in the Romania having estimated reserves of 15 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 26% manganese metal.
