Tuun K'ab' Hix

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Tuun Kʻabʻ Hix

Calakmul Wall Painting.jpg

Detail of a wall painting in Calakmul, probably depicting a king
Title King of Kaan
Spouse(s) Ix Ek' Naah [1]
Children Daughter

Tuun Kʻabʻ Hix[ pronunciation? ] (Cu Ix, Ku Ix, Kʻaltuun Hix[ pronunciation? ]; "Bound-Stone Jaguar") was a Maya king of the Kaan Kingdom.

Jaguar species of mammal

The jaguar is a wild cat species and the only extant member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas. The jaguar's present range extends from Southwestern United States and Mexico in North America, across much of Central America, and south to Paraguay and northern Argentina in South America. Though there are single cats now living within the Western United States, the species has largely been extirpated from the United States since the early 20th century. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List; and its numbers are declining. Threats include loss and fragmentation of habitat.

Maya civilization Mesoamerican civilization

The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system. The Maya civilization developed in an area that encompasses southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador. This region consists of the northern lowlands encompassing the Yucatán Peninsula, and the highlands of the Sierra Madre, running from the Mexican state of Chiapas, across southern Guatemala and onwards into El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain.

Contents

Reign

Tuun Kʻab Hix reigned from the year 520 to 546. He is known only from foreign references.

A source text is a text from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

A lintel at Yaxchilan describing the military successes of K'inich Tatbu Skull II records a captive from Kaan in AD 537 (the captive vassal of the Kaan ruler may have been a woman). [2]

Yaxchilan human settlement

Yaxchilan is an ancient Maya city located on the bank of the Usumacinta River in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. In the Late Classic Period Yaxchilan was one of the most powerful Maya states along the course of the Usumacinta River, with Piedras Negras as its major rival. Architectural styles in subordinate sites in the Usumacinta region demonstrate clear differences that mark a clear boundary between the two kingdoms.

Hostage person or entity which is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against certain acts of war

A hostage is a person who is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against war.

Vassal person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe

A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief. The term is applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies.

Stela 25 from Naranjo records the accession of Aj Wosal Chan K'inich in 546 under the auspices of Tuun Kʻabʻ Hix.

Maya stelae Intricately carved stone slabs made by the Pre-Columbian Maya

Maya stelae are monuments that were fashioned by the Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. They consist of tall, sculpted stone shafts and are often associated with low circular stones referred to as altars, although their actual function is uncertain. Many stelae were sculpted in low relief, although plain monuments are found throughout the Maya region. The sculpting of these monuments spread throughout the Maya area during the Classic Period, and these pairings of sculpted stelae and circular altars are considered a hallmark of Classic Maya civilization. The earliest dated stela to have been found in situ in the Maya lowlands was recovered from the great city of Tikal in Guatemala. During the Classic Period almost every Maya kingdom in the southern lowlands raised stelae in its ceremonial centre.

Naranjo

Naranjo is a Pre-Columbian Maya city in the Petén Basin region of Guatemala. It was occupied from about 500 B.C. to 950 A.D, with its height in the Late Classic Period. The site is part of Yaxha-Nakum-Naranjo National Park. The city lies along the Mopan and Holmul rivers, and is about 50 km east of the site of Tikal. Naranjo has been the victim of severe looting. The site is known for its polychrome ceramic style

The Kaan Kingdom was asserting its influence in the southern Maya lowlands and inaugurating the struggle for supremacy with its great rival Tikal.

Tikal Ruins of major ancient Maya city

Tikal is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centers of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the archaeological region of the Petén Basin in what is now northern Guatemala. Situated in the department of El Petén, the site is part of Guatemala's Tikal National Park and in 1979 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was probably during the reign of Tuun Kʻabʻ Hix that a ruler of El Resbalón declared himself to be a vassal of Kaan in 529, as the one clear date on the El Resbalón hieroglyphic stairway is 529. [3]

Maya script writing system of the Maya civilization

Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, was the writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially deciphered. The earliest inscriptions found which are identifiably Maya date to the 3rd century BCE in San Bartolo, Guatemala. Maya writing was in continuous use throughout Mesoamerica until the Spanish conquest of the Maya in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Family

Wife of Tuun Kʻabʻ Hix was Queen Ix Ekʻ Naah ("Lady Star House"). [4] [5]

In 520 their daughter traveled to La Corona to marry a lord of that site. [6]

Mother-in-law of Tuun Kʻabʻ Hix was Lady Bʻakabʻ. [7]

Related Research Articles

Women rulers in Maya society

During the 7th and 8th centuries in Mesoamerica, there was an evident shift in the roles women played in ancient Maya society as compared with the previous two centuries. It was during this time that there was a great deal of political complexity seen both in Maya royal houses as well as in the Maya area. Warfare was a significant factor in political competition and marriage was one of the ways that alliances were made between the different polities. This was accompanied by a shift in women's roles from wife and mother to playing integral parts in courtly life, such as participating in rituals involving the supernatural world and at times ruling individual polities.

Itzamnaaj Kʼawiil King of Dos Pilas

Itzamnaaj Kʼawiil was a Mayan king of Dos Pilas. He was the third known ruler of that place. He is also known as the Ruler 2 and Shield God K.

Uchaʼan Kʼin Bʼalam Mayan king of Dos Pilas

Uchaʼan Kʼin Bʼalam was the fourth Mayan king of Dos Pilas. He is also known as the Ruler 3, Master of Sun Jaguar, Scroll-head God K, Spangle-head and Jewelled-head. His title was "He of Five Captives".

Lachan Kʼawiil Ajaw Bot

Not to be confused with Ajaw Bʼot, king of Seibal.

Tok Casper was the first known king of Maya city-state Quiriguá in what is now Guatemala. He ruled 426–?. Casper took the throne when he was only thirteen, but ruled for 50 years. K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo', king of Copán, installed Tok Casper upon the throne.

Tutuum Yohl Kʼinich Mayan King

Tutuum Yohl Kʼinich was the second known king of Maya city-state Quiriguá in Guatemala.

Jade Sky King of a Maya civilization

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Yuknoom Chʼeen I

Yuknoom Chʼeen I was the first known Maya king of the Kaan Kingdom. He was maybe a father of King Tuun Kʼabʼ Hix.

Ix Ekʼ Naah Maya queen

Ix Ekʼ Naah, also known as the Snake Lady of Palenque, was a Maya queen of the Kaan kingdom in Campeche. She was a daughter of Lady Bʼakabʼ, wife of the King Tuun Kʼabʼ Hix and had a daughter who married one lord, Prince of La Corona.

Moral Reforma

Moral-Reforma is a Maya archaeological site in Mexico, about 70 miles (113 km) northeast of Palenque.

Ku Ix was the fourth dynastic ruler Copan. Ku Ix built a new phase of Temple 26 at the city, over the Motmot phase, nicknamed Papagayo.

Ruler 3 is the designated title for the third ruler of Copan after the reformation by K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo'.

Muyal Jol was the sixth ruler of Copan.

Ruler 5 is the designated title for the fifth ruler of Copan after the reformation by K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo'.

Bʼalam Nahn was the seventh ruler of Copan after the reformation initiated by Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ. His nicknames were Jaguar Mirror and Waterlily-Jaguar. Bʼalam Nehn was the first king to actually record his position in the dynastic succession, declaring that he was seventh in line from Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ. Stela 15 records that he was already ruling Copán by AD 504. Bʼalam Nehn is the only king of Copán to be mentioned in a hieroglyphic text from outside of the southeastern Maya region. His name appears in a text on Stela 16 from Caracol, a site in Belize. The stela dates to AD 534 but the text is not well understood. Bʼalam Nehn undertook major construction projects in the Acropolis, building over an early palace with a number of important structures.

Wil Ohl Kʼinich was the eighth ruler of the Maya city state Copan. He was nicknamed Head on Earth by archaeologists.

Sak-Lu was the ninth ruler of the Maya city state Copán.

Kʼakʼ Joplaj Chan Kʼawiil was installed as the 14th dynastic ruler of Copán on 7 June 738, 39 days after the execution of Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil. Little is known of his reign due to the lack of monuments raised after Quiriguá's surprise victory. Copán's defeat had wider implications due to the fracturing of the city's domain and the loss of the key Motagua River trade route to Quiriguá. The fall in Copán's income and corresponding increase at Quiriguá is evident from the massive commissioning of new monuments and architecture at the latter city and Copán may even have been subject to its former vassal. Kʼakʼ Joplaj Chan Kʼawiil died in January 749.

Nuun Ujol Kʼinich

Nuun Ujol Kʼinich, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He ruled sometime between 794 and 810 and he was probably father of Dark Sun.

References

  1. ↑ Maya kings and queens
  2. ↑ Martin and Grube 2008:104, 121
  3. ↑ Simon Martin; Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN   0-500-05103-8. OCLC   47358325.
  4. ↑ Simon Martin; Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN   0-500-05103-8. OCLC   47358325.
  5. ↑ Mayan kings and queens
  6. ↑ Article on Tuun K'ab' Hix on Mesoweb
  7. ↑ Tablet of the queen
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