Vicente Reyes was born in Santiago, the son of Manuel Reyes Saravia and of Mercedes Palazuelos Astaburiaga. He completed his studies in the Instituto Nacional and at the Universidad de Chile, where he graduated as a lawyer in 1858 with a thesis about the copyright of literary works. By 1856 he was already well known in the literary circles of the time and as a journalist of the El Ferrocarril newspaper and the La Semana magazine. In 1857 he joined the civil service as section chief at the Ministry of the Interior and later at the Ministry of Public Instruction, where he remained until 1861, when he was elected as alternate deputy for Ovalle for the period 1861–1864. He also became a professor at the School of Law of the Universidad de Chile and was one of the original members of the Chilean Academy of Language.
On June 15, 1863 he married Luisa Solar Valdés and together they had 10 children. In 1869 he was elected president of the Club de la Reforma, the historical nucleus of the Liberal party. He was elected deputy (this time representing Talca) for the period 1870-1873 and reelected to congress as a deputy for Valparaíso for the period 1876-1879 and 1879–1882. President Aníbal Pinto designed him Minister of the Interior, a position he held from October 27, 1877 to August 5, 1878.
In 1885, he was elected Senator for Coquimbo for the period 1885–1891; and was one of the principal supporters of the presidential bid of José Francisco Vergara, who went on to lose the party nomination to José Manuel Balmaceda. On June 5, 1889 was elected President of the Senate; position he resigned shortly after and was one of the few senators who refused to sign the Act of Destitution of President Balmaceda; and did not participate in the 1891 Chilean Civil War. In 1894, President Jorge Montt asked him to head a coalition cabinet, but he refused.
Reyes was reelected a Senator (for Santiago this time) for the period 1891–1897, was elected President of the Senate on April 26, 1895 and again on August 25, 1909. For the 1896 presidential election, the Liberal party named him their candidate. He lost to Federico Errázuriz Echaurren by only two electoral votes. He was reelected a Senator for the periods 1897–1903, 1903–1909, 1909–1915 and 1915–1921, but died in Santiago before completing his last period, of Bronchopneumonia at the age of 83 in 1918.
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren was a Chilean politician who served as the 12th president of Chile.
Jorge Montt Álvarez was a vice admiral in the Chilean Navy and president of Chile from 1891 to 1896.
José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández served as the 10th President of Chile from September 18, 1886, to August 29, 1891. Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile. While he was president, his political disagreements with the Chilean congress led to the 1891 Chilean Civil War, following which he shot and killed himself.
Presidential elections were held in Chile in 1896. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the election of Federico Errázuriz Echaurren as President. However, the elections were marred by controversy, and there had to be a confirmation in Congress to satisfy Errázuriz's opponents.
The Conservative Party of Chile was one of the principal Chilean political parties since its foundation in 1836 until 1948, when it broke apart. In 1953 it reformed as the United Conservative Party and in 1966 joined with the Liberal Party to form the National Party. The Conservative Party was a right-wing party, originally created to be the clericalist, pro-Catholic Church group.
The Liberal Party was a Chilean political party created by a faction of pipiolos in 1849. After the conservative victory in the Chilean Civil War of 1829 the liberals became the principal opposition party to the Conservative Party. During the Liberal Party's early history one of its main goal was to create a new constitution to replace the Chilean Constitution of 1833. Rigged election helped to prevent the Liberal Party's presidential candidates to be elected until 1861, during that time elements of the liberal party made attempts to overthrow the government, these were the Revolution of 1851 and the Revolution of 1859. These failed insurrections led many liberals to emigrate, among them Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna. In 1863 a group of liberal split off to form the Radical Party which would hold power from 1938 to 1952. Originally an anticlericalist party that championed classical liberalism, the liberals later became a right-wing party.
Melchor de Santiago-Concha y Toro, known as Melchor Concha y Toro was a Chilean businessman, lawyer, and politician, and Marquess of Casa Concha by the Spanish Crown.
The Parliamentary Era in Chile began in 1891, at the end of the Civil War, and spanned until 1925 and the establishment of the 1925 Constitution. Also called "pseudo-parliamentary" period or "Parliamentary Republic", this period was thus named because it established a quasi-parliamentary system based on the interpretation of the 1833 Constitution following the defeat of President José Manuel Balmaceda during the Civil War. As opposed to a "true parliamentary" system, the executive was not subject to the legislative power but checks and balances of executive over the legislature were weakened. The President remained the head of state but its powers and control of the government were reduced. The Parliamentary Republic lasted until the 1925 Constitution drafted by President Arturo Alessandri and his minister José Maza. The new Constitution created a presidential system, which lasted, with several modifications, until the 1973 coup d'état.
The Liberal Democratic Party, also called Balmacedists, was a liberal party in Chile. It was one of the main actors of the Chilean parliamentary system from 1891 to 1925.
After the 1891 Chilean Civil War and the dissolution of the coalition between conservatives, radicals and antibalmacedist liberals the Radical Party, the Democrat Party and several liberal organizations formed the Liberal Alliance. It was the main opposer of the Coalition. Along with the Coalition, it was one of the two parties of the bipartisan system of that period, the era of the Chilean parliamentary republic. The Alliance would later be called the Liberal Union, during a period in which it was a union of the radicals, the democrats and all liberal groups. It disappeared in 1925.
Fernando Alessandri Rodríguez was a Chilean political figure, candidate of the centre-right in Chile's 1946 presidential election. He was the son of Arturo Alessandri, who was president from 1920 to 1925 and again from 1932 to 1938, and brother of Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez, who was president from 1958 to 1964.
Manuel Martín José Recabarren Rencoret was a Chilean political figure and liberal politician. He served several times as minister.
Aníbal Zañartu Zañartu was a Chilean political figure. He served several times as minister and, for a brief time, as vice president in 1901. He was a member of the Liberal Party.
Ismael Tocornal y Tocornal, GCMG was a Chilean politician and diplomat, and the first Governor of the Central Bank of Chile.
José Rafael del Carmen Balmaceda Fernández was a Chilean politician, diplomat and brother of President José Manuel Balmaceda. He was of Basque descent.
Enrique Víctor Aquiles Balmaceda Toro was a Chilean politician, diplomat and son of President José Manuel Balmaceda. He was of Basque descent and a member of the Balmaceda family.
José Antonio Gandarillas Luco was a Chilean lawyer and Liberal politician.
Ricardo Cruzat Hurtado (1845–1905) was a Chilean lawyer and politician. He was minister of foreign affairs (1891) under President Jose Manuel Balmaceda and minister of finance (1902–1903). He was a member of the Chilean Chamber of Deputies from 1894–1897.
Vicente Grez Yávar was a Chilean politician, journalist, and writer.
Prudencio Lazcano Echaurren was a Chilean lawyer, farmer, and politician. He served as ambassador, mayor and minister during the government of José Manuel Balmaceda.
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