The Women's Center & Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh was founded in 1974 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and provides services for victims of domestic violence. It was one of the first six centers for domestic violence that was established in the United States. [1] [2] [3]
The Women's Center works in conjunction with Allegheny County, the City of Pittsburgh, and surrounding municipalities to provide support for victims of domestic abuse. [4] [5]
Founded in 1974 by Ellen Berliner and Anne Steytler, the Women's Center & Shelter was one of the first six centers for domestic violence response and prevention to be established in the United States. [6] [7] [8] [9] Many of its board members and other volunteers over the years have been prominent members of the Pittsburgh community, including television news anchor Sally Wiggin [10] [11] [12] and philanthropist Rachel Mellon Walton. [13]
Originally situated in a small storefront in the Pittsburgh area, Berliner and Steytler founded the center to be a safe environment for women to meet after discovering the staggering prevalence of domestic violence committed against women in the United States. [14] [15]
Today, the Women's Center & Shelter is a resource for around 7,200 individuals per year; seeking refuge from domestic violence. [16] The organization has resources available for women, men, gender non-conforming individuals, and children who have suffered abuse and is also positioned to provide a safe haven for individuals to heal from their trauma. The center is a resource for providing step-by-step legal guidance, dispute resolution, counseling, child-care, and child violence alternative programs. [17]
Center staff and volunteers [18] have also worked to educate civic and business leaders, healthcare providers, [19] [20] journalists, [21] [22] law enforcement officers, attorneys and judicial system personnel, [23] [24] teachers and school administrators, [25] [26] and members of the general public about the cycle of domestic violence and ways to safely interrupt or prevent that cycle. [27] In 1993, "beatings [were] the leading cause of injury for women 15 to 44, and the second worst for women of all ages," according to United States Surgeon General Antonia Novello." That year, beatings caused more injuries to women than cancer and car accidents combined. [28]
According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, roughly four out of every five victims of intimate partner violence between 1994 and 2010 were female. [29] "'We see as many upper-middle-class professional women as we see lower-income women,'" said Janet Scott, who was the community education and training director for the Women's Center & Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh during the early 1990s. [30]
In 1995, the Women's Center & Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh received a $250,000 grant from the Vera I. Heinz Endowment to create a violence prevention curriculum for early-grade elementary school students. [31] That same year, it also received $49,188 from Pittsburgh's Federal Home Loan Bank toward the $731,659 estimated cost of rehabilitating twelve rental units that would be used to provide housing for domestic violence victims and their children. [32]
In 1999, the center partnered with Blue Cross Blue Shield on a public service advertising campaign, "Some women need to know their place...this is it" to raise awareness among women about the domestic violence prevention and response services available to them. [33] [34] That same year, the center also partnered with Bell Atlantic Mobile to distribute cell phones to women at risk of harm from abusers. Each of the phones were pre-programmed to quickly reach an emergency service line by pressing one button that dialed 911. [35]
The Women's Center & Shelter has several departments and outreach programs that provide victims of domestic violence with free and confidential support. The organization provides a holistic-minded approach of healing; through supporting and empowering victims of domestic abuse.
Programs and resources provided through the Women's Center & Shelter include: [36] [37] [38]
The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) is a United States federal law signed by President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1994. The Act provided $1.6 billion toward investigation and prosecution of violent crimes against women, imposed automatic and mandatory restitution on those convicted, and allowed civil redress when prosecutors chose to not prosecute cases. The Act also established the Office on Violence Against Women within the U.S. Department of Justice.
A women's shelter, also known as a women's refuge and battered women's shelter, is a place of temporary protection and support for women escaping domestic violence and intimate partner violence of all forms. The term is also frequently used to describe a location for the same purpose that is open to people of all genders at risk.
Dating abuse or dating violence is the perpetration or threat of an act of violence by at least one member of an unmarried couple on the other member in the context of dating or courtship. It also arises when one partner tries to maintain power and control over the other through abuse or violence, for example when a relationship has broken down. This abuse or violence can take a number of forms, such as sexual assault, sexual harassment, threats, physical violence, verbal, mental, or emotional abuse, social sabotage, and stalking. In extreme cases it may manifest in date rape. It can include psychological abuse, emotional blackmail, sexual abuse, physical abuse and psychological manipulation. Though most frequently the perpetrator of abuse is a male partner against a female partner, abuse by a female partner against a male also takes place.
The Marjaree Mason Center is a non-profit, shelter-based, domestic violence program headquartered in Fresno, California. Named for an Easton, California woman who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend, the center operates one of the largest shelters in California.
The National Network to End Domestic Violence(NNEDV) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization founded in 1990, based in the District of Columbia. It is a network of state and territorial domestic violence coalitions, representing over 2,000 member organizations nationwide. The National Network to End Domestic Violence works to address the many aspects of domestic violence.
House Of Ruth Maryland is a non-profit organization that was founded in 1977 by a coalition of women's organizations, religious groups, service providers, and elected officials to provide a safe haven for victims of domestic violence and their children. It is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland, United States and has offices throughout the state of Maryland. House of Ruth Maryland leads the fight to end violence against women and their children by confronting the attitudes, behaviors and systems that perpetuate it, and by providing victims with the services necessary to rebuild their lives safely and free of fear. Funding for House of Ruth Maryland is made possible through private (53%) and government (38%) funds, and other sources (9%) including investment income, training and client fees resulting mainly from the Gateway Project. Since its inception, The House of Ruth Maryland has served over 100,000 victims of domestic violence.
Mauree A. Gingrich is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 101st District.
Sarah (Sally) Wiggin is a prominent television news anchor and personality in Pittsburgh.
Loraine M. Heiser was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape (PCAR) is the oldest anti-rape coalition in the United States, working to eliminate all forms of sexual violence and advocating for the rights and needs of victims.
Domestic violence in United States is a form of violence that occurs within a domestic relationship. Although domestic violence often occurs between partners in the context of an intimate relationship, it may also describe other household violence, such as violence against a child, by a child against a parent or violence between siblings in the same household. It is recognized as an important social problem by governmental and non-governmental agencies, and various Violence Against Women Acts have been passed by the US Congress in an attempt to stem this tide.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to domestic violence:
The Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA) is a United States law, first authorized as part of the Child Abuse Amendments of 1984, that provides federal funding to help victims of domestic violence and their dependent children by providing shelter and related help, offering violence prevention programs, and improving how service agencies work together in communities.
Susan Kelly-Dreiss is an American women's rights and anti-violence activist. She co-founded and served as the first Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence (PCADV). She helped pass the Pennsylvania Protection from Abuse Act, that state's first domestic violence law.
Safe Horizon, formerly the Victim Services Agency, is the largest victim services nonprofit organization in the United States, providing social services for victims of abuse and violent crime. Operating at 57 locations throughout the five boroughs of New York City. Safe Horizon provides social services to over 250,000 victims of violent crime and abuse and their families per year. It has over 800 employees, and has programs for victims of domestic violence, child abuse, sexual assault, and human trafficking, as well as homeless youth and the families of homicide victims. Safe Horizon's website has been accessible for the Spanish-speaking population since 2012. Safe Horizon has an annual budget of over $63 million.
Harbor House of Central Florida is a non-profit state-certified domestic violence shelter near Orlando, in Orange County, Florida. Harbor House operates a 24-hour crisis hotline, and provides counseling and a 110-bed safe shelter for women, children and men. Its activities include community outreach, legal advocacy services, and community and professional education.
Womankind, formerly known as the New York Asian Women's Centre (NYAWC), was founded in 1982 by a group of volunteers led by Pat Eng. In 2017, the NYAWC changed its name to Womankind. It is a non-profit organization which aims to empower Asian survivors of gender based violence. Womankind was initially a community awareness program designed to educate families about domestic violence in Chinatown, and then developed into a 24-hour multilingual hotline that now includes 18 different Asian languages and dialects. Womankind also provides Asian immigrant women confidential services including an emergency refuge, shelter services, crisis counseling, 24-hour online free multilingual hotline, welfare promotion, support groups, parenting workshops, children's services, volunteer training, community education, and some English courses. Each year, the organization receives over 3,000 hotline calls.
Domestic violence in South Korea is the mental, physical, verbal or sexual abuses or crimes of violence committed towards a victim in a domestic setting of marital relations and cohabitation. Domestic violence describes violence towards a domestic partner, towards children and between siblings. According to the Domestic Violence Survey of South Korea in 2010, elder abuse was estimated to be 10%, physical abuse accounted for 2.2%, emotional abuse 9%, economic abuse 1.2%, and neglect 2.5%. Marital violence has been the most prevalent form of family violence in South Korea. One out of six couples in South Korea had more than one episode of physical violence from their spouse.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic many countries have reported an increase in domestic violence and intimate partner violence. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, noting the "horrifying global surge", has called for a domestic violence "ceasefire". UN Women stated that COVID-19 created "conditions for abuse that are ideal for abusers because it forced people into lockdown" thus causing a "shadow pandemic" that exacerbated preexisting issues with domestic violence globally.
Jennifer's Law is a United States federal law that provides comprehensive protections for victims of domestic violence and aims to prevent future instances of domestic abuse. It is codified under Title 42 of the United States Code, Chapter 140A.