| Established | 1910  (113 years ago) |
|---|---|
| Aim | peace process |
The World Peace Foundation or WPF, created in 1910, [1] is a philanthropic foundation for research into peace processes affiliated with The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. [2] Alex de Waal is the director as of 2021 [update] , [3] having become director in 2011. [2]
The WPF founded the journal International Organization , which is the leading journal in the field of International Relations. [4]
The World Peace Foundation was created in 1910 under the directorship of Edwin D. Mead [1] and financed by Edwin Ginn, a wealthy publisher, who initially named it the International School of Peace. Ginn felt that massive financial investments in war should be matched by, at least, modest investments in Kant's notion of peace via democracy ( Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch ). Ginn financed the school, the name was changed to World Peace Foundation, and his endowment allowed the institute to continue after his death in 1914. [5]
The initial director of the WPF in 1910 was Edwin D. Mead. [1] Robert I. Rotberg was director from 1993–2010. [5] WPF was affiliated with the Harvard Kennedy School for the first decade of the twenty-first century. Alex de Waal became director in 2011, when the WPF moved to The Fletcher School at Tufts University. [2]
Philip S. Khoury was chair of the board in 2012. [6]
In 2017, the WPF had 6 employees and a budget of US$ 1,754,057. [7]
The WPF was described by its board chair Khoury as the "oldest secular peace foundation" in the United States (US). Khoury quoted the original objectives of the WPF as being, "Educating the people of all nations to a full knowledge of the waste and destructiveness of war and of preparation for war, its evil effects on present social conditions and on the wellbeing of future generations, and to promote international justice and the brotherhood of man, and generally by every practical means to promote peace and goodwill among all mankind." He stated that there was no intention to change the aim of the foundation. [6]
Tufts University is a private research university located in the Greater Boston area. The main campus is located in the Walnut Hill neighborhood of the towns of Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts, with additional facilities located in Boston and Grafton, Massachusetts and in Talloires, France. It was founded in 1852 as Tufts College by Christian universalists who sought to provide a nonsectarian institution of higher learning. Tufts remained a small liberal arts college until the 1970s, when it transformed into a large research university offering several doctorates.
International Organization is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the entire field of international affairs. It was established in 1947 and is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Organization Foundation. The editor-in-chief is Erik Voeten.
The School of Arts and Sciences (A&S) is the largest of the eight schools and colleges that comprise Tufts University. Together with the School of Engineering, it offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in the liberal arts, sciences, and engineering. The two schools occupy the university's main campus in Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts and share many administrative functions including undergraduate admissions, student affairs, library, and information technology services. The two schools form the Faculty of Arts, Sciences, and Engineering (AS&E), a deliberative body under the chairmanship of the president of the university. Currently, the School of Arts and Sciences employs approximately 540 faculty members. There are over 4,300 full-time undergraduates and 1700 graduate and professional students.
Robert Owen Keohane is an American academic working within the fields of international relations and international political economy. Following the publication of his influential book After Hegemony (1984), he has become widely associated with the theory of neoliberal institutionalism in international relations, as well as transnational relations and world politics in international relations in the 1970s.
Peter Joachim Katzenstein FBA is a German-American political scientist. He is the Walter S. Carpenter, Jr. Professor of International Studies at Cornell University. Katzenstein has made influential contributions to the fields of comparative politics, international relations, and international political economy.
Robert Irwin Rotberg is an academic from the United States who served as President of the World Peace Foundation (1993–2010). A professor in governance and foreign affairs, he was director of the Program on Intrastate Conflict, Conflict Prevention, and Conflict Resolution at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government (1999–2010), and has served in administrative positions at Tufts University and Lafayette College.
David Low Dodge was an American activist and theologian who helped to establish the New York Peace Society and was a founder of the New York Bible Society and the New York Tract Society. According to historian Dale R. Steiner, he wrote "some of the earliest and most effective antiwar literature in the United States."
Alexander William Lowndes de Waal, a British researcher on African elite politics, is the executive director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Previously, he was a fellow of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative at Harvard University, as well as program director at the Social Science Research Council on AIDS in New York City.
Stephen Warren Bosworth was an American academic and diplomat. He served as Dean of The Fletcher School at Tufts University and served as United States Special Representative for North Korea Policy from March 2009 to October 2011. He served three times as a U.S. Ambassador, to Tunisia (1979–1981), to the Philippines (1984–1987), and to South Korea (1997–2001). In 1987, he received the American Academy of Diplomacy's Diplomat of the Year Award.
Philip S. Khoury is Ford International Professor of History and Vice Provost at MIT. He is also Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American University of Beirut.
Edwin Ginn was an American publisher, peace advocate and philanthropist.
The Woman's Peace Party (WPP) was an American pacifist and feminist organization formally established in January 1915 in response to World War I. The organization is remembered as the first American peace organization to make use of direct action tactics such as public demonstration. The Woman's Peace Party became the American section of an international organization known as the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace later in 1915, a group which later changed its name to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
The North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, formally known as the Convention between the United States and Other Powers Providing for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals, was a treaty signed on July 7, 1911, designed to manage the commercial harvest of fur-bearing mammals in the Pribilof Islands of the Bering Sea. The treaty, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, outlawed open-water seal hunting and acknowledged the United States' jurisdiction in managing the on-shore hunting of seals for commercial purposes. It was the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is the graduate school of international affairs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. Fletcher is one of America's oldest graduate schools of international relations and is well-ranked in its masters and doctoral programs. As of 2017, the student body numbered around 230, of whom 36 percent were international students from 70 countries, and around a quarter were U.S. minorities. The school's alumni network numbers over 9,500 in 160 countries, and includes foreign heads of state, ambassadors, diplomats, foreign ministers, high-ranking military officers, heads of nonprofit organizations, and corporate executives. It is consistently ranked as one of the world's top graduate schools for international relations.
Antonia "Toni" Handler Chayes is a United States lawyer and educator who served as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force from 1977 to 1979 and as United States Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1979 to 1981.
The library system of Tufts University covers all academic departments comprising the university. The main library is Tisch Library, which holds about 2.5 million volumes, with other holdings dispersed at subject libraries.
Lucia Ames Mead was an American pacifist, feminist, writer, and educator based in Boston, Massachusetts.
Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe is a peace researcher holding the position, as of 2021, of a senior fellow at the World Peace Foundation, Tufts University. He was a rebel of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) when the EPRDF was a guerilla army. He led the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program of the 380,000 armed rebels after the EPRDF gained control of Ethiopia in 1991. Mulugeta was a mediator in the Darfur Peace Agreement negotiations that led to the 2006 Abuja Agreement and the 2011 Doha Agreement during peace process for the War in Darfur. He was founding Director of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies in 2007. In January 2021 during the Tigray War, Mulugeta, telephoning from the mountains in Tigray Region, described the killings of civilians by the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) as "genocide by decree".
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