The Battle of Toulouse saw a French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult defend the city of Toulouse against the Marquess of Wellington's British, Portuguese, and Spanish army. The fighting took place on 10 April 1814 and Soult evacuated the city late in the evening of 11 April after suffering defeat. Allied casualties in the bitter fighting exceeded French losses by more than a thousand. Official news of the end of the war did not reach Wellington until the afternoon of 12 April.
Commander-in-Chief: Field Marshal the Marquess of Wellington [1] [2] [3]
Cavalry Commander: Lt Gen Stapleton Cotton
Quartermaster-General: Maj Gen Sir George Murray
Adjutant-General: Maj Gen the Hon Edward Pakenham
Military Secretary: Capt (brevet Lt Col) Lord FitzRoy Somerset
Commander, Royal Artillery: brevet Lt Col Alexander Dickson
Commander, Royal Engineers: Lt Col Howard Elphinstone
Army total: 48,765 (40,325 infantry, 6,490 cavalry, 1,950 artillery)
Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
---|---|---|
Light Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
3rd Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
3rd Brigade
|
| |
Cavalry Division
| Heavy Cavalry Brigade
| |
Light Cavalry Brigade
| ||
Unattached Cavalry Brigades
| Heavy Cavalry Brigade
| |
Heavy Cavalry Brigade
|
| |
Artillery
|
| |
Corps total: 14,625 (8,841 infantry, 3,834 cavalry, 1,950 artillery) |
Gen Manuel Freire [7]
Division | Regiments and Others | |
---|---|---|
Spanish 4th Division
|
| |
Spanish 5th Division
|
| |
Artillery |
| |
Corps total: 7,535 infantry |
Lt Gen Sir Rowland Hill
Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
---|---|---|
2nd Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
3rd Brigade
|
| |
Portuguese Brigade
|
| |
Portuguese Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
Spanish 1st Division
|
| |
Artillery |
| |
Corps total: 12,893 infantry |
Division [8] | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
---|---|---|
4th Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
Portuguese Brigade
|
| |
6th Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
Portuguese Brigade
|
| |
Cavalry
| 1st Hussar Brigade
| |
2nd Hussar Brigade
|
| |
Artillery |
| |
Corps total: 13,712 (11,056 infantry, 2,656 cavalry) |
Commander-in-Chief: Marshal Soult [10] [11]
Army total: 38,843 (31,793 infantry, 2,700 cavalry, 4,350 artillery)
Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
---|---|---|
1st Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
2nd Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
4th Division
| 1st Brigade |
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
5th Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
6th Division
| 1st Brigade |
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
8th Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
Reserve Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade |
| |
Cavalry Division
| 1st Brigade
|
|
2nd Brigade
|
| |
Auxiliaries
|
| |
Army total: 38,843 (31,793 infantry, 2,700 cavalry, 4,350 artillery) |
Field Marshal Sir Charles (Carl) August von Alten was a Hanoverian and British soldier who led the famous Light Division during the last two years of the Peninsular War. At the Battle of Waterloo, he commanded a division in the front line, where he was wounded. He later rose to the rank of Field Marshal in the Hanoverian Army.
The Battle of Toulouse was one of the final battles of the Napoleonic Wars, four days after Napoleon's surrender of the French Empire to the nations of the Sixth Coalition. Having pushed the demoralised and disintegrating French Imperial armies out of Spain in a difficult campaign the previous autumn, the Allied British-Portuguese and Spanish army under the Duke of Wellington pursued the war into southern France in the spring of 1814.
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton was a British Army officer and a general officer during the Napoleonic Wars.
General Julien Augustin Joseph Mermet fought in the Napoleonic Wars as a division commander in Italy and in the Peninsular War.
The Battle of Orthez saw the Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese Army under Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington attack an Imperial French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult in southern France. The outnumbered French repelled several Allied assaults on their right flank, but their center and left flank were overcome and Soult was compelled to retreat. At first the withdrawal was conducted in good order, but it eventually ended in a scramble for safety and many French soldiers became prisoners. The engagement occurred near the end of the Peninsular War.
The 13th Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army established in 1715. It saw service for three centuries including the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War and the First World War but then amalgamated with the 18th Royal Hussars, to form the 13th/18th Royal Hussars in 1922.
The Second Battle of Porto, also known as the Battle of the Douro or the Crossing of the Douro, was a battle in which General Arthur Wellesley's Anglo-Portuguese Army defeated Marshal Soult's French troops on 12 May 1809 and took back the city of Porto. After taking command of the British troops in Portugal on 22 April, Wellesley immediately advanced on Porto and made a surprise crossing of the Douro River, approaching Porto where its defences were weak. Soult's late attempts to muster a defence were in vain. The French quickly abandoned the city in a disorderly retreat.
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Eloi Charlemagne Taupin became a French soldier before the French Revolution and was killed in 1814 leading his division in battle against the British and the Spanish in southern France. After fighting in the French Revolutionary Wars, he was promoted to command an infantry regiment at the beginning of the First French Empire. He led the unit during the War of the Third Coalition in 1805. The following year he fought in the War of the Fourth Coalition. The year 1808 found him at Zaragoza in Spain where he was wounded. In 1809 he led a brigade during the War of the Fifth Coalition at Gefrees.
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This is the order of battle for the Battle of Vitoria.
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