Uitvoerend Bewind

Uitvoerend Bewind
Official costume of a member of the Uitvoerend Bewind of the Batavian Republic (1798)
Overview
Established	1798 (1798)
Dissolved	1801 (1801)
Country	Batavian Republic

The Uitvoerend Bewind (Dutch for Executive Council/Authority) was the name of the government of the Batavian Republic between 1798 and 1801. The president of the Uitvoerend Bewind was head of state of the Batavian Republic.

Unitarian Democrats

Following the French Revolution, the Patriots brought an end to the rule of stadtholder William V with support from the French army. ^[1] They proclaimed the Batavian Republic, and founded the National Assembly to draft a constitution. Its members disagreed about the extent of suffrage and about whether to organise the republic as a federal or unitary state. The Patriots had originally supported a federal state with autonomy for the provinces, but some wanted to emulate the unitary model of the French First Republic with a strong central government. A compromised constitution was rejected by the electorate in August 1797. ^[2]

The political group of unitarian democrats was dissatisfied with the prolonged debates, caused by the opposition to their ideas of the conservatives and moderates. Under the leadership of Pieter Vreede, the unitarian democrats engineered a coup d'état on 22 January 1798, with the help of general Herman Willem Daendels. National Assembly members favouring a unitary state were escorted to the chamber by the military, and they appointed the five-member executive Uitvoerend Bewind. This is considered to be the first Dutch government. ^[2] It soon became highly unpopular among their own supporters in the country.

Second Uitvoerend Bewind

A second coup followed on 12 June 1798, with the goal of removing the impopular rule. An interim government (the Intermediary Uitvoerend Bewind) was installed, which would reign until new elections would bring a new Representative Assembly, still under universal suffrage (This was replaced by census suffrage after the coup d'état of 1801). After the elections, a new Uitvoerend Bewind (also called the Constitutional Uitvoerend Bewind ^[3] ) was installed.

Between 1798 and 1801, the president of the Uitvoerend Bewind was the head of state of the Batavian Republic, and not as previously, the president of the Assembly. On 6 October 1801, a constitutional referendum was held. ^[4]

Members

Provisional

Name	Membership term		President term[ citation needed ]		Ref.
	Begin date	End date	Begin date	End date
Wybo Fijnje	23 January 1798	12 June 1798	25 February 1798	24 March 1798	[5]
Johan Pieter Fokker	24 January 1798	12 June 1798	25 May 1798	12 June 1798	[6]
Stefanus Jacobus van Langen	23 January 1798	12 June 1798	25 March 1798	24 April 1798	[7]
Pieter Vreede	23 January 1798	12 June 1798	25 January 1798	24 February 1798	[8]
Berend Wildrik	23 January 1798	12 June 1798	25 April 1798	24 May 1798	[9]

Intermediary

Name	Membership term		Ref.
	Begin date	End date
Alexander Gogel	13 June 1798	17 August 1798	[10]
Abraham Jacques de la Pierre	13 June 1798	17 August 1798	[11]
Gerrit Jan Pijman	13 June 1798	17 August 1798	[12]
Jacob Spoors	13 June 1798	17 August 1798	[13]
Reinier Willem Tadama	13 June 1798	17 August 1798	[14]

Constitutional

Name	Membership term		President term[ citation needed ]		Ref.
	Begin date	End date	Begin date	End date
Augustijn Gerhard Besier	5 June 1799	17 October 1801	17 July 1799	16 August 1799	[15]
			17 December 1799	16 January 1800
			17 May 1800	16 June 1800
			17 October 1800	16 November 1800
			17 March 1801	16 April 1801
			17 August 1801	16 September 1801
François Ermerins	10 August 1798	19 September 1801	17 October 1798	16 November 1798	[16]
			17 March 1799	16 April 1799
			17 August 1799	16 September 1799
			17 January 1800	16 February 1800
			17 June 1800	16 July 1800
			17 November 1800	16 December 1800
			17 April 1801	16 May 1801
			17 September 1801	16 October 1801
Anthonie Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte	10 August 1798	17 October 1801	17 November 1798	16 December 1798	[17]
			17 April 1799	16 May 1799
			17 September 1799	16 October 1799
			17 February 1800	16 March 1800
			17 July 1800	16 August 1800
			17 December 1800	16 January 1801
			17 May 1801	16 June 1801
			17 October 1801	17 October 1801
Joannes Willem van Hasselt	10 August 1798	11 June 17999	17 September 1798	16 October 1798	[18]
			17 February 1799	16 March 1799
Albert Willem Hoeth	10 August 1798	9 June 1801	17 August 1798	16 September 1798	[19]
			17 January 1799	16 February 1799
			17 June 1799	16 July 1799
			17 November 1799	16 December 1799
			17 April 1800	16 May 1800
			17 September 1800	16 October 1800
			17 February 1801	16 March 1801
Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff	31 August 1798	1 June 1800	17 December 1798	16 January 1799	[20]
			17 May 1799	16 June 1799
			17 October 1799	16 November 1799
			17 March 1800	16 April 1800
Gerrit Jan Pijman	4 June 1801	17 October 1801	17 July 1801	16 August 1801	[21]
Jean Henri van Swinden	4 June 1800	19 September 1801	17 August 1800	16 September 1800	[22]
			17 January 1801	16 February 1801
			17 June 1801	16 July 1801

References

1. Habben Jansen, Eddy (2021). Nederlandse politiek voor Dummies[Dutch politics for dummies] (in Dutch) (2nd ed.). Amersfoort: BBNC Uitgevers. p. 41. ISBN   978-90-453-5791-1.
2. Slotboom, Ruud; Verkuil, Dik (2010). De Nederlandse politiek in een notendop[Dutch politics in a nutshell] (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker. pp. 12–13. ISBN   978-90-351-3561-1.
3. "Uitvoerend Bewind (Constitutioneel) van de Bataafse Republiek". Repertorium van Ambtenaren en Ambtsdragers (in Dutch).
4. Batavische Republik (Niederlande), 6. Oktober 1801 : Verfassung Direct Democracy
5. "Wybo Finje". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
6. "dr. Johan Pieter Fokker". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
7. "Stefanus Jacobus van Langen". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
8. "Pieter Vreede". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
9. "mr. Berend Wildrik". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
10. "Isaac Jan Alexander Gogel". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
11. "mr. Abraham Jacques de la Pierre". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
12. "Gerrit Jan Pijman". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
13. "Jacob Spoors". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
14. "Reinier Willem Tadama". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
15. "mr. Augustijn Gerhard Besier". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
16. "mr. François Ermerins". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
17. "Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert baron van Haersolte". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
18. "Joannes Willem van Hasselt". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
19. "mr. Albert Willem Hoeth". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
20. "Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
21. "Gerrit Jan Pijman". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.
22. "prof.dr. Jean Henri van Swinden". Repertorium van ambtsdragers en ambtenaren 1428-1861 (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 March 2025.