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Tori (取り) is a term used in Japanese martial arts to refer to the executor of a technique in partnered practice. The term "tori" comes from the verb toru (取る),meaning "to take","to pick up",or "to choose".
In judo and some other martial arts,tori is the person who completes the technique against the training partner,called uke . Regardless of the situation,the principle is that "tori" is always the one who successfully completes a technique. The terms "tori" and "uke" are not synonymous with attacker and defender,because the role is determined by who completes a successful technique,not who initiates one. [1]
In aikido and related martial arts,tori executes a defensive technique against a designated attack initiated by uke. Aikido has alternative terms describing the role of tori,depending on the particular style or situation,including "thrower" (投げ,nage) and "performing hand" (仕手,shite). [2]
Aikido is a modern Japanese martial art that is split into many different styles,including Iwama Ryu,Iwama Shin Shin Aiki Shuren Kai,Shodokan Aikido,Yoshinkan,Renshinkai,Aikikai and Ki Aikido. Aikido is now practiced in around 140 countries. It was originally developed by Morihei Ueshiba,as a synthesis of his martial studies,philosophy and religious beliefs. Ueshiba's goal was to create an art that practitioners could use to defend themselves while also protecting their attackers from injury. Aikido is often translated as "the way of unifying (with) life energy" or as "the way of harmonious spirit". According to the founder's philosophy,the primary goal in the practice of aikido is to overcome oneself instead of cultivating violence or aggressiveness. Morihei Ueshiba used the phrase masakatsu agatsu katsuhayabi" to refer to this principle.
Judo is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art,Olympic sport,and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally. Judo was created in 1882 by KanōJigorōas an eclectic martial art,distinguishing itself from its predecessors due to an emphasis on "randori" instead of "kata" alongside its removal of striking and weapon training elements. Judo rose to prominence for its dominance over established jujutsu schools in tournaments hosted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department,resulting in its adoption as the department's primary martial art. A judo practitioner is called a "judoka",and the judo uniform is called "judogi".
Tenkan is the Japanese name of a movement practiced in several martial arts. It is a 180 degree pivot to the rear,on the lead foot. That is,if the left foot is forward,the pivot is clockwise,and if the right foot is forward,the pivot is counter-clockwise.
Randori (乱取り) is a term used in Japanese martial arts to describe free-style practice (sparring). The term denotes an exercise in 取りtori,applying technique to a random succession of uke attacks.
Uke (受け) is in Japanese martial arts the person who "receives" a technique. The exact role of uke varies between the different arts and often within the art itself depending on the situation. For instance,in aikido,judo kata,and bujinkan ninjutsu,uke initiates an attack against their partner,who then defends,whereas in competition judo,there is no designated uke.
Japanese martial arts refers to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan. At least three Japanese terms are used interchangeably with the English phrase Japanese martial arts.
Zanshin is a state of awareness,of relaxed alertness,in Japanese martial arts. A literal translation of zanshin is "remaining mind".
Iwama-style Aikido(岩間合気道) is the style of aikido that was taught in Iwama by the founder of aikido,Morihei Ueshiba,and especially the lineage passed on through Morihiro Saito,a close disciple who was given responsibility over Iwama dojo by Ueshiba.
YoshinkanAikido is a style of aikido that developed after World War II in the Yoshinkan Dojo of Gozo Shioda (1915–1994). Yoshinkan Aikido is often called the "hard" style of aikido because the training methods are a product of Shioda's grueling life before the war. Shioda named his dojo "Yoshinkan" after a dojo of the same name that was built by his father,a physician,who wanted to improve both physical and spiritual health. The Yoshinkan style is currently the second largest aikido organization worldwide.
Yoseikan budō (養正館武道) may be classified as a sōgōbudō form,but is used here to indicate a martial art into which various martial ways have been integrated. It is probably most widely known for its descent from a pre-war style of aikido;however,it has important connections to judo,karate,western boxing,savate,and a traditional forms of Japanese combat known as gyokushin-ryūjujutsu and Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū.
Nage-no-kata is one of the two randori-no-kata of Kodokan Judo. It is intended as an illustration of the various concepts of nage-waza that exist in judo,and is used both as a training method and as a demonstration of understanding.
Age-uke (上げ受け),which translates to "rising block",or "upward block" is the Japanese term for a technique used in martial arts. There numerous variations in how the technique might be executed,and nothing implicit in the term itself restricts its use to unarmed techniques. It is commonly used with regards to the Karate technique that goes by that name,but can also refer to similar techniques in Kobudo.
Ōgoshi is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as compiled by Jigoro Kano.
In martial arts,the terms hard and soft technique denote how forcefully a defender martial artist counters the force of an attack in armed and unarmed combat. In the East Asian martial arts,the corresponding hard technique and soft technique terms are 硬 and 柔,hence Goju-ryu,Shorinji Kempo principles of go-ho and ju-ho,Jujutsu and Judo.
Yoseikan Aikido is the aikido taught at the Yoseikan Dojo in Shizuoka,Japan,under the direction of Minoru Mochizuki.
Takeda Ryu Nakamura Ha is a gendai (modern) martial art developed by Nakamura Hisashi in the mid to late 20th century.
Jujutsu,also known as jiu-jitsu and ju-jitsu,is a family of Japanese martial arts and a system of close combat that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner to kill or subdue one or more weaponless or armed and armored opponents. Jiu-jitsu dates back to the 1530s and was coined by Hisamori Tenenouchi when he officially established the first jiu-jitsu school in Japan. This form of martial arts uses few or no weapons at all and includes strikes,throws,holds,and paralyzing attacks against the enemy. Jujutsu developed from the warrior class around the 17th century in Japan. It was designed to supplement the swordsmanship of a warrior during combat. A subset of techniques from certain styles of jujutsu were used to develop many modern martial arts and combat sports,such as judo,aikido,sambo,ARB,Brazilian jiu-jitsu,and mixed martial arts. The official date of foundation of Jiu Jitsu is 1530.
Shodokan Aikido is the style of Aikido founded by Kenji Tomiki. Shodokan Aikido is sometimes referred to as 合気道競技meaning "Competitive Aikido" or "Sport Aikido" because of its use of regular competitions.
Aikido concepts are ideas that form the philosophical or technical basis of the Japanese martial art aikido.
Aikido techniques are frequently referred to as waza 技. Aikido training is based primarily on two partners practicing pre-arranged forms (kata) rather than freestyle practice. The basic pattern is for the receiver of the technique (uke) to initiate an attack against the person who applies the technique—the 取りtori,or shite 仕手,also referred to as (投げnage,who neutralises this attack with an aikido technique.