39°48.848′N77°15.019′W / 39.814133°N 77.250317°W | |
Location | East of Spangler Woods, Gettysburg National Military Park |
---|---|
Designer | Frederick William Sievers |
Type | Statue |
Material | Bronze and granite |
Beginning date | 1913 |
Opening date | 1917 June 8 |
The Virginia Monument, [1] also commonly referred to as "The State of Virginia Monument", is a Battle of Gettysburg memorial to the commonwealth's "Sons at Gettysburg" with a bronze statue of Robert E. Lee on his horse Traveller and a "bronze group of figures representing the Artillery, Infantry, and Cavalry of the Confederate Army". [2] : 17 The equestrian statue is atop a granite pedestal and the group of six standing figures is on a sculpted bronze base with the figures facing the Field of Pickett's Charge and the equestrian statue of Union General George G. Meade on Cemetery Ridge. [1] The granite pedestal without either sculpture was dedicated on June 30, 1913 for the 1913 Gettysburg reunion. [3] On June 8, 1917, Virginia governor Henry C. Stuart presented the completed memorial to the public.
The Virginia Monument is located on West Confederate Avenue on the Southwest side of Gettysburg National Park. The monument consists of three different parts: a bronze General Robert E. Lee perched on his horse, Traveller; a granite pedestal with inscriptions; and a bronze group of Confederate soldiers at the base of the monument. The monument in its entirety stands at 41 feet tall, the section of Robert E. Lee and the horse standing at 14 feet tall and the granite pedestal standing at 16 feet tall. [4] Below Lee, who is shown looking toward the distant Union lines, are seven Confederate soldiers. The men are meant to represent individuals who left various occupations to join the Confederate army: "a professional man, a mechanic, an artist, a boy, a business man, a farmer, and a youth." [5] According to a description published at the time that sculpture was completed, "the shattered cannon, broken wheel, discarded knapsack, swab and exploded shells which are scattered at the feet of the seven men would indicate that the place had been the scene of some desperate engagement, while the attitude of each of the character shows defensive, rather than offensive action." [4]
Gettysburg National Military Park is a 3,500 acre historic park that is administered by the National Park Service to commemorate the battle of Gettysburg. The site also contains the Gettysburg National Cemetery. [6]
The National Park Service states that "the Virginia Monument was the first Southern state monument placed on the Gettysburg battlefield. Dedicated in 1917, it is located near the spot where Robert E. Lee watched the repulse of Pickett's Charge on July 3, 1863." [7]
The Gettysburg National Park Commission (GNPC) was entrusted with the erection of a monument for the troops of Virginia that participated in the Battle of Gettysburg. The Commission instructed Thomas Smith, Secretary of Virginia Gettysburg Commission (VGC), to report to Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War, that the location site of the Memorial would be in the Confederate line of battle known as "Spangler Woods"[ citation needed ]
In an extensive correspondence between Thomas Smith and John P. Nicolson, the Chairman of GNPC, the memorial's form and inscription were debated. Smith proposed that the inscription should state "VIRGINIA TO HER SOLDIERS AT GETTYSBURG. THEY FOUGHT FOR THE FAITH OF THEIR FATHERS." [8] After multiple meetings with the entirety of the GNPC, Smith and Nicolson agreed to change the inscription to "VIRGINIA TO HER SONS AT GETTYSBURG" and to substitute the Virginia State flag in place of the Confederate flag. [9] [10]
The Memorial was commissioned on March 9, 1908 and cost $50,000 at the time (in 2023 equating to about $850,000). The monument, with the exception of the sculptures of Robert E. Lee and the seven Confederate soldiers, was fully installed in 1913, and was dedicated at the 50th anniversary of the Gettysburg battle (1913). [11] The statue was completed with the two sculptures in 1917, and was unveiled by Miss Virginia Carter, General E. Lee's niece, in tandem with Henry C. Stuart, the governor of Virginia at a ceremony hosted by the Gettysburg National Military Park. [12]
The contract for the design of the Virginia Memorial was awarded to Frederick William Sievers. Sievers was not known for equestrian statues, yet his design was exhibited in Richmond, Virginia and thoroughly impressed John P. Nicolson, Chairman of the GNPC.[ citation needed ]
Sievers sought to produce a work that memorialized all of those who dedicated their lives to the Confederate army. Sievers found that the majority of Civil War monuments did not accurately reflect the range of soldiers who served. Sievers aimed to shift the focus from military generals and lieutenants to lower ranking soldiers. [13]
Sievers produced many Civil War monuments for prominent locations after the success of the Virginia Monument.[ citation needed ]
In September 2022, the National Park Service worked to preserve the Virginia Memorial. The preservation project included the replacement of an old patina with a newer patina that resembled a close relation to the finish of the original construction of the Memorial.[ citation needed ]
An equestrian statue is a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, from the Latin eques, meaning 'knight', deriving from equus, meaning 'horse'. A statue of a riderless horse is strictly an equine statue. A full-sized equestrian statue is a difficult and expensive object for any culture to produce, and figures have typically been portraits of rulers or, in the Renaissance and more recently, military commanders.
John Quincy Adams Ward was an American sculptor, whose most familiar work is his larger than life-size standing statue of George Washington on the steps of Federal Hall National Memorial in New York City.
James Edward Kelly was an American sculptor and illustrator who specialized in depicting people and events of American wars, particularly the American Civil War.
General Philip Sheridan is a bronze sculpture that honors Civil War general Philip Sheridan. The monument was sculpted by Gutzon Borglum, best known for his design of Mount Rushmore. Dedicated in 1908, dignitaries in attendance at the unveiling ceremony included President Theodore Roosevelt, members of the President's cabinet, high-ranking military officers and veterans from the Civil War and Spanish–American War. The equestrian statue is located in the center of Sheridan Circle in the Sheridan-Kalorama neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The bronze statue, surrounded by a plaza and park, is one of eighteen Civil War monuments in Washington, D.C., which were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The sculpture and surrounding park are owned and maintained by the National Park Service, a federal agency of the Interior Department.
The George Gordon Meade Memorial, also known as the Meade Memorial or Major General George Gordon Meade, is a public artwork in Washington, D.C. honoring George Meade, a career military officer from Pennsylvania who is best known for defeating General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg. The monument is sited on the 300 block of Pennsylvania Avenue NW in front of the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse. It was originally located at Union Square, but was removed and placed in storage for fourteen years before being installed at its current location. The statue was sculpted by Charles Grafly, an educator and founder of the National Sculpture Society, and was a gift from the state of Pennsylvania. Prominent attendees at the dedication ceremony in 1927 included President Calvin Coolidge, Governor John Stuchell Fisher, Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, and Senator Simeon D. Fess.
The Pennsylvania State Memorial is a monument in Gettysburg National Military Park that commemorates the 34,530 Pennsylvania soldiers who fought in the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. The memorial stands along Cemetery Ridge, the Union battle line on July 2, 1863. Completed in 1914, it is the largest of the state monuments on the Gettysburg Battlefield.
Major General Marquis Gilbert de Lafayette is a statue in the southeast corner of Lafayette Square, in Washington, D.C., near the junction of Pennsylvania Avenue with Madison Place and close to the White House. The statue was erected in 1891 to honor Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette and his contribution in the American Revolutionary War. The square, originally part of the President's Park, was named in honor of the Marquis in 1824. The statuary was made by Alexandre Falguière and Antonin Mercié, and the architect who designed the marble pedestal was Paul Pujol..
Jakob Otto Schweizer was a Swiss-American sculptor noted for his work on war memorials.
Major General George Henry Thomas, also known as the Thomas Circle Monument, is an equestrian sculpture in Washington, D.C. that honors Civil War general George Henry Thomas. The monument is located in the center of Thomas Circle, on the border of the downtown and Logan Circle neighborhoods. It was sculpted by John Quincy Adams Ward, best known for his work on the statue of George Washington in Wall Street, Manhattan. Attendees at the dedication in 1879 included President Rutherford B. Hayes, Generals Irvin McDowell, Philip Sheridan, and William Tecumseh Sherman, senators and thousands of soldiers.
The 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument is an 1891 statuary memorial on the Gettysburg Battlefield. It is located on Cemetery Ridge, by The Angle and the copse of trees, where Union forces – including the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry – beat back Confederate forces engaged in Pickett's Charge.
Lincoln Monument (Philadelphia) is a monument honoring Abraham Lincoln in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of the first initiated in memory of the assassinated president, the monument was designed by neoclassical sculptor Randolph Rogers and completed in 1871. It is now located northeast of the intersection of Kelly Drive and Sedgley Drive, opposite Boathouse Row.
The Robert E. Lee Monument was an outdoor bronze equestrian statue of Confederate general Robert E. Lee and his horse Traveller located in Charlottesville, Virginia's Market Street Park in the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District. The statue was commissioned in 1917 and dedicated in 1924, and in 1997 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was removed on July 10, 2021, and melted down in 2023.
The equestrian statue of Henry Warner Slocum is a monumental statue in Brooklyn's Grand Army Plaza, in New York City. The equestrian statue, designed by sculptor Frederick William MacMonnies, was dedicated in 1905 in honor of Henry Warner Slocum, who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and later as a U.S. Representative from the state of New York.
The Stonewall Jackson Monument in Richmond, Virginia, was erected in honor of Thomas Jonathon "Stonewall" Jackson, a Confederate general. The monument was located at the centre of the crossing of Monument Avenue and North Arthur Ashe Boulevard, in Richmond, Virginia. The bronze equestrian statue was unveiled in 1919. Along this avenue are other statues including Robert E. Lee, J. E. B. Stewart, Jefferson Davis, Matthew Maury and more recently Arthur Ashe. Thomas Jackson is best known as one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted commanders throughout the early period of the American Civil War between Southern Confederate states and Northern Union states. He rose to prominence after his vital role in the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, continuing to command troops until his untimely death on May 10, 1863, after falling fatally ill following the amputation of his wounded arm.
The Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument, is a partially deconstructed memorial installed along Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue depicting Matthew Fontaine Maury and commemorating his Confederate naval service and contributions to oceanography and naval meteorology. It features the engraved moniker "Pathfinder of the Seas". Between July 2–9, 2020, the bronze statue of Maury and other sculptural elements were removed from the monument by the city of Richmond, in response to local protests connected to nationwide unrest sparked by the murder of George Floyd in police custody in Minneapolis.
The equestrian statue of John Brown Gordon is a monument on the grounds of the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The monument, an equestrian statue, honors John Brown Gordon, a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War who later become a politician in post-Reconstruction era Georgia. Designed by Solon Borglum, the statue was dedicated in 1907 to large fanfare. The statue has recently become a figure of controversy over Gordon's racist views and associations with the Confederacy, with some calling for its removal.
Major General George Gordon Meade is an equestrian statue that stands in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. The statue, which was unveiled in 1887, was designed by sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and honors George Meade, who had served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was later a commissioner for the park. The statue is one of two statues of Meade at Fairmount, with the other one being a part of the Smith Memorial Arch.
The Ulysses S. Grant Monument is a presidential memorial in Chicago, honoring American Civil War general and 18th President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant. Located in Lincoln Park, the statue was commissioned shortly after the president's death in 1885 and was completed in 1891. Several artists submitted sketches, and Louis Rebisso was selected to design the statue, with a granite pedestal suggested by William Le Baron Jenney. At the time of its completion, the monument was the largest bronze statue cast in the United States, and over 250,000 people were present at the dedication.
Major General David McMurtrie Gregg is a monumental statue located in Reading, Pennsylvania, United States. The monument was designed by Henry Augustus Lukeman and consists of an equestrian statue depicting David McMurtrie Gregg, a military officer who had served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The monument was dedicated in 1922, several years after Gregg's death in Reading in 1916.
Equestrian statue of Gen Lee, 14' high, atop pedistal 13'7"x10'x14'. Grouping of 6 standing & 1 horseback figure, 8' high, on sculpted base, overall 18'x5'x16'. Overall Mn 41' high. Base inscribed in cut letters " Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg." ... Monument is a bronze equestrian statue of General Robert E. Lee that is fourteen foot high atop a granite pedestal that is 13.7x10 foot and 14 feet high. There is a bronze group of six standing figures that are eight foot high and a mounted standard bearer on a sculptured bronze base that is 18x5 foot. The monument is inscribed "Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg". Overall the monument is 41 feet high. Designed and sculptured by F. William Sievers. Associated with Monument are two War Dept Signs. The monument is located on the east side of West Confederate Avenue, near Spangler Woods.
{{cite web}}
: External link in |work=
(help)Yesterday afternoon … the dedication of the Lee uncompleted monument took place.
Equestrian statue of Gen Lee, 14' high, atop pedistal 13'7"x10'x14'. Grouping of 6 standing & 1 horseback figure, 8' high, on sculpted base, overall 18'x5'x16'. Overall Mn 41' high. Base inscribed in cut letters " Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg." ... Monument is a bronze equestrian statue of General Robert E. Lee that is fourteen foot high atop a granite pedestal that is 13.7x10 foot and 14 feet high. There is a bronze group of six standing figures that are eight foot high and a mounted standard bearer on a sculptured bronze base that is 18x5 foot. The monument is inscribed "Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg". Overall the monument is 41 feet high. Designed and sculptured by F. William Sievers. Associated with Monument are two War Dept Signs. The monument is located on the east side of West Confederate Avenue, near Spangler Woods.
{{cite web}}
: External link in |work=
(help)