Voli

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Africa proconsularis SPQR.

Volitanus also known as Voli and Bolitana [1] was a Roman era civitas (town) [2] of Africa Proconsularis, [3] a suffragan metropolis of Carthage in Roman North Africa. [4]

Roman Empire Period of Imperial Rome following the Roman Republic (27 BC–476 AD)

The Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization. Ruled by emperors, it had large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Caucasus. From the constitutional reforms of Augustus to the military anarchy of the third century, the Empire was a principate ruled from the city of Rome. The Roman Empire was then ruled by multiple emperors and divided in a Western Roman Empire, based in Milan and later Ravenna, and an Eastern Roman Empire, based in Nicomedia and later Constantinople. Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until 476 AD, when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus after capturing Ravenna and the Roman Senate sent the imperial regalia to Constantinople. The fall of the Western Roman Empire to barbarian kings, along with the hellenization of the Eastern Roman Empire into the Byzantine Empire, is conventionally used to mark the end of Ancient Rome and the beginning of the Middle Ages.

<i>Civitas</i> Roman civil law

In the history of Rome, the Latin term civitas, according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law. It is the law that binds them together, giving them responsibilities (munera) on the one hand and rights of citizenship on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity", into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens, it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.

Africa (Roman province) Africa roman province

Africa Proconsularis was a Roman province on the northwest African coast that was established in 146 BC following the defeat of Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeria, and the coast of western Libya along the Gulf of Sirte. The territory was originally inhabited by Berber people, known in Latin as Mauri indigenous to all of North Africa west of Egypt; in the 9th century BC, Phoenicians built settlements along the Mediterranean Sea to facilitate shipping, of which Carthage rose to dominance in the 8th century until its conquest by the Roman Republic.

Contents

Location

The town of Voli is now in modern Tunisia, though the exact location of Voli is not known for certain [5] The village of Sidi Medien Zaghouan province (latitude 36°20'3.57", longitude 10°5'22.15") has been suggested due to similarity of names. The issue with Sidi Medien is that here the Roman Era town appears to have been a colonia, by the name of Vallitanus [6] (Vallis) while the name of Voli was probably Bolitana.

Tunisia Country in Northern Africa

Tunisia (officially the Republic of Tunisia) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, covering 163,610 square kilometres. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was 11.435 million in 2017. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast.

Sidi Medien

Sidi Medien is a village in Zaghouan Governorate, Tunisia.

Zaghouan Place in Zaghouan Governorate, Tunisia

Zaghwan is a town in the northern half of Tunisia.

Bishopric

The town was a seat of a Bishopric [7] in Africa Proconsularis and suffran to Cartagine, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Carthage archaeological site in Tunisia

Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.

A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese".

Augustine records that the Diocese of Carthage celebrated the feast day of the martyrs of Bolitana [8] on 17 October. [9] [10]

Augustine of Hippo early Christian theologian and philosopher

Saint Augustine of Hippo was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. He was the bishop of Hippo Regius in north Africa and is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers in Western Christianity for his writings in the Patristic Period. Among his most important works are The City of God, De doctrina Christiana and Confessions.

Martyr person who suffers persecution and death for advocating, refusing to renounce, and/or refusing to advocate a belief or cause, usually a religious one

A martyr is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, refusing to renounce, or refusing to advocate a belief or cause as demanded by an external party. This refusal to comply with the presented demands results in the punishment or execution of the martyr by the oppressor. Originally applied only to those who suffered for their religious beliefs, the term has come to be used in connection with people killed for a political cause.

The deacon Peregrinus of Bolitana civitas who was martyred under Diocletian after his conviction by the proconsul Caius Annius Anullinus He has a feast day of 23 April.

Diocletian Roman Emperor from 284 to 305 A.C.N.

Diocletian, born Diocles, was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become Roman cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus' surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus.

Proconsul governor of a province in the Roman republic

A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority.

In 411 rival bishops Crispus (Catholic) and Quodvultdeus (Donatist) attended the Council of Carthage (411). [11] The Council found for Crispus. In 418, Bishop Muranus (Catholic) attended the Council of Carthage, and in 484 Bonifatius (Catholic). [12] attended the Council of Huneric, king of the Vandals. [13]

Vandals East Germanic tribe

The Vandals were a large East Germanic tribe or group of tribes that first appear in history inhabiting present-day southern Poland. Some later moved in large numbers, including most notably the group which successively established kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and then North Africa in the 5th century.

The current bishop is Emil Paul Tscherrig, who replaced Francisco Javier Martínez Fernández (20 Mar 1985 – 15 Mar 1996).

Related Research Articles

Early African church

The name Early African Church is given to the Christian communities inhabiting the region known politically as Roman Africa, and comprised geographically within the following limits, namely: the Mediterranean littoral between Cyrenaica on the east and the river Ampsaga on the west; that part of it that faces the Atlantic Ocean being called Mauretania. The evangelization of Africa followed much the same lines as those traced by Roman civilization.

Vagal or Vagalitanus was a Vandal and Roman era civitas (town) in Mauretania Caesariensis, Roman North Africa. The town has been tentatively identified with Sidi ben Thiour on the Mekerra River near its confluence with the Sly River.(36.073819n, 1.094881e) Nearby towns included Castellum Tingitanum and Catabum Castra (Djidioua). The mines at Malakoff were to the north-east of the town.

Germaniciana

Abbir Germaniciana also known as Abir Cella is the name of a Roman and Byzantine-era city in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis. The city was also the seat of a bishopric, in the ecclesiastical province of Carthage, and is best known as the home town of the Pre Nicaean father, Cyprian, who was bishop of Abbir Germaniciana around 250AD.

Pocofeltus

Pocofeltus was a Roman–Berber civitas (town) in the province of Africa Proconsularis, located in present-day Tunisia. It was also the seat of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese.

Sicca Veneria (titular see)

The Diocese of Sicca Veneria is a titular see of Africa Proconsularis, and was a suffragan of the bishops of Carthage. The cathedra of the bishopric was in the Roman colonia of Colonia Julia Veneria Cirta Nova Iulia. The bishopric was founded in early Christianity, becoming at some point an archbishopric and passed through the Catholic Roman, Arian Vandal, and Orthodox Byzantine empires until it ceased to function sometime after the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. It survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. The current bishop is Lajos Varga of Hungary.

Feradi maius archaeological site in Tunisia

Pheradi Majius is a locality and archaeological site in Tunisia located at 36.250003°N 10.397047°E near the modern town of Sidi Khalifa in Sousse Governorate, Tunisia that is located at 36° 14′ 58″ N, 10° 23′ 57″E.

Simingi titular see in Tunisia

Simingi was a Roman era civitas (town) of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.

Siminina titular see in Tunisia

Siminina, was a Roman era civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. The ancient city is tentatively identified with ruins at Bir-El-Djedidi, Tunisia.

Tagarata was a Roman era civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. The ancient city has been tentatively identified with ruins at Bir-El-Djedidi, Tunisia.

Theudalis, also known as Teudali, was a Roman era civitas (town) of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. The ancient city is tentatively identifiable with ruins at Henchir-Aouam in Tunisia.

Douela

Douela or Douala is a village and locality in Tunisia, situated on the Mediterranean coast at latitude 36.8167°, longitude 10.5667° and near Sīdī `Ammār, Korbous, and El Bredj.

Tulana titular see in Tunisia

Tulana also known as Tulanensis was a civitas (town) of the province of Africa Proconsularis during the Roman Empire.

Utimma titular see in Tunisia

Utimma was an ancient city in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis during the Byzantine and Roman Empires. the exact location of Utimma is lost to history but it is believed to be between Sidi Medien and Henchir-Reoucha in Tunisia.

Lapda titular see in Tunisia

Lapda, was a civitas (town) of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is now lost to history, though probably somewhere in central modern Tunisia. Also known as Labdia.

Henchir-Khachoum in Sidi Bouzid Governorate, Tunisia

Henchir-Khachoum is a locality and series of archaeological sites in Sidi Bouzid Governorate modern Tunisia. The ruins are strewn along a tributary of the Oued El Hatech river east of Sbeitla. During the Roman Empire there was a Roman town of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis, called Muzuca, one of two North African towns to bare that name.

Migirpa titular see in Tunisia

Migirpa was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Africa Proconsularis. It flourished from 30 BC to AD640. The town is identified as stone ruins near Carthage, Tunisia.

Autenti titular see in Tunisia

Autenti was a Roman–Berber civitas and bishopric in Africa Proconsularis. It was a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church.

Crepedula titular see in Tunisia

Crepedula was an ancient Roman–Berber civitas in the province of Byzacena in Africa Proconsularis. It was located in modern Tunisia. The town was also the seat of a Catholic diocese.

Foratiana titular see in Tunisia

Foratiana was an ancient Roman-Berber city in the province of Byzacena and Africa Proconsularis in the Sahel region of Tunisia.

The Diocese of Sita was a Christian diocese in Africa Proconsularis. It is presently a bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church.

References

  1. ↑ Journal of the constitutions and the decrees of the Councils and the Supreme Pontiffs of the letter (Jean Hardouin, Claude Rigaud (París).)p692.
  2. ↑ A. Harnack, The Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, 2 volumes (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 9 Jan. 1997) p433.
  3. ↑ Paolo Chiesa, Pellegrino martire "in city Bolitana" and Pellegrino di un'altra African agiografia ad Aquileia? Analecta Bollandiana: Revue critique d'hagiography, ISSN 0003-2468, Vol. 116, no. 1, 1998, pp. 25-56.
  4. ↑ Sacrosancta Concilia Ad Regiam Editionem Exacta: Apparatus Primus, Volume 22 (Coleti Et Albrizzi, 1733).
  5. ↑ A. Harnack, The Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, 2 volumes (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 9 Jan. 1997) p433.
  6. ↑ Vallitanus.
  7. ↑ notit. num 28, coll. carth. d. 1, c. 128, not. 146.
  8. ↑ Pierre-Marie Hombert, New research from Augustinian chronology (Institute of Augustinian Studies, 2000) p268.
  9. ↑ Optatus ii:4.
  10. ↑ A. Harnack, The Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, 2 volumes (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 9 Jan. 1997) p.433.
  11. ↑ Optati Afri Milevitani Episcopi de Schismate Donatistarum contra Parmenianum, (1700) p444.
  12. ↑ Jean Hardouin, Claude Rigaud (París)Journal of the constitutions and the decrees of the Councils and the Supreme Pontiffs of the letter p57.
  13. ↑ Jean Louis Maier, The Episcopate of Roman, Vandal and Byzantine Africa p116.
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