| Tonisto family | |
|---|---|
| Venetian nobility | |
 | |
| Country |  Republic of Venice |
| Titles | Patrician (Patrizio veneto) |
| Dissolution | 1523 |
The House of Tonisto was a Venetian noble family, which reached its peak in the first half of the 13th century.
| Tonisto family | |
|---|---|
| Venetian nobility | |
| | |
| Country | Republic of Venice |
| Titles | Patrician (Patrizio veneto) |
| Dissolution | 1523 |
The House of Tonisto was a Venetian noble family, which reached its peak in the first half of the 13th century.
According to the tradition, the family originated from Tunis or Constantinople. [1] They were among the early families who settled the Venetian lagoon. It is possible that they built the San Tomà church, of which they became patrons. [2]
The most illustrious member of the family was Niccolò, who lived in the first half of the 13th century. He is first referred to as podestà of Capo d'Istria (present-day Koper, Slovenia) in 1222. He served as bailo in Acre in 1227. He was Duke of Crete from 1230 to 1232, then podestà of Verona in 1233. He functioned as podestà of Ragusa (present-day Dubrovnik, Croatia) between 1238 and 1240. [2]
The Tonistos were added to the hereditary families of the Great Council of Venice, during the constitutional reforms of the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio in 1298. [1] Nevertheless, the family lost its influence by the end of the 13th century. A member of the family, Marco was a canon at St Mark's Basilica in 1291. He was a titular bishop in Lesser Armenia in 1334. [3] One Nicholas was podestà of Chioggia until his death in 1316. The family became extinct in 1523. [1]
Three brothers of the family – Niccolò (Nicola), Gianni (Ganinus, Gyamus or Ganus) and Marco (Mark) – escorted the pretender Andrew the Venetian to the Kingdom of Hungary in early 1290. They belonged to the household of Andrew, who ascended the Hungarian throne in the same year. Earlier Hungarian historiography incorrectly referred to them as the Torusto brothers based on a misinterpretation made by 18th-century scholar Daniele Farlati. [2]
Sometime after 1291, Andrew III appointed Niccolò as the castellan of Medvedgrad (Medvevár) in Zagreb County, Slavonia. [4] He and his brother Gianni were involved in a series of conflicts with the local burghers of Zagreb. In early 1295, John, Bishop of Zagreb mediated to settle the dispute between them. [5] Niccolò died sometime after 1295, he was succeeded as castellan by Gianni, who was also appointed ispán of the Zagreb royal chamber sometime between 1296 and 1298. [6] Andrew III ordered that the guard of the castle be financed from the income of the chamber. According to a charter from 1328, Gianni was murdered sometime later, around 1299. He was succeeded as castellan by Marco, who was also a canon of the cathedral chapter of Zagreb. Soon, in May 1300 at the latest, Marco handed over Medvedgrad to the powerful Babonić family in exchange for a hefty sum. Later, Bishop Augustin Kažotić protested against this act. [5]
Marco left Hungary following the death of Andrew III in 1301, and it is possible that he is identical with the aforementioned titular bishop. Another canon of Zagreb, Jacopo Vendelino was a confidant of the Tonisto brothers. He obtained a benefice at the St Mark's Basilica in Venice and was also vicar of San Tomà church in 1308. [3]
Tomasina Morosini, Duchess of Slavonia, was a member of the prominent Venetian Morosini family. Her son was Andrew III "the Venetian", King of Hungary.
Stephen the Posthumous was the posthumous son of King Andrew II of Hungary by his third wife, Beatrice d'Este. He was regarded as bastard son of infidelity by his much older half-brothers, including King Béla IV of Hungary, and was not allowed to receive ducal revenues from Hungary to which he would have been entitled as son of a Hungarian king.
Denis, son of Ampud, also Denis, son of Apod, was an influential baron in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century. He was Master of the treasury between 1216 and 1224. He was also ispán of at least three counties.
Gregory Bicskei was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was the elected Archbishop of Esztergom between 1298 and 1303. Supporting the claim of the Capetian House of Anjou, he was a tough opponent of Andrew III of Hungary. He crowned Charles I king with a provisional crown in 1301. He was murdered in Anagni by soldiers whom Philip IV of France had sent to Italy to capture Pope Boniface VIII.
John Hont-Pázmány was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was Archbishop of Kalocsa between 1278 and 1301. In this capacity, he closely cooperated with fellow Archbishop Lodomer in order to restore royal authority over the kingdom. After Lodomer's death, John became head of the royal council from 1298 to 1301, initiating profound constitutional changes in the parliamentary system. He crowned Wenceslaus, one of the pretenders to Hungary, king in 1301, provoking the wrath of the Holy See.
Atyusz from the kindred Hahót was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of several counties in the second half of the 13th century. He was also the ancestor of the Szabari noble family.
Lucas (III) from the kindred Péc was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of Zala County from 1289 to 1291 and in 1298. He was also known as Lucas of Tátika.
Henry (II) Kőszegi was a Hungarian influential lord at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was a member of the powerful Kőszegi family. He extended his influence over Upper Slavonia since the 1280s, becoming one of the so-called "oligarchs", who ruled their dominion de facto independently of the monarch. After the extinction of the House of Árpád, he participated in the dynastic struggles. He drew Southern Transdanubia under his suzerainty by then.
Nicholas (I) Kőszegi was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. He was a member of the powerful Kőszegi family. He served as Palatine of Hungary at various times between 1275 and 1298. He was also Ban of Slavonia twice. Albeit he participated in several rebellions against the royal power, he proved to be more moderate and conformist than his younger brothers. He swore loyalty to Andrew III of Hungary after their failed rebellion in 1292. In comparison to the other branches of the Kőszegi family, Nicholas' branch remained relatively insignificant, as he did not establish an oligarchic province independently of the king, unlike his brothers. Nicholas was ancestor of the Rohonci family, which flourished until the mid-15th century.
George from the kindred Baksa was a Hungarian lord and a distinguished military leader in the second half of the 13th century. He was a key supporter of Ladislaus IV of Hungary and participated in various military campaigns during his reign. He successfully fought against the Mongols in Hungary and Poland. After granting large-scale domains in Upper Hungary, he was also known as George of Sóvár or George the Salty and became eponymous progenitor of the Sós de Sóvár noble family.
Thomas (III) from the kindred Hont-Pázmány was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Judge royal in 1275 and from 1291 to 1293. He was a strong confidant of Andrew III of Hungary.
John was a prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1288 until his death.
Haab was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as Bishop of Vác from 1294 until his death.
Andronicus was a Hungarian cleric in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Provost of Veszprém from 1287 to 1297.
Paschasius was a Hungarian Catholic prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Nyitra from 1285 to at least 1297.
Albertino Morosini (c. 1240 – 16 November 1305) was a Venetian nobleman and statesman of the late 13th and early 14th centuries. He was elected governor (podestà) of the Republic of Pisa until his defeat and capture by the Genoese at the Battle of Meloria in 1284. He served in high offices in the Venetian Republic, including as bailo in Acre and Duke of Crete, where he confronted the Revolt of Alexios Kallergis. After 1290 was mostly active in the Kingdom of Hungary, where the son of his sister Tomasina became King Andrew III. Albertino entered the high Hungarian nobility, and was created Duke of Slavonia and Count of Požega, as well as being given a claim to the Hungarian succession. He returned to Venice after the death of Andrew III in 1301.
Baldo da Passignano was an Italian noble and poet from the Republic of Florence. He was expelled from Florence in 1268, because of his staunch Ghibelline position. He lived in exile in the Kingdom of Hungary for a decade in the 1290s, during the reign of Andrew III. As a member of the royal court, Baldo served as ispán (count) of Szepes County from 1291 to 1301 and, simultaneously, ispán of the royal chamber between 1291 and 1292.
Tralusius or Tiralusius was an Italian-born Hungarian noble in the late 13th century. He was an illegitimate son of Stephen the Posthumous and thus a half-brother of King Andrew III of Hungary.
Niccolò Tonisto was a 13th-century Venetian nobleman and administrator. He is the most illustrious member of the Tonisto patrician family.
Marco da Saliceto was an Italian notary and administrator from Bologna, who served as a tutor of the future monarch Andrew III of Hungary. Some scholars identified him with Marco Lombardo, a character in Dante's Purgatorio.
