Fazio–Londe disease (FLD), also called progressive bulbar palsy of childhood, is a very rare inherited motor neuron disease of children and young adults and is characterized by progressive paralysis of muscles innervated by cranial nerves. FLD, along with Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome (BVVL), are the two forms of infantile progressive bulbar palsy, a type of progressive bulbar palsy in children.
Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome, also known as blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual disability syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, eye abnormalities, and highly arched palate. It was characterized in 1971; eight cases had been identified as of 1995. To date, the amount of cases is disputed, with sources claiming the number ranges from 14 to 31.
Young–Simpson syndrome (YSS) is a rare congenital disorder with symptoms including hypothyroidism, heart defects, facial dysmorphism, cryptorchidism in males, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and postnatal growth retardation.
Tsukuhara syndrome, also known as Radioulnar synostosis-microcephaly-scoliosis syndrome is an infrequently occurring genetic skeletal dysplasia which is characterized by a combination of radioulnar synostosis, microcephaly, scoliosis, short height, and intellectual disabilities. Only 13 cases worldwide have been described in medical literature.
Cantú syndrome is a rare condition characterized by hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly. Less than 50 cases have been described in the literature; they are associated with a mutation in the ABCC9-gene that codes for the ABCC9-protein.
Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome is a very rare genetic and congenital disorder which is characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, V-esotropia, foot syndactyly, extra-ocular and frontal muscles weakness, low height/short stature, prognathism, and synophrys.
Lowry-Wood syndrome, also simply known as LWS, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by dysplasia of the epiphysis, low height/short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, and congenital nystagmus. Less common features include coxa vara and retinitis pigmentosa. Only 10 cases of this disorder have been described in medical literature. This disorder is associated with mutations in the RNU4ATAC gene, on chromosome 2q14.2
Absence of fingerprints-congenital milia syndrome, also known simply as Baird syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder which is characterized by a lack of fingerprints and the appearance of blisters and facial milia soon after birth. It has been described in ten families worldwide.
Deafness-vitiligo-achalasia syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital hearing loss, vitiligo, low height, muscle degeneration and achalasia. It was first discovered in 1971, when Rozycki et al., when they described two siblings of the opposite sex with the symptoms mentioned above. It is thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Aortic arch anomaly - peculiar facies - intellectual disability is a rare, genetic, congenital developmental anomaly which is characterized by heart abnormalities, cranio-facial dysmorphia, and intellectual disabilities. No new cases have been reported since 1968.
Brachial amelia, cleft lip, and holoprosencephaly, or Yim–Ebbin syndrome, is a very rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which is characterized by brachial amelia cleft lip, and forebrain defects such as holoprosencephaly. Approximately five cases of this disorder have been described in medical literature.
Thickened earlobes-conductive deafness syndrome, also known as Escher-Hirt syndrome, or Schweitzer Kemink Graham syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by ear and jaw abnormalities associated with progressive hearing loss. Two families worldwide have been described with the disorder.
Spondylocamptodactyly, also known as Spondylocamptodactyly syndrome, is a very rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which is characterized by the presence of camptodactyly, flattened vertebrae and thoracic scoliosis of varying degrees. It has been described in 5 members of a 3-generation Mexican family, It is thought to be inherited in an either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive with pseudodominance pattern.
Polydactyly-myopia syndrome, also known as Czeizel-Brooser syndrome, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by post-axial polydactyly on all 4 limbs and progressive myopia. Additional symptoms include bilateral congenital inguinal hernia and undescended testes. It has only been described in nine members of a 4-generation Hungarian family in the year 1986. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Brachydactyly-preaxial hallux varus syndrome, also known as 'Christian brachydactyly, is a rare congenital and genetic limb malformation syndrome which is characterized by hallux varus, brachydactyly type D and Morton's toe, alongside the adduction of said digits. Intellectual disabilities have also been reported. 10 cases have been described in medical literature.
Conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome, also known as Jackson Barr syndrome is a rare presumably autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by conductive hearing loss associated with external auditory canal-middle ear atresia which aggravates during ear infections, ptosis, and skeletal anomalies which consist of clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, radial head dislocation and internal rotation of the hips). Additional findings include thin nose, hair growth delays, and teeth dysplasia. It has been described in two American sisters.
Cyprus facial neuromusculoskeletal syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by a "mephistophelian" appearance consisting of a ridged, thick triangular skin fold extending from the glabella up into the anterior fontanel, alongside other symptoms such as hypertelorism, widow's peak, low-set ears, kyphoscoliosis congenita, congenital clubfoot, hip dislocation, and arthrogryposis. Additional findings include cataracts, decreased articular range of motion, ptosis, and ankylosis, and, less commonly, mild sensory deficits with muscle weakness and atrophy. It has been described in a large 3-generation Greek Cypriot family.
X-linked complicated corpus callosum dysgenesis is a genetic disorder characterized by dysplasia, hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum alongside variable intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia. Only 13 cases have been described in medical literature. Transmission is X-linked recessive. It is the mildest subtype of L1 syndrome.
Porencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-internal malformations syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome that mainly affects the central nervous system. It causes cardiac defects, brain anomalies, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. It has been reported in a pair of German siblings of the opposite sex born to consanguineous Turkish parents.
