| Transmembrane protein 254 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | TMEM254 | ||||||
| Alt. symbols | C10orf57 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 80195 | ||||||
| HGNC | 25804 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_001270367 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q8TBM7 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 10 q22.3 | ||||||
| |||||||
Transmembrane protein 254 is a transmembrane protein that is encoded by the TMEM254 gene, it is predicted to have many orthologs across eukaryotes.
TMEM254 is located on the long arm of chromosome 10, open reading frame 57 on the positive strand. It is found at position 10q22.3. It has seven known transcript variants. [1]
This image shows the cytogenetic band of human chromosome 10 and the various gene locations on it. TMEM254 can be seen at the thin red band with the box around, placed at q22.3. [2]
TMEM254 consists of ten total exons and is 13,912 bp in length. [3]
Isoforms TMEM254 has 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [4]
| Isoform | Length | Mass (Da) |
| 1 | 123 | 14,243 |
| 2 | 84 | 9,692 |
| 3 | 103 | 12,068 |
The secondary structure of TMEM254 is predicted to consist of alternating pairs of alpha helices and beta sheets.
According to a human GEO profile and human and mouse EST profiles, TMEM254 appears to be expressed at a relatively high level in most tissues. [10] [11]
TMEM254 is highly expressed in reproductive structures, and a wide range of cells. These include, but are not limited to, thyroid gland, pancreas, kidney, skin, breasts, and testes.
There are no known paralogs for transmembrane protein 254, however it does have various orthologs within orthologs within eukaryotes. [12] The following table presents some of the orthologs found using searches in BLAST. [13] A comparison of a wide variety of known TMEM254 orthologs meant to display the diversity of species for which orthologs are found is listed in the table below: [14]
| Organism | Common Name | Divergence from Humans (MYA) | Accession Number | Sequence Length | Sequence Identity | Sequence Similarity | Notes |
| Homo sapiens | Humans | N/A | NP_001257296 | N/A | 100% | 100% | Mammalia |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | 6.40 | XP_003312695 | 6.4 | 99.3% | 99.3% | Mammalia |
| Rhinopithecus bieti | Black snub-nosed monkey | 28.1 | XP_011886260 | 28.1 | 95.2% | 97.3% | Mammalia |
| Chrysemys pictabellii | Painted Turtle | 320 | XP_008168753 | 320 | 46.3% | 57.8% | Reptilia |
| Esox lucius | Northern Pike | 320 | NP_001290628 | 432 | 45% | 60.4% | Actinopterygii |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American Alligator | 320 | KYO27663 | 320 | 43.3% | 56.7% | Reptilia |
| Nanorana parkeri | High Himalaya frog | 353 | XP_018428933 | 353 | 42.3% | 57.7% | Amphibia |
| Phaethon lepturus | White-tailed Tropicbird | 320 | XP_010286446 | 320 | 38.8% | 59.3% | Aves |
| Hippocampus comes | Tiger Tail Seahorse | 432 | XP_019737413 | 432 | 38.1% | 56.5% | Actinopterygii |
| Callorhinchus milii | Elephant Shark | 465 | XP_007897415 | 465 | 37.9% | 58.2% | Chondrichthyes |
| Patagioenas fasciata monilis | Band-tailed Pigeon | 320 | OPJ84646 | 320 | 36.7% | 59.9% | Aves |
| Saccaglossus kowalevskii | Acorn Worm | 627 | XP_006821285 | 627 | 31.8% | 51% | Enteropneusta |
Using various tools at ExPASy [15] the following are possible post-translational modifications for TMEM254.
Protein FAM214A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 214, A (FAM214A) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM214A gene. FAM214A is a gene with unknown function found at the q21.2-q21.3 locus on Chromosome 15 (human). The protein product of this gene has two conserved domains, one of unknown function (DUF4210) and another one called Chromosome_Seg. Although the function of the FAM214A protein is uncharacterized, both DUF4210 and Chromosome_Seg have been predicted to play a role in chromosome segregation during meiosis.
TMEM249 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C8orfk29 gene.
Chromosome 16 open reading frame 95 (C16orf95) is a gene which in humans encodes the protein C16orf95. It has orthologs in mammals, and is expressed at a low level in many tissues. C16orf95 evolves quickly compared to other proteins.
Uncharacterized protein C2orf73 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C2orf73 gene. The protein is predicted to be localized to the nucleus.
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 4, TMCO4, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMCO4 gene. Currently, its function is not well defined. It is transmembrane protein that is predicted to cross the endoplasmic reticulum membrane three times. TMCO4 interacts with other proteins known to play a role in cancer development, hinting at a possible role in the disease of cancer.
Transmembrane Protein 217 is a protein encoded by the gene TMEM217. TMEM217 has been found to have expression correlated with the lymphatic system and endothelial tissues and has been predicted to have a function linked to the cytoskeleton.
Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 58 (C21orf58) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf58 gene.
Transmembrane protein 44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene.
TMEM44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene. DKFZp686O18124 is a synonym of TMEM44.
Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 299 (CFAP299), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFAP299 gene. CFAP299 is predicted to play a role in spermatogenesis and cell apoptosis.
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf50 gene. C9orf50 has one other known alias, FLJ35803. In humans the gene coding sequence is 10,051 base pairs long, transcribing an mRNA of 1,624 bases that encodes a 431 amino acid protein.
Chromosome 1 open reading frame (C1orf167) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C1orf167 gene. The NCBI accession number is NP_001010881. The protein is 1468 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 162.42 kDa. The mRNA sequence was found to be 4689 base pairs in length.
C16orf90 or chromosome 16 open reading frame 90 produces uncharacterized protein C16orf90 in homo sapiens. C16orf90's protein has four predicted alpha-helix domains and is mildly expressed in the testes and lowly expressed throughout the body. While the function of C16orf90 is not yet well understood by the scientific community, it has suspected involvement in the biological stress response and apoptosis based on expression data from microarrays and post-translational modification data.
C1orf122 is a gene in the human genome that encodes the cytosolic protein ALAESM.. ALAESM is present in all tissue cells and highly up-regulated in the brain, spinal cord, adrenal gland and kidney. This gene can be expressed up to 2.5 times the average gene in its highly expressed tissues. Although the function of C1orf122 is unknown, it is predicted to be used for mitochondria localization.
Uncharacterized protein C17orf78 is a protein encoded by the C17orf78 gene in humans. The name denotes the location of the parent gene, being at the 78th open reading frame, on the 17th human chromosome. The protein is highly expressed in the small intestine, especially the duodenum. The function of C17orf78 is not well defined.
Chromosome 1 Opening Reading Frame 94 or C1orf94 is a protein in human coded by the C1orf94 gene. The function of this protein is still poorly understood.
TMEM275 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM275 gene. TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. It is predicted to reside within the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.
C2orf74, also known as LOC339804, is a protein encoding gene located on the short arm of chromosome 2 near position 15 (2p15). Isoform 1 of the gene is 19,713 base pairs long. C2orf74 has orthologs in 135 different species, including primarily placental mammals and some marsupials.
C6orf136 is a protein in humans encoded by the C6orf136 gene. The gene is conserved in mammals, mollusks, as well some porifera. While the function of the gene is currently unknown, C6orf136 has been shown to be hypermethylated in response to FOXM1 expression in Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue cells. Additionally, elevated expression of C6orf136 has been associated with improved survival rates in patients with bladder cancer. C6orf136 has three known isoforms.
Transmembrane protein 104 (TMEM104) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM104 gene. The aliases of TMEM104 are FLJ00021 and FLJ20255. Humans have a 163,255 base pair long gene coding sequence, 4703 base pair long mRNA, and 496 amino acid long protein sequence. In Eukaryotes, the TMEM104 gene is conserved.