Tongue training

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Tongue training is a technique used to encourage proper tongue motion. Tongue training is used to treat individuals suffering from Ankyloglossia (the "tongue tied" medical condition) and other tongue dysfunctions. [1] It is important for individuals suffering from orofacial myological disorders. Tongue training is a method used to teach the correct accent of any language. [2] [3]

Contents

Brazil is the only country to have legislated a state law requiring a tongue evaluation to be performed for each newborn as a screening test (“teste da linguine” under Law 13.002 / 2014).

Tongue malfunction

Appropriate motion and strength of the tongue are vital for eating, swallowing, and breathing. Tongue motion plays a fundamental role in the development of oral and facial structures, as insufficient tongue motion may cause many body malfunctions. [4] [5] [6]

Many tongue malfunctions are not diagnosed at the newborn stage, which can have significant consequences in later life, such as: [7] [8] [9] [10]

Protocols

Historically, in many cultures, physicians have performed tongue releases for babies with significant benefits. [11] [12] [13] [14] Various protocols exist for diagnosing and treating tongue malfunctions.

The protocol depends on the caregiver's profession and the patient's age. [1] [14]

Studies show that passive and active tongue exercises are required to improve tongue motion. Tongue training is an encouragement or neuromuscular re-education, which helps strengthen tongue muscle. This is critical for a positive prognosis post-frenectomy. [9] [8] [1]

It is now standard that when a sub-functional tongue is diagnosed, even in infants, the caregiver recommends tongue exercises, before a referral for a frenectomy, as well as after the procedure. This conditions the baby and the parent/caretaker, and begins to "fire and wire the muscles to help overall tone and strength” of the tongue. [9]

In addition to the standard tongue training protocol for a diagnosed sub-functional tongue using methods and tools enable comfortable, pleasant and practical tongue training, lead caregivers recommend that each newborn receive a tongue training of two weeks accompanied by professional guidance.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Infant</span> Very young offspring of humans

An infant or baby is the very young offspring of human beings. Infant is a formal or specialised synonym for the common term baby. The terms may also be used to refer to juveniles of other organisms. A newborn is, in colloquial use, an infant who is only hours, days, or up to one month old. In medical contexts, a newborn or neonate is an infant in the first 28 days after birth; the term applies to premature, full term, and postmature infants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snoring</span> Vibratory sound made while asleep

Snoring is the vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping. The sound may be soft or loud and unpleasant. Snoring during sleep may be a sign, or first alarm, of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Research suggests that snoring is one of the factors of sleep deprivation.

Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a sleep disorder characterized by the narrowing of the airway that can cause disruptions to sleep. The symptoms include unrefreshing sleep, fatigue, sleepiness, chronic insomnia, and difficulty concentrating. UARS can be diagnosed by polysomnograms capable of detecting Respiratory Effort-related Arousals. It can be treated with lifestyle changes, orthodontics, surgery, or CPAP therapy. UARS is considered a variant of sleep apnea, although some scientists and doctors believe it to be a distinct disorder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kangaroo care</span> Technique of newborn care

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which involves skin-to-skin contact (SSC), is an intervention to care for premature or low birth weight infants (LBW). The technique and intervention is the recommended evidence-based care for low birth weight infants by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2003.

At the end of pregnancy, the fetus must take the journey of childbirth to leave the reproductive mother. Upon its entry to the air-breathing world, the newborn must begin to adjust to life outside the uterus. This is true for all viviparous animals; this article discusses humans as the most-researched example.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obstructive sleep apnea</span> Sleeping and breathing disorder

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near-complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when the reduction in breathing is partial. In either case, a fall in blood oxygen saturation, a disruption in sleep, or both, may result. A high frequency of apneas or hypopneas during sleep may interfere with the quality of sleep, which – in combination with disturbances in blood oxygenation – is thought to contribute to negative consequences to health and quality of life. The terms obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) may be used to refer to OSA when it is associated with symptoms during the daytime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tongue thrust</span>

Tongue thrust is a pseudo-pathological name of what is either considered a normal adaptive lip seal mechanism, whereby normal nasal breathing or normal swallowing can occur, or seen as an oral myofunctional disorder - a tongue muscle pattern that is perceived as clinically abnormal and in which the tongue protrudes anteriorly to seal otherwise incompetent lips.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ankyloglossia</span> Congenital disorder of tongue mobility

Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Ankyloglossia varies in degree of severity from mild cases characterized by mucous membrane bands to complete ankyloglossia whereby the tongue is tethered to the floor of the mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty</span>

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery used to remove tissue and/or remodel tissue in the throat. This could be because of sleep issues. Tissues which may typically be removed include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frenulum of tongue</span> Small fold of mucous membrane

The frenulum of tongue or tongue web is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue.

Mouth breathing, medically known as chronic oral ventilation, is long-term breathing through the mouth. It often is caused by an obstruction to breathing through the nose, the innate breathing organ in the human body. Chronic mouth breathing may be associated with illness. The term "mouth-breather" has developed a pejorative slang meaning.

Oral myology is the field of study that involves the evaluation and treatment of the oral and facial musculature, including the muscles of the tongue, lips, cheeks, and jaw.

Catathrenia or nocturnal groaning is a sleep-related breathing disorder, consisting of end-inspiratory apnea and expiratory groaning during sleep. The name originates from the Greek kata (below) and threnia, and it describes a rare condition characterized by monotonous, irregular groans while sleeping. Catathrenia begins with a deep inspiration. The person with catathrenia holds her or his breath against a closed glottis, similar to the Valsalva maneuver. Expiration can be slow and accompanied by sound caused by vibration of the vocal cords or a simple rapid exhalation. Despite a slower breathing rate, no oxygen desaturation usually occurs. The moaning sound is usually not noticed by the person producing the sound, but it can be extremely disturbing to sleep partners. It appears more often during expiration REM sleep than in NREM sleep.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frenectomy</span> Surgical removal of a frenulum

A frenectomy is the removal of a frenulum, a small fold of tissue that prevents an organ in the body from moving too far. It can refer to frenula in several places on the human body. It is related to frenuloplasty, a surgical alteration in a frenulum. Done mostly for orthodontic purposes, a frenectomy is either performed inside the middle of the upper lip, which is called labial frenectomy, or under the tongue, called lingual frenectomy. Frenectomy is a very common dental procedure that is performed on infants, children, and adults. A similar procedure frenulotomy is where a tight frenulum may be relieved by making an incision in the tight tissue.

Christian Guilleminault was a French physician and researcher in the field of sleep medicine who played a central role in the early discovery of obstructive sleep apnea and made seminal discoveries in many other areas of sleep medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Breastfeeding</span> Feeding of babies or young children with milk from a womans breast

Breastfeeding, or nursing, is the process by which human breast milk is fed to a child. Breast milk may be from the breast, or may be pumped and fed to the infant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a baby's life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants. Health organizations, including the WHO, recommend breastfeeding exclusively for six months. This means that no other foods or drinks, other than vitamin D, are typically given. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for up to 2 years and beyond. Of the 135 million babies born every year, only 42% are breastfed within the first hour of life, only 38% of mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months, and 58% of mothers continue breastfeeding up to the age of two years and beyond.

Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders (OMD) are muscle disorders of the face, mouth, lips, or jaw due to chronic mouth breathing.

A lisp is a speech impairment in which a person misarticulates sibilants. These misarticulations often result in unclear speech.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Infant crying</span> Medical condition

Infant crying is the crying of infants as a response to an internal or external stimulus. Infants cry as a form of basic instinctive communication. Essentially, newborns are transitioning from life in the womb to the external environment. Up to 27% of parents describe problems with infant crying in the first four months. Up to 38% identify a problem with their infant crying within the first year. Parents can be concerned about the amount of time that their infant cries, how the infant can be consoled, and disrupted sleeping patterns. Colic is used as a synonym for excessive crying of infants, even though colic may not be the cause of excessive crying.

Nipple pain is a common symptom of pain at the nipple that occurs in women during breastfeeding after childbirth. The pain shows the highest intensity during the third to the seventh day postpartum and becomes most severe on the third day postpartum.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Multidisciplinary management of ankyloglossia in childhood" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-02. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  2. ↑ "Tongue Training: How to Perfect an Accent | Language Trainers UK Blog". Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  3. ↑ Mizuhashi, F.; Takahashi, M.; Koide, K.; Arakawa, I. (2015-06-01). "Effect of the tongue rotation exercise training on the oral functions in normal adults – Part 1 investigation of tongue pressure and labial closure strength". Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 42 (6): 407–413. doi:10.1111/joor.12271. ISSN   1365-2842. PMID   25640889.
  4. ↑ Martinelli, Roberta; Marachesan, Irene; Berretin-Felix, Giedre (2012). "Lingual frenulum protocol with scores for infants" (PDF). International Journal of Orofacial Myology. 38 (1): 104–112. doi:10.52010/IJOM.2012.38.1.8. PMID   23362754. S2CID   24750843. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-01-25.
  5. ↑ Queiroz Marchesan, I. (2004). "Lingual frenulum: Classification and speech interference". The International Journal of Orofacial Myology. 30: 31–8. PMID   15832860.
  6. ↑ Sánchez-Molins, M.; Grau Carbó, J.; Lischeid Gaig, C.; Ustrell Torrent, J. M. (2010). "Sánchez-Molins M., Grau Carbó C., Lischeid Gaig C., Ustrell Torrent JM. Comparative study of the craniofacial growth depending on the type of lactation received. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2010; 11:87-92". European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 11 (2): 87–92. PMID   20635843.
  7. ↑ Merdad, Hisham; Mascarenhas, Ana Karina (September 2010). "Ankyloglossia may Cause Breastfeeding, Tongue Mobility, and Speech Difficulties, with Inconclusive Results on Treatment Choices". Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice. 10 (3): 152–153. doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2010.05.009. PMID   20797658.
  8. 1 2 Ferrés-Amat, E.; Pastor-Vera, T.; Rodriguez-Alessi, P.; Ferrés-Amat, E.; Mareque-Bueno, J.; Ferrés-Padró, E. (2017). "E. Ferrés-Amat, T. Pastor-Vera, P. Rodriguez-Alessi, E. Ferrés-Amat, J. Mareque-Bueno, E. Ferrés-Padró (2017) The prevalence of ankyloglossia in 302 newborns with breastfeeding problems and sucking difficulties in Barcelona: a descriptive study. European Journal of paediatric dentistry vol. 18/4-2017". European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 18 (4): 319–325. doi:10.23804/ejpd.2017.18.04.10. PMID   29380619.
  9. 1 2 3 Baxter R. et Al (2018) Tongue-tied: How a tiny string under the tongue impacts nursing, speech, feeding and more. Alabama Tongue-Tie Center.
  10. ↑ Yoon, A. J.; Zaghi, S.; Ha, S.; Law, C. S.; Guilleminault, C.; Liu, S. Y. (2017). "Yoon A, Zaghi S, Ha S, Law C, Guilleminault C, Liu S. Ankyloglossia as a risk factor for maxillary hypoplasia and soft palate elongation: A functional–morphological study". Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 20 (4): 237–244. doi:10.1111/ocr.12206. PMID   28994495.
  11. ↑ Dollberg, S.; Botzer, E.; Grunis, E.; Mimouni, F. B. (2006). "S. Dollberg, E. Botzer et al., Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breast-fed infants with ankyloglossia: a randomized, prospective study". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 41 (9): 1598–600. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.024. PMID   16952598.
  12. ↑ Billington, J.; Yardley, I.; Upadhyaya, M. (February 2018). "J. Billington et al. Long-term efficacy of a tongue tie service in improving breast feeding rates: A prospective study". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 53 (2): 286–288. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.014. PMID   29248165.
  13. ↑ Shope, Timothy; Bloom, David; Buryk, Melissa (August 2011). "Buryk M et al. Efficacy of neonatal release of Ankyloglossia: a randomized trial". Pediatrics. 128 (2): 280–288. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0077 . PMID   21768318. Archived from the original on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  14. 1 2 Villa, M. P.; Evangelisti, M.; Martella, S.; Barreto, M.; Del Pozzo, M. (2017). "Villa, M.P., Evangelisti, M., Martella, S. et al. Can Myofunctional therapy increase tongue tone and reduce symptoms in children with sleep-disordered breathing? Sleep Breathing (2017) 21: 1025". Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung. 21 (4): 1025–1032. doi:10.1007/s11325-017-1489-2. PMID   28315149. S2CID   28529788.
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