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The Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA) (French : L'Association ukrainienne-canadienne des droits civils (AU-CDC)) is a Ukrainian organization in Canada. Established in 1986 after the Civil Liberties Commission (affiliated with the Ukrainian Canadian Congress) was disbanded, [1] its members – all of whom are volunteers – have been particularly active in championing the cause of recognition, restitution and reconciliation with respect to Canada's first national internment operations, [1] [2] [3] [4] helping secure a redress settlement in 2008 with the Government of Canada along with the Ukrainian Canadian Congress and the Taras Shevchenko Foundation. [2] [5] They have also challenged unfounded allegations about the supposed presence of "Nazi war criminals" hiding in Canada, [1] [6] [7] and documented the presence of veterans of the NKVD, SMERSH, and KGB in Canada. [8] The first chairman of the CLC/UCCLA was John B. Gregorovich, a lawyer. [9] The last chairman was Roman Zakaluzny. He resigned in September 2024. The immediate past president, and UCCLA's last founding member, was Dr Lubomyr Luciuk, who resigned from UCCLA on 6 November 2024. [3]
UCCLA's members met annually during conclaves held in different cities across the country, [10] often co-ordinating their meeting dates with the unveiling of trilingual historical markers commemorating the internment operations at different camp locations [3] or otherwise recalling important individuals or events in Ukrainian and Ukrainian Canadian history.[ citation needed ] The association and its supporters have also placed two dozen trilingual markers and four statues across Canada, [9] [11] in Ukraine [7] [12] and in France [13] honouring the Ukrainian Canadian Victoria Cross recipient, Cpl Filip Konowal; [14] recalling the contributions of Ukrainian Canadian servicemen and women during the Second World War (London, England); [15] [16] and honouring the Welsh journalist, Gareth Jones, reported on the famine of 1932–33.[ citation needed ] UCCLA has also commissioned a number of articles and books that have been distributed internationally dealing with the famine,[ citation needed ] Anglo-American perspectives on the question of Ukraine's independence,[ citation needed ] the Ukrainian nationalist movement before, during and after the Second World War, [17] and Soviet military operations. [18] [ citation needed ] In 2003–2004, UCCLA campaigned to have the 1932 Pulitzer Prize of Walter Duranty, the New York Times correspondent in Moscow from 1922 to 1934, revoked. Duranty wrote in 1933, during the Great Famine, that "there was no famine" and criticized articles by other Western journalists as "failed predictions of doom for the Soviets". [19]
In 2010 UCCLA strove to ensure that all 12 galleries in the publicly funded Canadian Museum for Human Rights were thematic, comparative and inclusive – rather than elevating the suffering of any one or two communities above all others. To that end the association distributed thousands of protest postcards nationally and published a notice raising their concerns in The Hill Times (31 January 2011). Some of UCCLA's critics have tried to censure or even call for the silencing of its voice in the public debate over the proposed contents and governance of the tax payer funded Canadian Museum for Human Rights. One of UCCLA's other recent campaigns (February 2016) involved an appeal to the then-Minister of Canadian Heritage, the Honourable Mélanie Joly, requesting her intervention to help save and re-consecrate the internment camp cemetery at Spirit Lake (La Ferme), Quebec. That internee cemetery remains abandoned and in ever-deteriorating condition, despite being a unique Canadian historical site.
UCCLA was a volunteer organization supported by the donations and efforts of thousands of Canadians of Ukrainian heritage.
Some of the books and pamphlets published with the support of the UCCLA include:
Walter Duranty was an Anglo-American journalist who served as Moscow bureau chief of The New York Times for fourteen years (1922–1936) following the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War (1918–1921).
Filip Konowal VC was a highly decorated Ukrainian Canadian soldier. He is the first Canadian Corps member not born in the British Empire to be awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy given to British and Commonwealth forces. He was also entitled to the Cross of St George, 4th Class.
The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Famine, was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union.
Ukrainian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Ukrainian descent or Ukrainian-born people who immigrated to Canada.
The Deschênes Commission, officially known as the Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals in Canada, was established by the government of Canada in February 1985 to investigate claims that Canada had become a haven for Nazi war criminals. Headed by retired Superior Court of Quebec judge Jules Deschênes, the commission delivered its report in December 1986, after almost two years of hearings.
The Ukrainian Canadian internment was part of the confinement of "enemy aliens" in Canada during and for two years after the end of the First World War. It lasted from 1914 to 1920, under the terms of the War Measures Act.
Jules C. E. Riotte, was a German-born priest of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Nicholas in Chicago, and a researcher at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in Honolulu. He was born in Dresden, Germany of mixed French and Lusatian Sorb heritage. During the Second World War, he was active in the resistance movement against the Nazis and he was briefly interned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. As a POW, he was sent to Great Britain and worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation as a translator of German and Slavic languages.
Gareth Richard Vaughan Jones was a Welsh journalist who in March 1933 first reported in the Western world, without equivocation and under his own name, the existence of the Soviet famine of 1930–1933, including the Holodomor.
Holodomor denial is the claim that the Holodomor, a 1932–33 man-made famine that killed millions in Soviet Ukraine, did not occur or diminishing its scale and significance.
Vasyl Stepanovych Kuk was a Ukrainian nationalist activist and militant who was the last leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, following the death of Roman Shukhevych. In 1954, he was captured by Soviet KGB troops and spent six years in prison without a court sentence.
Lubomyr Yaroslav Luciuk is a Canadian academic and author of books and articles in the field of political geography and Ukrainian history. He is currently a full professor at the Royal Military College of Canada. and a Senior Research Fellow of the Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Toronto.
Collectivization in Ukraine during the period when it was part of the Soviet Union, and was officially called the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, was part of the policy of collectivization in the USSR and dekulakization. It was pursued between 1928 and 1933 with the purpose to consolidate individual land and labour into collective farms called kolkhoz and to eliminate enemies of the working class. The idea of collective farms was seen by peasants as a revival of serfdom.
Eaton Internment Camp, although short-lived, was one of twenty-four official internment facilities created in Canada to accommodate prisoners of war during the period from 1914 to 1920. It was the only facility of its kind in the province of Saskatchewan.
The Castle Mountain Internment Camp, located in Banff National Park, Alberta, was the largest internment facility in the Canadian Rockies, housing several hundred prisoners at any one time. Established on July 13, 1915, a total of 660 enemy aliens were interned at the facility during its entire operation.
The Limestone Press is a one-man publishing house, established in 1972 by historian Richard Pierce (1918–2004). Pierce lived and worked at that time in Kingston, Ontario, and he chose the name from the nickname of Kingston, the “Limestone City”, which has its origins in its many limestone buildings. He published mainly books on Alaska’s history, mostly concerning its Russian era, but also on Ukrainian and African and other topics, as well as books dealing with Kingston's history.
The proper handling of war criminals in Canada with regard to criminal prosecution or extradition has been the subject of ongoing debate.
St. Andrew Memorial Church is a Ukrainian Orthodox cathedral on Main Street, in South Bound Brook, New Jersey, United States. It is the mother church of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA.
The Ukrainian Association of Washington State (UAWS) (Ukrainian: Асоціація українців штату Вашингтон, formerly The Ukrainian American Club of Washington Ukrainian: Українсько - Американський клуб Вашингтону) is a regional non-profit organization that represents cultural and social interests of Americans of Ukrainian origin, promotes understanding between Americans and Ukrainians, and supports Ukrainian cultural and scientific centers worldwide.
Lancelot Francis Lawton was a British historian, military officer, scholar of Ukrainian studies, activist, and international political journalist who reported from Japan and the Soviet Union. He authored books about the Russian Revolution and the economic history of Soviet Russia. In the early 1930s, he contributed to the formation of pro-Ukrainian public opinion in the British society with his reports and articles about Ukraine. He was one of the founders and active participants in the Anglo-Ukrainian Committee established in 1935.
An Internment Camp in Vernon, BC was established to hold enemy aliens and POWs during the First World War. Once Canada entered World War I, fears of enemy aliens on the home front began to arise. To combat this, the Canadian Government implemented the War Measures Act which gave them the authority to intern and disenfranchise enemy aliens living in Canada. Approximately 8,500 enemy aliens were interned across Canada, with majority of the 24 camps located around the Rocky Mountains and large population centres in Ontario. Vernon housed the permanent camp in British Columbia, operating from September 18, 1914, to February 20, 1920.