The Tuvan National Orchestra reflects the complex history of the Republic of Tuva (sometimes spelled Tyva), a federal subject of Russia which sits at the southern edge of Siberia, with Mongolia to its south. Over the centuries, Tuva has been part of Chinese and Mongolian empires, and shares many cultural ties with Mongolia. In 1944 it joined the Soviet Union, and Tuva is now a constituent republic of the Russian Federation.
Formed in 2003 as the Tuvan National Orchestra of Traditional Instruments, the orchestra was originally directed by Aldar Tamdyn. It is now led by Conductor and Artistic Director Ayana Samiyaevna Mongush. In this unique orchestra, traditional Tuvan instruments are played alongside classical Western instruments and Soviet-era “hybrid” instruments. Orchestra members include musicians known in the West for their throatsinging (members of the groups Chirgilchin, Tyva Kyzy, and Alash), and Nikolai Damba.
The Tuvan People's Republic or TPR; known as the Tannu Tuva People's Republic until 1926, was a partially recognized state that existed between 1921 and 1944. It was formally a socialist republic and de facto a Soviet puppet state. The TPR was located in Tuva, covering the same territory, north-west of Mongolia, as was the previous 1914–1921 Tuvan protectorate of the former Russian Empire, and is now the Tuva Republic, an administrative part of Russia.
The Tuvans or Tyvans are a Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Siberia who live in Russia (Tuva), Mongolia, and China. They speak Tuvan, a Siberian Turkic language. In Mongolia they are regarded as one of the Uriankhai peoples.
Kyzyl is the capital city of the republic of Tuva, Russia. The name of the city means "red" or "crimson" in Tuvan. Its population was 120,067 (2021 Census);
Tuvan or Tyvan is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South-Central Siberia in Russia. The language has borrowed a great number of roots from the Mongolian language, Tibetan and the Russian language. There are small diaspora groups of Tuvan people that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in the People's Republic of China and in Mongolia.
Sainkho Namtchylak is a singer originally from Tuva, an autonomous republic in the Russian Federation just north of Mongolia. She is known for her Tuvan throat singing or Khöömei.
Tuva or Tyva, officially the Republic of Tuva, is a republic of Russia. Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the Altai Republic, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and Buryatia in Russia, and shares an international border with Mongolia to the south. Tuva has a population of 336,651. Its capital is the city of Kyzyl.
Maxim Monguzhukovich Munzuk was a Tuvan actor, one of the founders of the Republic of Tuva's regional theatre. He is best known for playing the title role in Akira Kurosawa's film Dersu Uzala.
The Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, or the Tuvan ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. It was created on 10 October 1961 from the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast. Its territory measured 175,000 square kilometers and bordered Mongolia to the south, Buryat ASSR to the east, Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast to the west and Khakas Autonomous Oblast to the north.
Tooruktug Dolgai Tañdym is a Tuvan folk song. It was first adopted in 1944 as the national anthem of the Tuvan People's Republic (TPR) when Tuva was an independent socialist republic recognised only by the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic. Later in the same year following the Soviet annexation of Tuva, the country was then incorporated into the USSR and thus became the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast (TAO). In 1961, the political status of the region was upgraded to the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, yet the anthem still remained.
Tuvan throat singing, the main technique of which is known as khoomei, is a style of singing practiced by people in Tuva. It is noted for including overtone singing. In 2009, it was included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO. The term hömey / kömey means throat and larynx in different Turkic languages. That could be borrowed from Mongolian khooloi, which means throat as well, driven from Proto-Mongolian word *koɣul-aj.
Valentina Suzukei is one of the leading ethnomusicologists in the Tyva Republic (Tuva), Russia.
The Tuvan People's Republic issued postage stamps between 1926 and 1936. They were popular with stamp collectors in the Western world in the mid-twentieth century because of the obscurity and exoticism of Tannu Tuva and the stamps' quirky, colorful designs. The validity of many stamps purportedly issued by Tannu Tuva has been questioned by philatelists.
The territory currently known as Tuva has been occupied by various groups throughout its history. Sources are rare and unclear for most of Tuva's early history. Archeological evidence indicates a Scythian presence possibly as early as the 9th century BC. Tuva was conquered relatively easily by the succession of empires which swept across the region. It was most likely held by various Turkic khanates until 1207. It was then ruled by various Mongol-led regimes until the 18th century, when it submitted to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Slow Russian colonization during the 19th century led to progressive annexation of the region to Russia in the 20th century. The region was then controlled by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union before finally joining the Russian Federation in 1992. Throughout this whole time, the borders of Tuva have seen very little modification.
"Men – Tyva men" is the regional anthem of the Republic of Tuva, a federal subject of Russia. It was composed by Kantomur Saryglar, and the lyrics were written by Okey Shanagash. It was adopted officially by the Great Khural on 11 August 2011, replacing the previous anthem Tooruktug Dolgay Tangdym.
The Tuvan Internationale is a socialist song set to a Tuvan traditional melody. It was the national anthem of the Tuvan People's Republic from 1921 to 1944. It is often incorrectly listed as the Tuvan language version of "The Internationale" despite the two songs having almost nothing in common aside from similar names. With a different melody and different lyrics, the only similarity between the two songs is the fact that they are about a Workers' International. Even then, however, The Internationale is about the First International whereas the Tuvan Internationale is about the Third International.
Uryankhay Krai was the name of what is today Tuva and was a short-lived protectorate of the Russian Empire that was proclaimed on 17 April 1914, created from the Uryankhay Republic which had recently proclaimed its independence from the Qing dynasty of China in the Mongolian Revolution of 1911. After the February Revolution and abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, Uryankhay Krai recognized the new Russian Republic and reaffirmed its status as a Russian protectorate in 1917.
The Tuvan People’s Republic entered World War II on the side of the Allied Powers, shortly after the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, breaking the non-aggression pact between the Soviet Union and Third Reich.
Vladislav Tovarishchtayovich Khovalyg is a Russian politician who is currently the 3rd Head of the Republic of Tuva since 7 April 2021. He is a member of the United Russia party.
Kuzhuget Sereyevich Shoigu, born Shoigu Sereyevich Kuzhuget was a Soviet Tuvan politician, journalist, and writer who served as a secretary of the Tuvan Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, first Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Tuvan ASSR. He was also the father of Sergei Shoigu and Larisa Shoigu.
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