Most commercial cultivars belong to Mangifera indica, while a few commercial varieties grown in Southeast Asia belong to other Mangifera species.[1] Southeast Asia, Australia, the United States and some African countries cultivate locally selected varieties, while most other countries grow cultivars developed in Florida.[1]
Table of mangoes
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) facility on Old Cutler Road in Coral Gables, Florida, has about 400 varieties of mangoes and is one of the largest depositories of mango plant cultures in the world. The USDA collection was originally believed to have over 500 varieties of mango germplasm, but genetic testing showed several duplicates. In the United States, South Florida is one of the meccas for mangoes due to year-round temperate climate and culture fascinated by mangoes and several nurseries dedicated to bringing new varieties of mangoes into the US by either import or selective breeding. Reviews of older varieties of mangoes were based upon the competition available at the time. Most of the varieties of mangoes available in grocery stores in the United States can trace their lineage to the Haden mango tree, a tree planted by Jack Haden in 1902 in Coral Gables, Florida (Haden itself can be traced back to Malgova which is misspelled Malgoba in US and has its origin in Tamil Nadu, India). The following are among the more widely grown mango cultivars, listed by the country in which they were selected or are most extensively cultivated:
"King of mangoes", very sweet with fibreless pulp, rich in vitamin A and C, found mainly in Raigad & Ratnagiri Districts of Maharashtra, India. This cultivar is available from February till the end of May. The dates of availability of mangoes vary by geography, climate, and weather.
Cross between Dasheri and Neelum mangoes. Considered among the better tasting mangoes with a strong aroma in its leaves. Fruits every year with no alternate bearing unlike other mangoes.
Anderson is a seedling of Sandersha that was planted at the residence of Mrs. L.F. Anderson in Miami, Florida. Anderson is a large mango, growing in length from 26 to 34cm. [Mangoes: A Guide To Mangoes In Florida, p.30] The eating quality was listed as "fair."
Angie mangoes are a dwarfing mango tree from Florida, rated highly for their taste. Angie has a resinous taste, similar to the Carrie mango. Angie is considered to be a disease-resistant mango, but in high humidity environments Angie's new leaf growth is susceptible to mango scab.
Anwar Ratol is a small sized yellow in colour mango sometimes known as mini-sized power house available in the Punjab and Sindh regions of Pakistan. It is also available near Rataul village in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is highly sweet in taste, with few fibres.
It originates from the erstwhile princely state of Banganapalle, in present-day Andhra Pradesh and remains the most produced cultivar in the state.[2] It is obliquely oval in shape, around 20cm in length, with yellow flesh and a thin, smooth yellow skin. The flesh has a firm, meaty texture and is sweet and lacks fibre.[3][4]
Bombay is a vigorous mango tree that bears fruit in June–July in South Florida. It is susceptible to anthracnose. Bombay is the parent of the White Perie mango of Hawaii.
The Ataulfo and Manilita mango cultivars originated from the Philippine Mango variety. It can be traced back in the Manila-Mexico galleon trade in the years 1600–1800s.[6]
Carrie is a seedling of a Sophie Fry from the residence of Lawrence H. Zill of Boynton Beach, Florida. It was named in honor of Mr. Zill's mother, Carrie. The Carrie mango turns slight yellow when ripe, but what it lacks in color, it makes up in taste. The Carrie mango has a strong resinous flavor that is desired by some, and despised by others. A Carrie mango must be allowed to ripen on the tree and develops a strong "musky" flavor when over-ripe.
Chaunsa (also referred to as 'Chausa') is a pale yellow, slightly green succulent variety of mango when near ripe. Closer to its ripening, the mango skin will become slightly wrinkly and soft to the touch. Chaunsa is harvested in the summer months (June–September).
Coconut Cream is part of the selective breeding program by Zills High Performance and is patented. The fruit tastes like coconut cream pie. The branches of the tree grow in arcs and curve around, making a complex tree canopy.
Choc Anan is known as the ever-bearing mango tree because of its potential to have a mango crop during the summer and winter. Some speculate that removing the summer crop may increase the chances of a winter crop by allowing the tree to save the energy that would have been used for fruit production in the summer.
Cogshall is from Pine Island, Florida. It is an excellent eating quality, but is not commercially available because of a very short shelf-life and thin skin that would bruise easily.
Grafts and propagations from a mother tree near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India have been widely grown in North India, Nepal, Pakistan and as far south as Andhar Pradesh since the 18th century.
An excellent quality mango, it is grown for export, and can be found in markets around southeast Asia.
Dot is an exceptional tasting mango. Dot is a seedling of the Carrie Mango planted at Lawrence Zill's Boynton Beach, Florida home. The dot mango is highly susceptible to anthracnose, so it should not be planted in high humidity locations.
‘Dudhia Malda’ mango of the Digha Ghat region of Patna, Bihar. It is also known as the King of Mangoes. Grown in Digha, Patna, Bihar, and Madhesh province. It is Best Known for its distinctively sweet, thin skin, small seeds, low fiber, milky yellow pulp and a unique sweet aroma[7][8][9][10]
This is a famous variety of mango cultivated in Bihar and is famously irrigated with milk. The specialty of Dudhiya Malda mango grown in Digha is further enhanced due to the soil here. The dry and fertile soil here plays an important role in the sweetness and aroma of Malda mango It is called Dudiya because once the skin of the mango is scratched milk-like liquid oozes out. With its thin skin, small seed, less fibre, milking yellow pulp, and unique sweet aroma, are considered among the best by connoisseurs. If Dussehri of Lucknow is the queen, then Malda of Digha is the "King of Mango".[7][8][9][10]
Duncan mango was patented by David Sturrock of West Palm Beach, Florida. The patent has long since expired. Duncan fruits in clusters and has excellent disease resistance. It is a mid-late season mango.
The 'Fazli' mango is a mango cultivar primarily grown in Bangladesh. and Indian States of West Bengal. It is a late maturing fruit, available after other varieties. Fazlis are commonly used in jams and pickles in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent. Each mango can be quite large, going up to a kilo. Rajshahi in Bangladesh is the major producers of fazli.
Florigon is a seedling of a Saigon planted on the property of John C. Kaiser, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The Florigon tree is vigorous. Florigon is considered to be one of the most disease resistant varieties of mangoes in high humid climates, although the flavor is not on par with many of the newer varieties.
Haden is the "parent" of many, many other varieties of mangoes in the United States. Haden was a Mulgoba seedling. The original Haden tree still stands in Coral Gables, Florida.
The Haribhanga mango is a mango cultivar produced in the northwest part of Bangladesh, especially in the Rangpur district. Cultivation of the Haribhanga mango has recently gained popularity among the farmers of northern districts. Locally called Haribhanga, these mangoes are round in shape and black in color. Haribhanga is highly fleshy, fiberless, and typically weighs 200 to 400 grams.
The Himsagar mango is a popular mango cultivar, originating in the modern-day Rajshahi in Bangladesh and state of West Bengal in India. Widely considered as the Champagne of mangoes, the inside of Himsagar is yellow to orange in colour and does not have any fibre. The fruit is medium-sized and weighs between 250 and 350 grams, out of which the pulp content is around 77%. It has a good keeping quality. It is also known as Khirsapati.
Also known as the Jingu Ivory mango, or Ivory mango, this long, thin mango is named for its resemblance to a young elephant's tusk. It has thin, smooth skin. The flesh contains very few fibre, and constitutes approximately 82 percent of the fruit. It was first introduced into Yunnan, China, from Thailand in 1914. The actual tree that was the first to be imported still grows, and during one year produced almost 500kg of fruit.[11]
A colourful, oval shaped mango with almost flat sides. Has a sweet-tart flavour and a dwarf growth habit. Originated in the Caribbean and is still very popular throughout the region. Julie is a high fibre mango.
Katchamitha originated from India, but has become one of the most common cultivars in the Philippines where it is commonly called the "Indian mango". It is commonly eaten while still green and crispy and has a mildly sweet taste. The flesh is fibrous when ripe compared to the native carabao mango.[12][13]
Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Italy, South Africa, United States
Keitt (pronounced "kit") is one of the latest season mangoes in South Florida (United States), with fruit into October. Backyard Keitts in South Florida regularly get to 2 pounds, and occasionally as large as 5 pounds.
Large kidney shaped mango that ripens to a golden yellow colour with piquant flesh Commonly exported to the United States in spring; often a feature of NYC fruit stands. Madame Francis is a high fiber mango.
Mahachanok is an oblong commercial mango from Asia, with yellow to orange color exterior when ripe. Described as a fiberless, sweet, and pleasant mango. The leaves of the tree are dark green and slimmer than many other mango trees.
Weighing 9 to 12 oz, with the general shape of a fat cashew nut, Neelam are smooth-skinned and bright yellow upon ripening and have no blush. The flesh is deep yellow to orange, with no fibres and a rich, aromatic flavor that may overpower an unaccustomed palate. They have a late ripening season and can be stored for an extended time. Fruit should be harvested when mature green and ripened at room temperature off the tree.
It is a juicy variety and owes its origin to the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh . The name is derived from the Telugu words Panchadara , meaning sugar, and kalasa , meaning a pot .
Piña Colada is part of the selective breeding program by Zills High Performance. Piña Colada is a small fruit that packs a lot of flavor. The tree is unproductive and susceptible to anthracnose.
Along with the Carabao mango, it is one of the most commonly cultivated mango cultivars of the Philippines. Elongated fruits with prominent beak. Light orange when ripe. Flesh rich orange to red. Sweet, fairly acidic, with short fibers.
Rosa ("pink") mango is a variety found more easily in Northeast Region of Brazil, also known as 'Rosa da Bahia' or 'Rosa de Pernambuco'. Because it is very sweet but also very fibrous, it is mostly used to prepare juices or desserts in which it will be crushed.
Rosigold is among the earliest season mangoes in South Florida. The quality is considered average,[according to whom?] but at a time of year when there are no fresh mangoes, it is in its own class. Rosigold is susceptible to anthracnose.
Significantly aromatic and sweet, the flesh of the Sindhri is soft, slick, and orange when fully ripe. Although many enjoy it as is, other consumers find the Sindhri wanting in sourness and may wish to eat it before it is fully ripe.
One of the older cultivars from Florida, but still good tasting. It is a large mango, but Due to its size it has uneven ripening. The uneven ripening is known as "jelly seed," where the flesh around the seed is overripe and soft.
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type". Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.
Malgova' or Malgoa is an important mango cultivar mainly grown in Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka and also in other parts of South India. It is a large round fruit, it has a small hard seed inside and is very juicy and fragrant. It is generally considered to be one of the best mangoes. Its production area is centred on the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, as well as neighbouring parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
Florida is the largest producer of mangoes in the United States.
References
1 2 Litz, Richard E., ed. (2009). The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses (2nded.). CABI. pp.68–70. ISBN978-1-84593-489-7.
↑ Mango Varieties(PDF). Agricultural Training Institute, Department of Agriculture, Republic of the Philippines. 2005. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2016-07-03. Retrieved 2019-01-13.
↑ "Katchamitha Mango". Research Development Extension. University of the Philippines Los Baños. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
