Politics of Kiribati takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic,whereby the Beretitenti,President of Kiribati,is both the head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government,Beretitenti,and his cabinet,all MPs. Legislative power is exercised by the House of Assembly. The Judiciary of Kiribati is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Constitution of Kiribati,promulgated at independence on 12 July 1979,establishes the Republic of Kiribati as a sovereign democratic republic and guarantees the fundamental rights of its citizens and residents.
The politics of Vanuatu take place within the framework of a constitutional democracy. The constitution provides for a representative parliamentary system. The head of the Republic is an elected President. The Prime Minister of Vanuatu is the head of government.
The Courts of Ireland consist of the Supreme Court,the Court of Appeal,the High Court,the Circuit Court,the District Court and the Special Criminal Court. With the exception of the Special Criminal Court,all courts exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction,although when the High Court is exercising its criminal jurisdiction it is known as the Central Criminal Court.
The Supreme Court of Liberia is the highest judicial body in Liberia. The court consists of the Chief Justice of Liberia,who is also the top Judiciary official,and four associate justices,who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The justices hold court at the Temple of Justice on Capitol Hill in Monrovia.
Sir Charles Michael Dennis Byron is a former president of the Caribbean Court of Justice. He also serves as President of the Commonwealth Judicial Education Institute,and is former President of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR),and former Chief Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. He was born in Basseterre,Saint Kitts and Nevis.
The University of the East College of Law or UE Law is the law school of the University of the East,a private,non-sectarian university in Manila,Philippines.
Sir William James Lynton Blair is a British retired judge. He was previously a Queen's Counsel at London barristers' chambers 3 Verulam Buildings,specialising in domestic and international banking and finance law. He is the elder brother of Sir Tony Blair,the former British prime minister.
Anthony Harold Cumberland Thomas Gates was the chief justice of Fiji from 2008 to 2019.
The judicial officers of the Republic of Singapore work in the Supreme Court and the State Courts to hear and determine disputes between litigants in civil cases and,in criminal matters,to determine the liability of accused persons and their sentences if they are convicted.
The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage,with each of the 24 constituencies electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature,the Nitijela. The President,who is head of state as well as head of government,is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs.
Virginia Margaret Bell is a former Justice of the High Court of Australia,the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. She was sworn in on 3 February 2009,and retired on 28 February 2021.
Nasirul Mulk is a Pakistani jurist and politician who served as the seventh caretaker prime minister of Pakistan in 2018,and previously also served as the 22nd chief justice of Pakistan from 2014 to 2015. A jurist by profession,he was nominated as Chief Justice by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. On 6 July 2014,his appointment as CJP was confirmed by President Mamnoon Hussain. He also previously served as the country's acting Chief Election Commissioner,from 30 November 2013 to 6 July 2014.
The Supreme Court of Mauritius is the highest court of Mauritius and the final court of appeal in the Mauritian judicial system. It was established in its current form in 1850,replacing the Cour d'Appel established in 1808 during the French administration and has a permanent seat in Port Louis. There is a right of appeal from the Supreme Court of Mauritius directly to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the court of final appeal for Mauritius.
Canagasabapathy Visuvalingam Vigneswaran,PC is a Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer,judge,politician and Member of Parliament. After practising law for more than 15 years,Vigneswaran was a member of the judiciary for 25 years. He was a magistrate and a judge of the District Court,High Court,Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. He was Chief Minister of the Northern Province from October 2013 to October 2018. He was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in August 2020. Vigneswaran is leader of the Tamil People's Alliance and the Tamil People's National Alliance.
The judiciary of Solomon Islands is a branch of the Government of Solomon Islands that interprets and applies the laws of Solomon Islands,to ensure equal justice under law,and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system is derived from chapter VII,part II of the Constitution,adopted when the country became independent from the United Kingdom in 1978. The Constitution provided for the creation of a High Court,with original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases,and a Court of Appeal. It also provided for the possibility of "subordinate courts",with no further specification (art.84).
The Judiciary of Kiribati is the branch of the Government of Kiribati which interprets and applies the laws of the country. In addition to the Constitution of Kiribati and the corpus of laws,the laws of Kiribati include customary law,which the courts must take into account when considering specified matters in criminal and civil proceedings.
The Supreme Court is the highest court of law in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. It has final authority of all cases brought before it. It consists of a Chief Justice and two associate justices.
The High Court is the second highest court of law in the Marshall Islands Judiciary. The court is established by Article VI,section 3 of the republic's constitution It has appellate jurisdiction over cases originating in the lower courts as well as original jurisdiction over certain classes of cases,including some criminal and civil matters,wills,and divorces. The court consists of a Chief Justice and an optional number of Associate Justices. The current Chief Justice,Carl Ingram,a U.S. citizen who originally came to the Marshall Islands with the Peace Corps in 1979,was first appointed as an associate justice of the High Court in March 2003,then as chief justice in October 2003 and for a second 10-year term as chief justice effective October 2013.
The Ministry of Justice,Immigration and Labor of the Marshall Islands is a ministry of the government of the Marshall Islands. The role of the ministry is to promote the safety of its citizens,oversee the administration of the Attorney General,prosecute criminal cases,defend the federal government from any civil suits and oversee,incorporate and charter approved corporations.
