Wyandotte chicken

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Wyandotte
Silver-laced Wyandotte rooster (cropped).jpg
The silver-laced, the original variety of the breed
Conservation statusnot at risk [1]
Other namesAmerican Sebright (before 1883) [1]
Country of originUnited States
Usedual-purpose
Traits
Weight
  • Male:
    3.5–4 kg (8–9 lb) [2]
  • Female:
    2.7–3.2 kg (6–7 lb) [2]
Skin coloryellow
Egg colorbrown
Comb typerose
Classification
APA American [3]
EE yes [4]
PCGB soft feather: heavy [5]

The Wyandotte is an American breed of dual-purpose chicken, raised both for its brown eggs and for its yellow-skinned meat. [6] It was developed in the 1870s, and was named for the indigenous Wyandot people of North America. [6] It has many color variants, [4] and is also kept for showing. It was originally known as the American Sebright. [1]

Contents

History

The Wyandotte was created in the United States in the 1870s by four people, H. M. Doubleday, John Ray, L. Whittaker and Fred Houdlette. [6] The first type was the silver-laced, which was included in the American Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1883; it was taken to Britain at about the same time. [2] : 311  [3] It had previously been known as the Sebright Cochin or American Sebright. [7] : 46  The origin of the breed is unknown; it is thought derive partly from spangled Hamburgs and dark Brahmas [1] – the Hamburg for the rose comb and the Brahma for the color pattern. [7] : 46 

The gold-laced variant was produced by breeding silver-laced hens with gold-spangled Hamburg and partridge Cochin cocks, the white was a sport of the silver-laced, and the buff variant came from crossing the silver-laced with buff Cochin stock; [2] : 311  the black variant was also a sport, of both the silver-laced and the gold-laced. [6] The partridge variety came from crossing the gold-laced with Indian Game, partridge Cochin, gold-pencilled Hamburghs, and a strain called "Winnebago". [6] The Columbian was the result of a chance crossing of white Wyandottes with barred Plymouth Rock birds; it was named for Columbian Exposition and World's Fair in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893. [6] [2] : 311  The first Wyandotte bantams were added to the Standard of Perfection in 1933. [3]

In 2015 the breed was listed as "recovering" by the American Livestock Conservancy; [8] in 2016 it was no longer considered to be in danger and was removed from the priority list. [1] In Germany it is listed in category IV, "alert", on the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. [9]

Characteristics

Silver-laced chick, three days old SLW3.JPG
Silver-laced chick, three days old
Gold-laced hen Golden-Laced Wyandotte hen.jpg
Gold-laced hen

The Wyandotte is a fairly large bird, with weights for adult birds in the range 2.7 to 4 kg (6 to 9 lb). [1] The body is of medium length, broad in the back and with a deep, full and well-rounded breast. [7] It is clean-legged and fairly close-feathered, and has a broad skull with a rose comb. [2] : 311  The skin and shanks are yellow, [6] and the ear-lobes, face and wattles are red. [1]

Silver-laced cocks may occasionally display hen feathering. [10] : 85–86 

In the United States, nine color varieties are recognized by the American Poultry Association: black (1893), blue (1977), buff (1893), Columbian (1905), golden laced (1888), partridge (1893), silver laced (1883), silver penciled (1902) and white (1888). [3] For bantams, the same nine colors are recognized, with the addition of buff Columbian. [3]

In Europe, the Entente Européenne lists thirty colors. [4] The Poultry Club of Great Britain recognizes barred, black, blue, blue-laced, blue partridge, buff, buff-laced, Columbian, gold-laced, partridge, red, silver-laced, silver-pencilled and white. [2] : 312–317 

Use

It is a dual-purpose breed, raised both for eggs and for meat. It matures moderately rapidly, and hens are good layers of large brown eggs. [1] It is a popular show bird, particularly in Germany. [6]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wyandotte Chicken. The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 7 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Victoria Roberts (2008). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN   9781405156424.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013). Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.
  5. ↑ Breed Classification. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Edgar L. Petty (2001). Wyandottes: The American Breed with an Indian Name and Eurasian Background. SPPA Bulletin. 6 (4): 4–6. Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities. Accessed August 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 [Standard Revision Committee] (1985). The American Standard of Perfection: A Complete Description of All Recognized Breeds and Varieties of Domestic Poultry. Troy, New York: American Poultry Association.
  8. ↑ Conservation Priority Poultry Breeds 2015. The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 15 October 2015.
  9. ↑ Gemeinsame Liste alter und einheimischer Geflügelrassen in Deutschland der GEH und des BDRG (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Accessed July 2016.
  10. ↑ Lewis Stevens (1991). Genetics and Evolution of the Domestic Fowl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521403177. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511525780.007. (subscription required)
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