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The Riigikogu is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power.
Estonia elects a legislature on the national level. The Riigikogu has 101 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation with a 5% electoral threshold. A head of state – the president – is elected for a five-year term by parliament or an electoral college. Locally, Estonia elects local government councils, which vary in size. Election law states the minimum size of a council depending on the size of municipality. Local government councils are elected by proportional representation too.
Tunne-Väldo Kelam is an Estonian politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Estonia. He is a member of the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union, part of the European People's Party.
The president of the Republic of Estonia is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. The current president is Alar Karis, elected by Parliament on 31 August 2021, replacing Kersti Kaljulaid.
Jaan Tõnisson was an Estonian statesman, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920, as State Elder from 1927 to 1928 and in 1933, and as Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932.
The Constitution of Estonia is the fundamental law of the Republic of Estonia and establishes the state order as that of a democratic republic where the supreme power is vested in its citizens. The first Constitution was adopted by the freely elected Estonian Constituent Assembly on 15 June 1920 and came into force on 21 December 1920. Heavily amended on 24 January 1934, following a referendum in 1933, it was in force until the second Constitution was enacted on 1 January 1938. It remained in force, de facto, until 16 June 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied Estonia and, de jure, until 28 June 1992, when the third and current Constitution of the Republic of Estonia was adopted by referendum.
The 90th Anniversary of Estonian Republic is an official government program for the celebration of the Republic of Estonia's 90th anniversary. It is currently the largest and longest Estonian Independence Day celebration event which is entirely funded by the Government of Estonia. The celebrations started on 28 November 2007 and finished on 28 November 2008 with the opening of the Estonian War of Independence Victory Column on the Freedom Square of Tallinn.
Ülo Nugis was an Estonian politician and economist. As Speaker of the Supreme Council of Estonia on 20 August 1991, he presided over the Supreme Council's historic session when it voted for the restoration of Estonia's national independence from the Soviet Union.
II Riigikogu was the second legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1923 elections. It sat between 31 May 1923 and 14 June 1926, before the next round of elections were held.
III Riigikogu was the third legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1926 elections. It sat between 15 June 1926 and 14 June 1929, before the next round of elections were held.
IV Riigikogu was the fourth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1929 elections. It sat between 15 June 1929 and 14 June 1932, before the next round of elections were held.
V Riigikogu was the fifth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1932 elections. It sat between 15 June 1932 and 2 October 1934, when its activities were suspended. The session formally ended on 31 December 1937.
VIII Riigikogu was the eighth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1995 election.
IX Riigikogu was the ninth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1999 election.
X Riigikogu was the tenth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 2003 election.
XI Riigikogu was the eleventh legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 2007 election.
XII Riigikogu was the twelfth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 2011 election.
XIII Riigikogu was the thirteenth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 2015 election.
XIV Riigikogu is the fourteenth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 2019 election.
The Estonian presidential election is an indirect election in which the President of Estonia is elected. The first round was held on August 26, 1996, the second and third round on August 27, 1996. As no one reached a sufficient majority in the closed ballot vote of the Riigikogu, the next stage was held on September 20 at the Constituent Assembly. Seated President Lennart Meri was elected for a further term.
References
- 1 2 "Varasemad valimised - Arhiiv - Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon". www.vvk.ee. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ "Members of first Riigikogu to follow independence restoration reunite". ERR. 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
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