This article needs additional citations for verification .(January 2024) |
Walter Brown | |
---|---|
Member of Parliament for Saskatoon City | |
In office 1939–1940 | |
Preceded by | Alexander MacGillivray Young |
Succeeded by | Alfred Henry Bence |
Personal details | |
Born | Athelstan,Quebec,Canada | 6 September 1875
Died | 1 April 1940 64) | (aged
Political party | United Reform Movement (1939-1940) Unity (1940) |
Spouse | Martha Rowat |
Profession | Minister |
Reverend Walter George Brown (September 6,1875 –April 1,1940) [1] was a Presbyterian Church in Canada minister who opposed the formation of the United Church of Canada and was a United Reform Movement MP in the House of Commons of Canada.
Born in Athelstan (now Hichinbrooke),Huntingdon County,Quebec of Scots-Irish parents,Brown initially decided to become a lawyer and was educated at McGill University where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree [2] in 1899[ citation needed ] with first class honours. [2]
He then graduated in 1902 with a B.D. degree from The Presbyterian College,Montreal, [2] the silver medal,a $60.00 Theological Scholarship,and a prize ($10.00 in books) in public speaking. He also won other scholarships and prizes during his time at Presbyterian College.[ citation needed ] During his summers,he went into the newly opened lumbering camps of Northern Ontario,serving first as a student missionary,was ordained on 30 September 1902 as an Ordained Missionary to Canada Atlantic Lumber Camps,from Rainy Lake to Whitney under the North Bay Presbytery. He remained in this post until July 1903,when he moved west to work amongst miners in the West Kootenay area of British Columbia at Salmo,New Denver and Silverton,all in proximity of Nelson. [2]
While serving in ministry in British Columbia,he earned his M.A. degree from McGill, [2] with a paper titled "History and Philosophy of Socialism",[ citation needed ] and was married to Martha Rowat; [2] her father,Andrew Rowat (1839-1918) served as minister at Elgin and Athelstan from 1884 - 1909;her mother,Margaret,was the daughter of Donald MacKenziepioneer minister in Zorra Township,Oxford County,Ontario.[ citation needed ] They have four children,Helen,Rhoda,Jack and Jean. [2]
After leaving the Kootenays to study in Montreal and at the United Free Church of Scotland College in Glasgow,he was called and inducted in March 1908,as minister of Knox Presbyterian Church in Red Deer,Alberta,and would remain there until 1925. He also served as convenor of Home Missions for the Red Deer Presbytery supervising three congregations and fifteen missions. He served as Moderator of the Synod of Alberta in 1915.
He had opposed the first attempt to merge the Presbyterian,Methodist and Congregational Churches of Canada in 1904 saying "I cannot recall one moment when I ever doubted that it was our duty to maintain the Presbyterian Church in Canada in the interests of truth,sound church government,spiritual freedom and national righteousness."
He favoured a federation over a total church union. This was highlighted in his 1911 "Alberta Plan",that critiqued the "Union Churches" then being created primarily in Saskatchewan. In 1923,he went on a six-week speaking tour of Eastern Canada for the anti-church union Presbyterian Church Association and became known as "Brown of Red Deer". When the final vote on union was held during late 1924 and early 1925,Brown's Red Deer Presbytery was the sole presbytery in the PCC with a majority vote against Church Union. [2]
Nationally,some 30% of Presbyterians opposed this union and reorganized themselves as the "Continuing Presbyterians",until they were legally permitted to resume using the name Presbyterian Church in Canada in 1939. With regard to the namecontinuing Presbyterians,Brown was quoted during his fight for the preservation of the Presbyterian Church by reciting a Scots challenge: [3]
They may rob us of name, they may hunt us with beagles,
Give our roofs to the flame and our flesh to the eagles...
While there are leaves on the forest or foam on the river,
MacGregor despite them shall flourish forever!
At the 1925 General Assembly, Brown was one of 79 Commissioners who refused to join the United Church, and met in a corner of Toronto's College Street United Church at the conclusion on June 9 in order to resume business later that night at nearby Knox Presbyterian Church and legally claim their continuity. [2]
He remained in Saskatchewan throughout the Dust Bowl drought years of the Great Depression and, late in the decade, organized the left-wing United Reform Movement as a political party calling for relief.
Brown was first elected as the Member of Parliament for Saskatoon City in a December 1939 by-election, spent one day in Parliament before dissolution, was re-elected two months later in the 1940 general election with the support of both the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and the Tory National Government party, but died of complications from a heart attack, a few days after his victory. He was not able to travel from Ottawa to his riding to campaign. [2]
Agnes MacPhail, who introduced Brown to the floor of the House of Commons on 25 January 1940, was eventually recruited by the URM to succeed him, but she was defeated in the subsequent by-election later that year.
Brown left Red Deer later that year to oversee the re-organization of some Presbyterians in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan that had voted against joining the United Church. St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Saskatoon was formed under his pastoral leadership, and remains the largest PCC congregation within the province.
In June 1931, he was elected Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and during his Moderatorial year, travelled to Asia, and visited Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the Manchuria portion of China.
Reverend Walter George Brown is one of the few Moderators of the Presbyterian Church who was or is not a Reverend Doctor; he refused to accept Honorary Doctorates from his alma mater, nor Toronto's Knox College. He died on April 1, 1940 out of heart attack [2] while in office [1] and the funeral took place in Ottawa, and is buried at the Athelstan Presbyterian Cemetery.
The United Church of Canada is a mainline Protestant denomination that is the largest Protestant Christian denomination in Canada and the second largest Canadian Christian denomination after the Catholic Church in Canada.
Unity, United Progressive Movement and United Reform were the names used in Canada by a popular front party initiated by the Communist Party of Canada in the late 1930s.
The Canadian Junior Football League (CJFL) is a national Major Junior Canadian football league consisting of 19 teams playing in five provinces across Canada. The teams compete annually for the Canadian Bowl. Many CJFL players move on to professional football careers in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and elsewhere.
George Campbell Pidgeon was a Christian minister, first in the Presbyterian Church in Canada and then in the United Church of Canada, as well as the last Moderator of the Presbyterian Church before amalgamation and the first Moderator of the newly formed United Church of Canada. He was a strong proponent of the proposed union of churches and later in life championed ecumenism.
St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church is the oldest Presbyterian church in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
James Nisbet was a Scottish born missionary to Canada.
The Presbyterian Church in Canada is a Presbyterian denomination, serving in Canada under this name since 1875. The United Church of Canada claimed the right to the name from 1925 to 1939. According to the Canada 2001 Census 409,830 Canadians identify themselves as Presbyterian, that is, 1.4 percent of the population.
Knox Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian Church in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is named after John Knox, a founder of Presbyterianism in Scotland.
Walter Franklin McLean, is a former Canadian politician.
The Presbyterian College/Le Collège Presbytérien, 3495 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, is a Theological College of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and is affiliated with McGill University through its School of Religious Studies. The Presbyterian College's student base comes from across Canada and around the world.
Knox College is a postgraduate theological college of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1844 as part of a schism movement in the Church of Scotland following the Disruption of 1843. Knox is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church in Canada and confers doctoral degrees as a member school of the Toronto School of Theology.
St. Andrew's Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at the corner of King Street West and Simcoe Street in the city's downtown core of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by William George Storm in the Romanesque Revival style and completed in 1876.
First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian Church in Canada congregation and Gothic Revival church building in the city's downtown core of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The congregation celebrated its 125th anniversary in November 2006.
Arthur Bruce Barbour Moore was an ordained minister of the United Church of Canada who served as president and Vice-Chancellor of Victoria University in the University of Toronto, Chancellor of the University of Toronto, and as the 24th Moderator of the United Church of Canada.
Knox United Church is a designated municipal heritage building at 838 Spadina Crescent East, in the Central Business District, of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Leonard Gaetz was a Canadian politician. He was one of the first settlers and founder of what is now the city of Red Deer, Alberta.
Edmund H. Oliver (1882–1935) was a Canadian Presbyterian and United Church of Canada minister, chaplain and educator. He played an integral role in the founding of St. Andrew's College, Saskatoon in 1912 – then known as the Presbyterian Theological College – and served as its first president. He was elected to the position of Moderator of the United Church of Canada by the 4th General Council at their meeting in London, Ontario in 1930.
Lydia Emelie Gruchy was a French-born Canadian who became the first woman ordained to the ministry of the United Church of Canada. She was the first woman to enroll in theological studies, to graduate from a Presbyterian theological college and also the first woman to be granted an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree in Canada.
St. Andrew’s College, formerly the Presbyterian Theological College, is a degree-granting, accredited theologically ecumenical seminary of the United Church of Canada. It is located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and was the second affiliated college of the University of Saskatchewan. Along with the College of Emmanuel and St. Chad, and the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Saskatoon, it makes up the Saskatoon Theological Union (STU).