This article concerns the period 229 BC –220 BC.
Year 223 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaminius and Philus. The denomination 223 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period,when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Year 224 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Flaccus. The denomination 224 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period,when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
The Warring States period in Chinese history comprises the final centuries of the Zhou dynasty,which were characterized by warfare,bureaucratic and military reform,and political consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded with the wars of conquest that saw the state of Qin annex each of the other contender states by 221 BC and found the Qin dynasty,the first imperial dynastic state in East Asian history.
Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin,along with Han and Wei,in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling,but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin,Wei,and Yan,as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan,in modern Hebei province.
Qin was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The Qin state originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.
Chu was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Their first ruler was King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BC. Chu was located in the south of the Zhou heartland and lasted during the Spring and Autumn period. At the end of the Warring States period it was destroyed by the Qin in 223 BC during the Qin's wars of unification.
Bai Qi,also known as Gongsun Qi (公孫起),was a Chinese military general of the Qin state during the Warring States period. Born in Mei,Bai Qi served as the commander of the Qin army for more than 30 years,being responsible for the deaths of over one million,earning him the nickname Ren Tu. According to the Shiji,he seized more than 73 cities from the other six hostile states,and to date no record has been found to show that he suffered a single defeat throughout his military career. He was instrumental in the rise of Qin as a military hegemon and the weakening of its rival states,thus enabling Qin's eventual conquest of them. He is regarded by Chinese folklore as one of the four Greatest Generals of the Late Warring States period,along with Li Mu,Wang Jian,and Lian Po;he is also remembered as the most fearsome amongst the four.
The grand chancellor,also translated as counselor-in-chief,chancellor,chief councillor,chief minister,imperial chancellor,lieutenant chancellor and prime minister,was the highest-ranking executive official in the imperial Chinese government. The term was known by many different names throughout Chinese history,and the exact extent of the powers associated with the position fluctuated greatly,even during a particular dynasty.
The Battle of Julu was fought in Julu in 207 BC primarily between forces of the Qin dynasty and the insurgent state of Chu. The Qin commander was Zhang Han,while the Chu leader was Xiang Yu. The battle concluded with a decisive victory for the rebels over the larger Qin army. The battle marked the decline of Qin military power as the bulk of the Qin armies were destroyed in this battle.
Meng Tian was a Chinese inventor and military general of the Qin dynasty who distinguished himself in campaigns against the Xiongnu and in the construction of the Great Wall of China. He was the elder brother of Meng Yi. He descended from a great line of military generals and architects. His grandfather,Meng Ao,was a general from the era of King Zhao;and his father,Meng Wu,was also a general who served as a deputy to Wang Jian.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese television series adapted from the classical 14th century novel of the same title by Luo Guanzhong. The series was produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and was first aired on the network in 1994. It spanned a total of 84 episodes,each approximately 45 minutes long. One of the most expensive television series produced at the time,the project cost 170 million yuan. It was completed over four years and involved over 400,000 cast and crew members,including divisions of the People's Liberation Army from the Beijing,Nanjing and Chengdu military regions. Some of the dialogue spoken by characters was adapted directly from the novel. Extensive battle scenes,such as the battles of Guandu,Red Cliffs and Xiaoting,were also live-acted.
King Zhaoxiang of Qin,also abbreviated as King Zhao of Qin (秦昭王),born Ying Ji (嬴稷),was the king of the Qin state from 306 BC to 251 BC. He was the son of King Huiwen and younger brother of King Wu.
Lord Changping was a Chinese monarch and politician who remained as an important military commander and lord of Qin,who later departed from the state of Qin and went to the state of Chu where he became the last king of Chu in the last days of the Chinese Warring States period.
Qin's wars of unification were a series of military campaigns launched in the late 3rd century BC by the state of Qin against the other six powers remaining in China –Han,Zhao,Yan,Wei,Chu and Qi. Between 247 and 221 BC,Qin had developed into one of the most powerful of China's Seven Warring States that coalesced in the wake of the Zhou dynasty's decline,by now retaining a weak and merely ceremonial position among the warring states. In 230 BC,King Ying Zheng of Qin began the sequence of campaigns that would bring the Warring States period to a close,setting out to conquer each remaining sovereign one by one. This was completed in 221 BC with the fall of Qi,leaving the former Zhou sphere unified under a more centralized Qin control. Ying Zheng declared himself the First Emperor,or Qin Shi Huang—becoming the first sovereign over a unified China under the imperial Qin dynasty.
Lord Chunshen,born Huang Xie,was a Chinese military general and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Chu during the late Warring States period of ancient China. He was one of the Four Lords of the Warring States.
Li Xin (李信),courtesy name Youcheng (有成),was a Chinese military general of Qin during the Warring States era. Alongside Wang Jian,Wang Ben and other generals,Li Xin served under Qin Shi Huang in his conquest of the six Warring States. He is also the great-great-grandfather of Li Guang,a Han dynasty general.
The Qin Empire II:Alliance is a 2012 Chinese television series adapted from Sun Haohui's novel of the same Chinese title,which romanticises the events in China during the Warring States period primarily from the perspective of the Qin state during the reigns of King Huiwen and King Wu.
The Qin Empire III is a 2017 Chinese television series based on Sun Haohui's novel of the same Chinese title,which romanticizes the events in China during the Warring States period primarily from the perspective of the Qin state under King Zhaoxiang. It was first aired on CCTV-1 in mainland China in 2017. It was preceded by The Qin Empire (2009) and The Qin Empire II:Alliance (2012) and followed by The Qin Empire IV (2019),which were also based on Sun Haohui's novels.
Meng Wu was a general in the state of Qin during the Warring States period,who played a major role in the conquest of Chu.
