Trần Cao

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Trần Cảo (陳暠, d. after 1525) was an early 16th-century Vietnamese rebel leader. Cảo born in Dưỡng Chân, Thuỷ Đường (present day Thuỷ Nguyên, Hải Phòng). [1] [2]

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Early life

Details of Cảo's early life are unknown except that he was a low-ranking mandarin of Lê Dynasty and he claimed himself the descendant of emperor Trần Thái Tông of Trần Dynasty and related with mother of Trần Thánh Tông, empress Quang Thục.

Trần Thái Tông was the first emperor of the Trần Dynasty, seated on the throne for 33 years (1226–58), being Grand Emperor for 19 years.

Trần Thánh Tông, given name Trần Hoảng (陳晃), was the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1258 to 1278. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Nhân Tông, Thánh Tông held the title Retired Emperor from 1279 to his death in 1290. During the second and the third Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, the Retired Emperor Thánh Tông and the Emperor Nhân Tông were credited as the supreme commanders who led the nation to the final victories and as a result established a long period of peace and prosperity over the country. With his successful ruling in both military and civil matters, Trần Thánh Tông was considered as one of the greatest emperors of not only the Trần dynasty but also the whole dynastic era in the History of Vietnam.

Rebellion

In March 1516, Cảo proclaimed himself "Đế Thích giáng trần" ("incarnation of Śakra") and recruited fighters at Quynh Lam Pagoda in Đông Triều, a religious site reputed to have miraculous powers. After shaving their heads, he marched them unopposed, ten thousand strong, through the Kinh Bac districts of Que Duong and Tiên Du down to the plains of Gia Lâm to Từ Liêm in Sơn Tây Province. In May 1516, Cảo's force captured Thăng Long and forced emperor Lê Chiêu Tông flee to Tay Do. Thereafter, the Lê loyalists attacked and recaptured Thăng Long and made Cảo retreat back to his Hai Duong-Kinh Bac border stronghold. Then, a long war was resulted between the Lê loyalists and Cảo's rebels.

Śakra (Buddhism) deity

Śakra is the ruler of the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven according to Buddhist cosmology. He is also referred to by the title "Śakra, Lord of the Devas". The name Śakra "powerful" as an epithet of Indra is found in several verses of the Rigveda.

Đông Triều is a county-level town (Vietnam) of Quảng Ninh Province in the north-eastern region of Vietnam. As of 2015 the district had a population of 173,141. The district covers an area of 397.2155 km². The town capital lies at Đông Triều Ward.

Tiên Du is a rural district of Bắc Ninh Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 131,118. The district covers an area of 108 km². The district capital lies at Lim.

Before 1525, the year of Trần Cảo rebellion's ultimate defeat, Cảo unexpectedly gave his commanding post to his son, Tran Cung (or Tran Thang), and then became a monk. From this point on, no further information was recorded about Trần Cảo.

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References

  1. ↑ Keith Weller Taylor, John K. Whitmore Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts1995 Page 128 "However, in the Hong-thuan (1509-1516) and Quang-thieu (1516-1522) periods, the state fell into many troubles. . . . Men like Trần Cảo and Trinh Tuy tore up the countryside. This Lê king, Cung-hoang-de, promised to set matters right."
  2. ↑ Thien Do Vietnamese Supernaturalism: Views from the Southern Region 2012 Page 54 "In 1516. Trần Cảo led an uprising in support of his claim to be a descendant of a Trần king and also a reincarnation of the god Indra. His army managed to capture the capital briefly and forced the Lê king to flee south.145 Trần Cảo's first base ..."
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