List of chicken breeds

Last updated

Illustration of thirty-nine varieties of chicken (and one Guinea Fowl) Poultry of the world.jpg
Illustration of thirty-nine varieties of chicken (and one Guinea Fowl)

There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence. [1] Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.

Contents

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin. [1] They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose. [1]

Difference between the sizes of a Brahma Blue rooster and a bantam rooster Backyard chickens Brahma Blue and Bantam.jpg
Difference between the sizes of a Brahma Blue rooster and a bantam rooster

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard, which is still in publication today. [2] [3] Other standards include the Standard of Perfection, the Australian Poultry Standard, and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl. [3] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities. [1]

Table of contents

By place of origin: AfghanistanAlbaniaAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBrazilBulgariaCanadaChileChinaCroatiaCubaCzech RepublicEgyptFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranItalyJapanKoreaKosovoMalaysiaMyanmarNetherlandsNorwayPakistanPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesVietnam

By primary use: EggsMeatDual-purposeExhibition

Other: BantamsHybrids

See also         References         Sources

By place of origin

Afghanistan

Albania

Australia

Australian Australorp breed Australorp Rooster.jpg
Australian Australorp breed

Austria

Belgium

Belgian d'Everberg
ornamental bantam Everbergse baardkriel.jpg
Belgian d'Everberg
ornamental bantam

Brazil

Black Shumen cock Black shumen male.jpg

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

China

Silkie hen Ornamental hen444.jpg
Silkie hen

Croatia

Medimurje Chicken cock 47. izlozba malih zivotinja u Nedeliscu 13.01.2024. - pijetao pasmine Medimurska kokos.jpg

Cuba

Cubalaya cock Cubaroo.jpg
Cubalaya cock

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Egypt

Finland

France

Crevecoeur Crevecoeur chicken.JPG
La Fleche La Fleche close-up.jpg
Faverolles Faverolles cock and hen close-up.jpg

Germany

The oldest German breed, the Bergische Kraher
(illustration by Jean Bungartz, 1885) Tab47 Huhner (Geflugel-Album, Jean Bungartz, 1885).jpg
The oldest German breed, the Bergische Kräher
(illustration by Jean Bungartz, 1885)
The longtailed Phoenix, a German breed derived from the Japanese Onagadori. Phoenix rooster and hen.jpg
The longtailed Phoenix, a German breed derived from the Japanese Onagadori.
The auto-sexing Bielefelder, created in the 70s Bielefelder-kennhuhn.jpg
The auto-sexing Bielefelder, created in the 70s

Large breeds

Bantams

Greece

Iceland

India

Aseel, a fighting breed RidleysHead.jpg
Aseel, a fighting breed

Indonesia

Sumatra cock Blauwe sumatra.jpg
Ayam Cemani Ayam Cemani Rooster.jpg
  • Kedu (nationally standardized)
  • Sentul (nationally standardized)
  • Kokok Balenggek (nationally standardized)
  • Pelung (long-crower from West Java, locally standardized)

Iran

Iranian Orloff breed Russian Orloff in winter.jpg
Iranian Orloff breed

Italy

Leghorn hen ARS-White Leghorn hen.jpg
Leghorn hen

Japan

Korea

Kosovo

Malaysian serama In Fond Memory - Kokoq.jpg
Malaysian serama

Malaysia

Mariana Islands

Myanmar

Netherlands

Barnevelders BarnevelderTrio.jpg

Norway

Pakistan

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Naked-neck Fekete erdelyi kopasznyaku kakas.jpg
Two Styrian hens with rich tufts Altsteirer.JPG
Two Styrian hens with rich tufts

Russia

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

Spain

Minorca rooster Rooster at Scottish poultry show.jpg
Minorca rooster
A Cantabrian Pedresa rooster with no tail feathers Gallu pedres.jpg
A Cantabrian Pedresa rooster with no tail feathers

Sweden

Switzerland

The Appenzeller Spitzhauben, a rare Swiss crested breed Appenzeller Spitzhauben trio.jpg
The Appenzeller Spitzhauben, a rare Swiss crested breed

Taiwan

Thailand

Turkey

Turkish Sultan breed A White Sultan (chicken).jpg
Turkish Sultan breed

Ukraine

United Kingdom

A buff Orpington cock Coq orpington fauve.JPG
A buff Orpington cock

United States of America

Vietnam

By primary use

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

Eggs

Araucana Araucana hen showing ear tufts.jpg

Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

Meat

Most farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production. Some breeds are raised mainly for meat:

Dual-purpose

dual-purpose Barred
Plymouth Rock breed Sophia and ZsuZsu walking the property.jpg
dual-purpose Barred
Plymouth Rock
breed

The generalist breeds used in barnyards worldwide are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

Exhibition

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks.

Key

U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.

G denotes a game breed.

Modern Game chicken Modern Game pair.jpg

Bantams

Golden Sebright cockerel Golden sebright cockerel.jpg
Golden Sebright cockerel

Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

Crossbreeds

Many common strains of crossbred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards; thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, crossbreeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most crossbreed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

See also

Footnotes

  1. Czech language names Czech gold brindle chicken include Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, and Češka. [11] [12]
  2. The original breed of bantam chicken is ancestor to all "bantam" breeds. It originated in Indonesia and there is called Ayam Kate.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Game</span> American breed of fighting chicken

The American Game is an American breed of game fowl, chickens bred specifically for cockfighting. It has many color varieties, and may also be kept for ornament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Araucana</span> Chilean breed of chicken

The Araucana is a breed of domestic chicken from Chile. The name derives from the historic Araucanía region where it is believed to have originated. It lays blue-shelled eggs, one of very few breeds that do so.

Rumpless chickens are characterised by caudal dysplasia, the absence of the pygostyle or caudal appendage – the "parson's nose". This is the result of inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. The mutation which causes it is unknown; two candidates have been proposed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silkie</span> Chinese chicken breed

The Silkie is a Chinese breed of chicken named for its atypically fluffy plumage, which is said to feel like silk and satin. The breed has several other unusual qualities, such as black skin and bones, blue earlobes, and five toes on each foot, whereas most chickens have only four. They are often exhibited in poultry shows, and also appear in various colors. In addition to their distinctive physical characteristics, Silkies are well known for their calm and friendly temperament. It is among the most docile of poultry. Hens are also exceptionally broody, and care for young well. Although they are fair layers themselves, laying only about three eggs a week, they are commonly used to hatch eggs from other breeds and bird species due to their broody nature. Silkie chickens have been bred to have a wide variety of colors which include but are not limited to: Black, Blue, Buff, Partridge, Splash, White, Lavender, Paint and Porcelain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leghorn chicken</span> Italian breed of chicken

The Leghorn, Italian: Livorno or Livornese, is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany, in central Italy. Birds were first exported to North America in 1828 from the Tuscan port city of Livorno, on the western coast of Italy. They were initially called "Italians", but by 1865 the breed was known as "Leghorn", the traditional anglicisation of "Livorno". The breed was introduced to Britain from the United States in 1870. White Leghorns are commonly used as layer chickens in many countries of the world. Other Leghorn varieties are less common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barnevelder</span> Breed of chicken

The Barnevelder is a Dutch breed of domestic chicken. It resulted from cross-breeding between local Dutch chickens and various "Shanghai" birds imported from Asia to Europe in the later part of the nineteenth century; these may have been of Brahma, Cochin or Croad Langshan type. It is named for the town and gemeente (municipality) of Barneveld, in Gelderland in the central Netherlands. The hens are good layers of large brown eggs and, unlike some other breeds, continue to lay well during winter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malay Game</span> Breed of chicken

The Malay Game is a breed of game chicken. It is among the tallest breeds of chicken, and may stand over 90 cm high.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Flèche chicken</span> French breed of chicken

The La Flèche, French: Poule de La Flèche, is a rare French breed of dual-purpose domestic chicken. It originates from the département of the Sarthe, in the Pays de la Loire region, and is named for the town and commune of La Flèche in that area, not far from the capital of the Sarthe, Le Mans. The breed was once famous for the fine quality of its meat; since the Second World War, numbers have fallen very low.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marans</span> French breed of chicken

The Marans, French: Poule de Marans, is a French breed of dual-purpose chicken, reared both for meat and for its dark brown eggs. It originated in or near the port town of Marans, in the département of Charente-Maritime, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbu d'Uccle</span> Belgian breed of bantam chicken

The Barbu d'Uccle or Belgian d'Uccle, Dutch: Ukkelse Baardkriel, is a Belgian breed of bearded bantam chicken. It was first bred in the town of Uccle on the outskirts of Brussels, in central Belgium, in the early years of the twentieth century. It is a true bantam, with no standard-sized large fowl counterpart, and is one of eleven Belgian true bantam breeds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Houdan chicken</span> French breed of domestic chicken

The Houdan or Poule de Houdan is an old French breed of domestic chicken. It is named for its area of origin, the commune of Houdan, in the département of Yvelines to the west of Paris. It belongs to the crested chicken group, is muffed and bearded, has an unusual leaf-shaped comb, and has five toes on each foot rather than the usual four.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Faverolles chicken</span> Breed of chicken

The Faverolles is a French breed of chicken. The breed was developed in the 1860s in north-central France, in the vicinity of the villages of Houdan and Faverolles. The breed was given the name of the latter village and the singular is thus also Faverolles, not Faverolle. The final "s" is silent in French.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crèvecœur chicken</span> French breed of chicken

The Crèvecœur is an endangered historic breed of crested chicken from the Pays d'Auge, in the Calvados département of Normandy, in north-western France. It is named after the commune of Crèvecœur-en-Auge. It is related to the La Flèche and to other Norman breeds such as the Caumont and Caux and the extinct Pavilly; the Merlerault was formerly considered a sub-type of the Crèvecœur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dutch Bantam</span> Dutch breed of bantam chicken

The Dutch Bantam is a breed of bantam chicken originating in the Netherlands. It is a true bantam, a naturally small bird with no related large fowl from which it was miniaturized. It is kept mainly for exhibition, and has been bred in many color varieties; it is a good layer of small eggs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alsacienne</span> Breed of chicken

The Alsacienne or French: Poule d'Alsace is a breed of domestic chicken from Alsace, in eastern France. It was selectively bred in the 1890s, at a time when Alsace was part of the German Empire. Unlike most other French breeds, it has not been cross-bred with imported Oriental stock.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bielefelder Kennhuhn</span> German breed of chicken

The Bielefelder Kennhuhn or Bielefelder is a German breed of domestic chicken. It was developed in the area of Bielefeld in the 1970s by Gerd Roth, who cross-bred birds of Malines and Welsumer stock with American Barred Rocks to create the breed. Like other breeds with Barred Rock parentage, it is auto-sexing – chicks of different sexes can be distinguished by their colour. There is a bantam version, the Bielefelder Zwerg-Kennhuhn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coucou de Rennes</span> Breed of chicken

Coucou de Rennes is a French breed of chicken.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krüper</span> German breed of chicken


The Krüper is a German breed of creeper chicken. It originates in the former Duchy of Berg, now the Bergisches Land in western Germany, and is one of three chicken breeds from that area, the others being the Bergische Kräher and the Bergische Schlotterkamm. It belongs to the group of original European creeper breeds. The breed has normal-sized and bantam varieties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bourbonnaise (chicken)</span> Breed of chicken

The Bourbonnaise is a French breed of chicken.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niederrheiner</span> German breed of chicken

The Niederrheiner is a German breed of chicken. It is named for the Niederrhein or Lower Rhine region where it originated in the early twentieth century, and derives principally from the Dutch North Holland Blue meat chicken. It was recognized in Germany in 1943. In the twenty-first century it is an endangered breed.

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Sources

Roberts, Victoria (2008). British Poultry Standards. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. ISBN   9781405156424. Complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.