Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally. It is mainly used for its eugeroic,ergogenic,or nootropic properties. Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine at a number of adenosine receptor types,inhibiting the centrally depressant effects of adenosine and enhancing the release of acetylcholine. Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine,which allows it to bind and block its receptors. Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase,increases calcium release from intracellular stores,and antagonises GABA receptors,although these mechanisms typically occur at concentrations beyond usual human consumption.
Suffolk County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of New York,constituting the eastern two-thirds of Long Island. It is bordered to its west by Nassau County,to its east by Gardiners Bay and the open Atlantic Ocean,to its north by Long Island Sound,and to its south by the Atlantic Ocean.
The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906,also known as the Wiley Act and Dr. Wiley's Law,was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws enacted by the United States Congress,and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its main purpose was to ban foreign and interstate traffic in adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products,and it directed the US Bureau of Chemistry to inspect products and refer offenders to prosecutors. It required that active ingredients be placed on the label of a drug's packaging and that drugs could not fall below purity levels established by the United States Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary.
The Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County,New York. Founded in 1653,it is located on the north shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County,with Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. Huntington is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census,the town population was 204,127,making it the 11th most populous city/town in the state.
Ephedra is a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica. Several additional species belonging to the genus Ephedra have traditionally been used for a variety of medicinal purposes,and are a possible candidate for the soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine,in which it is referred to as Ma Huang,for more than 2,000 years. Native Americans and Mormon pioneers drank a tea brewed from other Ephedra species,called "Mormon tea" and "Indian tea".
Caffeinism is a state of intoxication caused by excessive consumption of caffeine. This intoxication covers a variety of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms associated with the consumption of excessive amounts of caffeine.
An energy drink is a type of functional beverage containing stimulant compounds,usually caffeine,which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation. They may or may not be carbonated and may also contain sugar,other sweeteners,or herbal extracts,among numerous other possible ingredients.
Raw milk or unpasteurized milk is milk that has not been pasteurized,a process of heating liquid foods to kill pathogens for safe consumption and extending the shelf life.
Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake,and dietary planning that is undertaken before,during and after pregnancy. Nutrition of the fetus begins at conception. For this reason,the nutrition of the mother is important from before conception as well as throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding. An ever-increasing number of studies have shown that the nutrition of the mother will have an effect on the child,up to and including the risk for cancer,cardiovascular disease,hypertension and diabetes throughout life.
Four Loko is a line of alcoholic beverages sold by Phusion Projects of Chicago,Illinois,United States. Four Loko's recipe formerly included caffeine. Phusion operates as Drink Four Brewing Company. Four Loko,the company's most popular beverage,debuted in the United States market in 2005 and is available in 49 states,and in 21 countries including Ecuador,Guatemala,Paraguay,The Bahamas,Peru,Mexico,Colombia,Bolivia,Honduras,El Salvador,Nicaragua,Costa Rica,China,Canada and some countries in Europe. The name "Four" is derived from the original drink having four "key ingredients".
The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition is the branch of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that regulates food,dietary supplements,and cosmetics,as opposed to drugs,biologics,medical devices,and radiological products,which also fall under the purview of the FDA.
The drug policy in the United States is the activity of the federal government relating to the regulation of drugs. Starting in the early 1900s,the United States government began enforcing drug policies. These policies criminalized drugs such as opium,morphine,heroin,and cocaine outside of medical use. The drug policies put into place are enforced by the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration. Classification of Drugs are defined and enforced using the Controlled Substance Act,which lists different drugs into their respective substances based on its potential of abuse and potential for medical use. Four different categories of drugs are Alcohol,Cannabis,Opioids,and Stimulants.
Drug policy of California refers to the policy on various classes and kinds of drugs in the U.S. state of California. Cannabis possession has been legalized with the Adult Use of Marijuana Act,passed in November 2016,with recreational sales starting January of the next year. With respect to many controlled substances,terms such as illegal and prohibited do not include their authorized possession or sale as laid out by applicable laws.
The Northport Power Station,known as “The Stacks”by locals,is the largest power generation facility on Long Island. It is a natural gas and conventional oil electric power generating station located on the North Shore of Long Island in Fort Salonga,New York. The facility was built by the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO) in stages between 1967 and 1977,and since August 2007 it has been owned and operated by National Grid USA. The plant's electric output is distributed by Long Island Power Authority (LIPA).
A caffeinated alcoholic drink is a drink that contains both alcohol and a significant amount of caffeine. Caffeine,a stimulant,masks some of the depressant effects of alcohol. However,in 2010 and 2011,this type of drink faced criticism for posing health risks to its drinkers. In some places there is a ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks.
The 17 November 2010 United States ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks is a ban which prevents the marketing and distribution of any prepackaged caffeinated alcoholic drink.
Douglas M. Smith is an American legislator serving as the New York State Assemblyman for the 5th district since 2018.
James F. Gaughran is an American attorney and politician from Suffolk County,New York,who served as a member of the New York State Senate from the 5th district. The district is located around the border of Nassau County and Suffolk County,encompassing the town of Huntington and the northern part of the town of Oyster Bay. Gaughran is a member of the Democratic Party.
Prime is a range of sports drinks,drink mixes,and energy drinks created and marketed by Prime Hydration,LLC. The range is promoted and founded by YouTubers and internet personalities Logan Paul and Olajide "KSI" Olatunji. The announcement and the release of the product in 2022 was followed by a social media hype associated with these social media personalities,who have tens of millions of followers combined. It was also promoted through mainstream sports sponsorship deals.
Steem was a brand of caffeinated peanut butter produced by STEEM Peanut Butter,Inc. The company was co-founded by Chris Pettazzoni,Keith Barnofski,and Andrew Brach and was based in Greenfield,Massachusetts. Sold in the United States between 2014 and 2019,the peanut butter was predominantly marketed as an alternative to coffee as a source of the stimulant caffeine. In 2015,US senator Chuck Schumer publicly criticized the high levels of caffeine in Steem,leading to the company being contacted by the Food and Drug Administration as part of a wider investigation into foods containing additional caffeine.
