List of goat breeds

Last updated January 03, 2025

Goats - farm animals of domestic goat (Capra hircus) species, small ruminants - are widespread throughout the world and are used in almost any natural and climatic conditions, even those where other productive animals cannot live. Different breeds of goats are adapted to different livestock systems - from small herds of 3-5 heads on meager grazing to large intensive livestock farms, from year-round grazing to fully stable housing, with many intermediate variations between them. Goats are a source of several types of products, of which the main ones are milk, meat and wool. Among the goat breeds there are highly productive specialized, dual-triple-use and universal breeds. External differences between breeds are represented by many major and minor traits that vary in a very wide range. Goat breeds (especially dairy goats) are some of the oldest defined animal breeds for which breed standards and production records have been kept. Selective breeding of goats generally focuses on improving production of fiber, meat, dairy products or goatskin. Breeds are generally classified based on their primary use, though there are several breeds which are considered dual- or multi-purpose.

List

Name	Other names	Origin	Purpose	References
Abaza	Abkhasian, Abkhazskaya	Turkey	milk, meat
Abergelle				^[1]
Afar	Abyssinian short-eared, Adal, Danakil
Agew		Ethiopia
Agrupación de las Mesetas		Spain
Albatinah	Aamil	Oman
Algarvia		Portugal
Aljabal Alakhdar		Oman
Alpine	Alpine polychrome, American Alpine, French Alpine	French Alps	milk
Altai Mountain		Altai Republic	fiber
	Adi Keçi	Turkey	fiber, milk
Andaman local
Anglo-Nubian	Nubian	Great Britain	meat, milk
Angora		Central Anatolia Region	fiber
Appenzell	Chèvre d’Appenzell, Appenzellerziege	Switzerland	milk
Aradi	Aardi, A'ardiyah			^[1]
Arapawa	Arapawa Island Goat	Arapaoa Island	meat, milk
Argentata dell'Etna		Sicily	milk
Arsi-Bale		Ethiopia
Asmari	Gujeri	Afghanistan	pack, meat, milk, fiber
Aspromonte
Assam Hill		India		^[2]
Aswad		Saudi Arabia		^[1]
Attappady black		India		^[3]
Attaouia		Morocco		^[1]
Auckland Island		Auckland Island	meat	^[4]
Australian brown		Australia		^[5]
Australian Cashmere		Australia	fiber
Australian Heritage Angora		Australia		^[6]
Australian Melaan		Australia		^[7]
Australian Miniature		Australia	Pet, milk	^[8]
Azpi Gorri
Azul		NE Brazil		^[1]
Bagot		England
Banatian White		Banat
Barbari		India, Pakistan	meat	^{[ citation needed ]}
Beetal		Punjab region	meat, milk
Belgian Fawn		Belgium	milk
Benadir		Southern Somalia	meat, milk
Bhuj		Northeastern Brazil	meat, milk
Bilberry		Waterford
Bionda dell'Adamello		Lombardy	milk
Black Bengal		India, Bangladesh	meat, goatskin
Boer	Africander, Afrikaner	South Africa	meat
British Alpine		England	milk
Brown Shorthair		Czech Republic	milk
Canary Island	Agrupación caprina canaria	Canary Islands	milk
Canindé		Northeastern Brazil	meat
Carpathian		Southeast Europe	meat, milk
Chyangra		Nepal (High mountains) Himalayas	Wool, meat
Chamba		Himalaya
Chamois Coloured	Chamoisée	Switzerland	meat, milk
Changthangi	Bamar, Pashmina	Tibet, Southwest China, Myanmar	fiber, meat, milk
Chappar		Sindh	meat
Charnequeira		Portugal	meat, milk
Chengde Polled		Northern Hebei	fiber, meat
Chengdu Brown		Sichuan	meat, milk
Chigu		India	fiber, meat
Chué		Northeastern Brazil	meat
Corsican		Corsica	milk
Dera Din Panah		Pakistan	milk
Damani		Pakistan	milk
Damascus	Aleppo, Baladi, Chami, Damascene, Halep, Shami	Syria	milk
Danish Landrace		Denmark	milk
Don		Don River	milk, goatskin, fiber
Drežnica		Slovenia	milk, meat	^[9]
Duan		Guangxi	meat
Dutch Landrace		Netherlands	milk
Dutch Toggenburg		Netherlands	milk
Erzgebirge		Saxony	milk
Fainting	Myotonic	United States	meat
Flemish		Belgium	milk, meat	Vlaamse geit \| Steunpunt Levend Erfgoed (sle.be)
Frisa Valtellinese		Italy	meat
Finnish Landrace		Finland	milk
Garganica	Agrigentina	Gargano	milk, goatskin
Girgentana		Northern Afghanistan, Balochistan, and Kashmir	milk
Göingeget		Sweden
Golden Guernsey		Guernsey	milk
Grisons Striped		Switzerland	milk
Guddi		Himalayas		^[10]
Hailun		Heilongjiang	milk
Haimen		Zhejiang	meat
Hasi		Northeastern Albania	meat, milk
Hejazi		Arabian Peninsula	meat
Hexi Cashmere		Northern Gansu	fiber
Hongtong		Hongdong County	milk
Huaipi		Henan	meat
Huaitoutala		Qinghai	Animal fiber
Hungarian Improved		Hungary	milk
Icelandic	Settlement	Iceland	fiber, meat
Irish		Ireland	meat, milk
Jamnapari	Jamunapari	India	milk	^{[ citation needed ]}
Jining Grey		Shandong	fiber, goatskin
Jonica		Province of Taranto	milk
Kaachan		Pakistan	Milk+meat
Kaghani		Hazara	meat
Kalahari Red		South Africa	meat
Kalbian		Australia	meat
Kamori		Sindh	milk
Kempic	Kempense	Belgium	milk	Kempense geit \| Steunpunt Levend Erfgoed (sle.be)
Kinder		United States	meat, milk
Kiko		New Zealand	meat
Korean Black		Korea	meat
Kri-kri	Cretan, Agrimi, or Cretan Ibex	Eastern Mediterranean	meat
American Lamancha	Lamancha	United States	meat, milk
Laoshan		Shandong	milk
Majorera	Fuerteventura	Canary Islands	milk
Malabari	Tellicherry goat	Malabar region	Meat, milk	^[11]
Maltese		Malta	milk
Massif Central		France	milk, Meat
Markhoz	Maraz	Kurdistan	Mohair, milk
Messinese	Nebrodi	Province of Messina	milk	^[12]
Mini Oberhasli	Oberian, Miniature Oberhasli	Pacific Northwest US	milk
Moxotó		Northeastern Brazil	meat
Murcia-Granada	Murciano Granadina	Southeastern Spain	milk
Murciana	Murcian, Murcien, Murciene, Royal Murciana	Murcia	meat, milk
Nachi		Punjab region	meat
Nigerian Dwarf		West Africa	milk
Nigora		United States	fiber, milk	^[13]
Nera Verzasca		Switzerland	meat, milk
Norwegian		Norway	meat, milk
Oberhasli	Swiss Alpine	Oberhasli	milk
Orobica		Bergamo Alps	milk
Peacock		Switzerland	milk
Pinzgauer		Austria	meat
Philippine		Philippines	meat
Poitou		Western France	milk
Pridonskaya		Russia	milk, Meat, Wool	^[14]
Pygmy	African pygmy, American pygmy	Cameroon	meat, milk, Pet
Pygora		Oregon City	fiber
Pyrenean		France and Spain	meat, milk
Qinshan		Jining	goatskin
Red Boer		South Africa	meat, Pet
Red Mediterranean		Syria	milk	^[15]
Sokoto Red	Maradi Red, Red Sokoto	Nigeria and Niger Republic	Meat, Skin, milk	^[16]^[17]
Repartida		Northeastern Brazil	meat
Rove		France	meat
Russian White		Russia	milk
Saanen		Saanen	milk
Sable Saanen		United States	milk
Sahelian	Sahel	Sahel Belt of West Africa	Meat	^[18]
Valdostana		Italy	meat, milk
Sahelian		West Africa	Goatskin, meat, milk
San Clemente Island		San Clemente Island
Sarda		Sardinia	milk
Short-eared Somali	Abgal
Sirohi	Ajmeri, Devgarhi,Parvatsari	Sirohi Ajmer, Nagaur, Tonk, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Chitorgarh, Udaipur, Rajasamand, Bhilwara, Jaipur and other districts of Rajasthan (India)	Meat and milk
Swedish Landrace		Northern Sweden	milk
Somali		Somalia, Djibouti and northeastern Kenya	milk, meat, goatskin
Spanish	Brush, scrub	Spain	meat
Stiefelgeiss		St. Gallen	meat
Surati		Maharashtra
Syrian Jabali	Syrian Mountain
Tauernscheck		Austria	milk
Thuringian		Thuringia	milk
Toggenburg		Toggenburg	milk
Uzbek Black		Uzbekistan	fiber
Valais Blackneck		Southern Switzerland	meat, milk
Vatani	Afghan native black
Verata		Vera	meat, milk
West African Dwarf	African dwarf	West and Central Africa
White Shorthaired		Czech Republic	milk
Xinjiang		Xinjiang	fiber, meat, milk	^[19]^[20]
Xuhai		Jiangsu	meat
Yemen Mountain		Yemen
Zalawadi	Tara bakari	Gujarat	fiber, meat, milk
Zhiwulin Black		Shaanxi	fiber, meat	^[21]^[20]
Zhongwei	Chung-wei, Chaungway, Chzhun'veiskaya	China	fiber, Pelt

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boer goat</span> South African breed of goat

The Boer or Boerbok is a South African breed of meat goat. It was selectively bred in the Eastern Cape from about 1920 for meat qualities and for the ability to survive by grazing on the thorn veldt of that region. It has been exported to many countries, and has been used to improve the meat qualities of other breeds.

The American Pygmy is an American breed of achondroplastic (dwarf) goat. It is small, compact and stockily built. Like the Nigerian Dwarf, it derives from the West African Dwarf group of breeds of West Africa. Between 1930 and 1960, animals of this type were imported to the United States for use either as zoo animals or for research; some were later kept and bred as companion animals and established as a breed in 1975.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nigerian Dwarf goat</span> American breed of goat

The Nigerian Dwarf is a modern American breed of dwarf goat. Like the American Pygmy Goat, it derives from the West African Dwarf group of breeds of West Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toggenburger</span> Swiss breed of goat

The Toggenburger or Toggenburg is a Swiss breed of dairy goat. Its name derives from that of the Toggenburg region of the Canton of St. Gallen, where it is thought to have originated. It is among the most productive breeds of dairy goat and is distributed world-wide, in about fifty countries in all five inhabited continents.

The Oberhasli is a modern American breed of dairy goat. It derives from the subtype of Chamois Colored Goat from the Oberhasli district of the Bernese Oberland in central Switzerland. All purebred members of the breed descend from five Chamois Colored Goats imported to the United States in 1936. A breeder's association was formed in 1977, and a herdbook established in the following year. Until then, goats of this type had been known as Swiss Alpine, and interbred with Alpine goats of other types.

The Nigora is an American breed of small or medium-sized dual-purpose goat, raised both for its milk and for its fiber. It is the result of cross-breeding Nigerian Dwarf bucks with does of mohair breeds such as the Angora.

Morocco leather is a vegetable-tanned leather known for its softness, pliability, and ability to take color. It has been widely used in the manufacture of gloves and the uppers of ladies' shoes and men's low cut shoes, but is commonly associated with wallets, linings for fine luggage, and bookbindings.

The Changthangi or Changpa is a breed of cashmere goat native to the high plateaus of Ladakh in northern India. It is closely associated with the nomadic Changpa people of the Changthang plateau. It may also be known as the Ladakh Pashmina or Kashmiri.

The Damascus goat, also known as Aleppo, Halep, Baladi, Damascene, Shami, or Chami, is a breed of goat. It originated in Syria and was imported by the Antoniades family and the British into Cyprus during the 1920s, where it has been selectively bred. It is a good producer of both milk and meat, so has been given a high priority by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The goat or domestic goat is a species of goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the family Bovidae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. It was one of the first animals to be domesticated, in Iran around 10,000 years ago.

The Beetal goat is a breed from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan is used for milk and meat production. It is similar to the Jamnapari goat and the Malabari goat.

The Finnish Landrace, also called the Finngoat, is a landrace-derived breed of goat originating in western Finland. The breed can come in a variety of colors but is usually grey, pied, or white, and both horned and polled individuals occur. Finnish Landrace goats are typically used for milking, as there is not a strong tradition of goat meat in Finnish cuisine, unlike in southern Europe. Finngoats are the only breed of goat native to Finland, and originate from native goats crossed with other European imports, especially from Switzerland.

The Xinjiang goat breed from the mountains of Xinjiang in China is used for the production of milk, cashmere, and meat.

Ruda is a breed of sheep found mostly in Albania and Croatia. In 2009, Ruda sheep is the most endangered breed of sheep in the Republic of Croatia. The Ruda sheep originated from the Romanian Tsigai, a fine fleeced sheep in the Balkans. The Ruda may be related to the Romanian Tsigai. This breed is primarily raised for wool.

The British Alpine is a British breed of dairy goat bred in the early twentieth century. It is black with white Swiss markings on the face.

Mycoplasma adleri is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. This genus of bacteria lacks a cell wall around their cell membrane. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. Mycoplasma are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered, can survive without oxygen and are typically about 0.1 μm in diameter. It is found in goats where it causes infection. The type strain is strain G145 = ATCC 27948 = CIP 105676. Its genome has been determined. M. adleri is gram negative and appears round or coccobacillary in form. Individual cells vary in diameter from 300 to 600 nm, and each is surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. The cell has a ‘fried-egg’ resemblance on a variety of growth media. It is anaerobic.

The Huacaya alpaca is a breed of alpaca that has a unique appearance and fiber quality. This breed is the most popular alpaca breed with population numbers reaching 2.8 million in Peru alone. They share biological components with other species in the Camelidae family. Their digestive tract, nutrition requirements, and herd behavior mirror that of all camelids. They also survive amidst similar predation, poison, and disease threats that endanger all camelids alike.

The Malabari or Tellicherry is an Indian breed of domestic goat. It is bred in the Malabar district of Kerala, and are sometimes called '. They are bred mostly for meat, but it also produces milk. Females weigh an average of 30.68kg while males weigh 41.20kg, and their coats are white, black, or piebald. Although they are similar to the Beetal goat, Malabari goats weigh less, have shorter ears and legs, and have larger testicles. There was an effort to crossbreed the Malabari goats with Boer goats, but this practice is controversial.

The sea goat or goat fish is a legendary aquatic animal described as a creature that is half-goat and half-fish.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive bacterium known to infect ruminants, horses - and rarely - people. It is a facultative anaerobic organism that is catalase-positive and capable of beta-hemolysis. In small ruminants, C. pseudotuberculosis causes a disease called caseous lymphadenitis, which is characterized by pyogranulomatous abscess formation. In general, the bacterium causes lesions of the skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs. A disease known as ulcerative lymphagenitis can also result from infection with C. pseudotuberculosis in the distal limbs of horses. This bacterium uses the virulence factors phospholipase D and mycolic acid to damage eukaryotic cell walls and resist phagocytic lysosomal degradation, respectively. Infection with this bacterium is often confirmed by bacterial culture of the purulent exudate. Once the diagnosis has been made, treatment of the infection can begin, but this is difficult due to the nature of the organism and the lesions it forms. Specifically, C. pseudotuberculosis is intrinsically resistant to streptomycin, with varying resistance to penicillin and neomycin depending on the strain. It has been shown to be susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol. Vaccines have also been produced to develop acquired immunity to this infection.

References

1 2 3 4 5 Porter, Valerie (2002). Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties.
↑ "Breeds of Goat". Assam Small Farmers' Agri-Business Consortium. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
↑ "Attappady Black Goats". Vechur Conservation Trust.
↑ "Auckland Island Goats: A Rare Breed of New Zealand Origin". New Zealand Rare Breeds. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
↑ "The Australian Brown". Dairy Goat Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
↑ "Australian Heritage Angora Goats – PAIRS". Erinac.
↑ "The Australian Melaan". Dairy Goat Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
↑ "MGBAA". Miniature Goat Breeders Association of Australia.
↑ "Drežniška koza / Slovenia (Goat)". fao-dadis-breed-detail.web.app. Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
↑ Dr. Vijaya Salunke (2007). "Animal Resources". India: Human Environment. Geography Standard (Grade) IX. Pune: Secretary Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. p. 31.
↑ Verma, N; Dixit, S P; Dangi, P.s; Aggarwal, Rajeev; Kumar, Santhu; Joshi, B.K. (2009-08-01). "Malabari goats: Characterization, management, performance and genetic variability". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 79: 813–818.
↑ "Messinese" (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
↑ "American Nigora Goat Breeders Association". American Nigora Goat Breeders Association. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
↑ "Pridonskaya goats". GeoMedia.Top. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
↑ "Rossa Mediterranea o Derivata di Siria" (in Spanish). Agraria.org. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
↑ Habibu, B.; Kawu, M.U.; Makun, H.J.; Aluwong, T.; Yaqub, L.S. (December 2016). "Seasonal variation in body mass index, cardinal physiological variables and serum thyroid hormones profiles in relation to susceptibility to thermal stress in goat kids". Small Ruminant Research. 145: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.023. ISSN 0921-4488.
↑ Gall, C. (1996). Goat Breeds of the World. Margraf Publishing, Weikersheim,Germa.
↑ Habibu, B.; Kawu, M.U.; Makun, H.J.; Aluwong, T.; Yaqub, L.S. (December 2016). "Seasonal variation in body mass index, cardinal physiological variables and serum thyroid hormones profiles in relation to susceptibility to thermal stress in goat kids". Small Ruminant Research. 145: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.023. ISSN 0921-4488.
↑ Breed data sheet: Xinjiang/China. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2014.
1 2 Porter, Valerie (ed.), Ian Lauder Mason (2002). Mason's world dictionary of livestock breeds, types, and varieties 5th edition. Wallingford: CABI ISBN 085199430X. p. 160.
↑ Breed data sheet: Ziwuling Black/China. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2014.

Bibliography

Ekarius, Carol (2008). Storey's Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Pigs. Storey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60342-036-5.
"Goat Breeds". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University Dept. of Animal Science. 19 January 2021.
Introduction to Common Goat Breeds Mother Earth News
Raising Goats for Dummies (Wiley, 2010)

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[:0-1] 1 2 3 4 5 Porter, Valerie (2002). Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties.

[2] "Breeds of Goat". Assam Small Farmers' Agri-Business Consortium. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2015.

[3] "Attappady Black Goats". Vechur Conservation Trust.

[4] "Auckland Island Goats: A Rare Breed of New Zealand Origin". New Zealand Rare Breeds. Retrieved December 23, 2012.

[5] "The Australian Brown". Dairy Goat Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

[6] "Australian Heritage Angora Goats – PAIRS". Erinac.

[7] "The Australian Melaan". Dairy Goat Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

[8] "MGBAA". Miniature Goat Breeders Association of Australia.

[9] "Drežniška koza / Slovenia (Goat)". fao-dadis-breed-detail.web.app. Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2021-11-10.

[10] Dr. Vijaya Salunke (2007). "Animal Resources". India: Human Environment. Geography Standard (Grade) IX. Pune: Secretary Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. p. 31.

[11] Verma, N; Dixit, S P; Dangi, P.s; Aggarwal, Rajeev; Kumar, Santhu; Joshi, B.K. (2009-08-01). "Malabari goats: Characterization, management, performance and genetic variability". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 79: 813–818.

[12] "Messinese" (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.

[13] "American Nigora Goat Breeders Association". American Nigora Goat Breeders Association. Retrieved December 23, 2012.

[14] "Pridonskaya goats". GeoMedia.Top. Retrieved 2 July 2017.

[15] "Rossa Mediterranea o Derivata di Siria" (in Spanish). Agraria.org. Retrieved December 23, 2012.

[16] Habibu, B.; Kawu, M.U.; Makun, H.J.; Aluwong, T.; Yaqub, L.S. (December 2016). "Seasonal variation in body mass index, cardinal physiological variables and serum thyroid hormones profiles in relation to susceptibility to thermal stress in goat kids". Small Ruminant Research. 145: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.023. ISSN 0921-4488.

[17] Gall, C. (1996). Goat Breeds of the World. Margraf Publishing, Weikersheim,Germa.

[18] Habibu, B.; Kawu, M.U.; Makun, H.J.; Aluwong, T.; Yaqub, L.S. (December 2016). "Seasonal variation in body mass index, cardinal physiological variables and serum thyroid hormones profiles in relation to susceptibility to thermal stress in goat kids". Small Ruminant Research. 145: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.023. ISSN 0921-4488.

[19] Breed data sheet: Xinjiang/China. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2014.

[mason-20] 1 2 Porter, Valerie (ed.), Ian Lauder Mason (2002). Mason's world dictionary of livestock breeds, types, and varieties 5th edition. Wallingford: CABI ISBN 085199430X. p. 160.

[21] Breed data sheet: Ziwuling Black/China. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2014.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

v t e Breeds and cultivars
Lists of breeds Lists of cultivars
Methods	Backcrossing Crossbreed Inbreeding Marker-assisted selection Mutation breeding Outcrossing Preservation breeding Selective breeding Smart breeding (Marker-assisted selection) Hybrid Purebred
Animal breeds	Cat Cattle Chicken Dog breeding Donkey Duck Goat Goose Guinea pig Horse breeding Pig Pigeon breeding Rabbit Sheep Turkey Water buffalo Backyard breeder Breed standard Breeding back Breeding pair Breeding program Captive breeding Designer crossbreed
Plant cultivars	Apple Japanese Banana Basil Callistemon Canna Cannabis Capsicum Cherimoya Citrus hybrids Coffee Cucumber Gazania Grape Grevillea Hop Mango Narcissus (daffodils) Nemesia Nepenthes Olives Onion Pear Rice Rose breeders cultivars Strawberry Sweet potato Sweetcorn Tomato Venus flytrap
Selection methods and genetics	Culling Marker-assisted selection Natural selection balancing directional disruptive negative selective sweep stabilizing Selection methods in plant breeding Genotype Phenotype Dominance Codominance Epistasis Dwarfing Heterosis Outbreeding depression Inbreeding depression Recessive trait Sex linkage F1 hybrid
Other	Breed registry Breeder profession animal Eugenics Germline Heirloom plant Landrace Rare breed Tree breeding

List of goat breeds

Contents

List

Related Research Articles

References

Bibliography