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| Mangifera 'Alphonso' | |
|---|---|
 Alphonso mangoes | |
| Genus | Mangifera |
| Species | Mangifera indica |
| Cultivar | 'Alphonso' |
| Marketing names | Hapus [1] |
| Origin | India |
The Alphonso mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in India. [2]
The variety is named after Afonso de Albuquerque, a distinguished militarian and viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515. [2] Jesuit missionaries introduced grafting on mango trees in Portuguese Goa, to produce varieties like Alphonso. [3] In 1563, Garcia da Orta wrote of Alphonsos grown in Portuguese Bombay, which were to be presented to the governor (viceroy) in Goa. [4] Alphonso is also one of the most expensive varieties of mango, [2] and is grown mainly in the Konkan region of western India. [5] [6] [7] and also grown in the Valsad and Navsari districts of South Gujarat. [8]
The Alphonso mango is a seasonal fruit harvested from mid-April through the end of June. [2] The time from flowering to harvest is about 90 days, while the time from harvest to ripening is about 15 days. [9] The fruits generally weigh between 150 and 300 grams (5.3 and 10.6 oz), have a rich, creamy, tender texture and delicate, non-fibrous, juicy pulp. [10] As the fruit matures, the skin of an Alphonso mango turns golden-yellow with a tinge of red across the top of the fruit. [10]
Mango sorbet, ice cream, lassi, soufflé, mousse, and puree are some culinary preparations using Alphonso mangoes.
The Alphonso is prized in domestic and international markets for its taste, fragrance and vibrant color. [2] It is exported to various countries, including Japan, Korea and Europe. [11]
An import ban imposed in 1989 by the United States on Indian mangoes, including the Alphonso, was lifted in April 2007. [12] However, the mangoes needed to be treated before entering the country in order to stop the introduction of non-native fruit flies, destructive fungi, and other pests that could harm American agriculture. The European Union imposed a ban beginning in April 2014 on import of mangoes after finding "non-European fruit flies" in some consignments, creating a significant threat to UK salad crops. [13] The Indian government had described this decision as arbitrary and businesses claimed they would suffer financial losses due to the ban.
In January 2015, the European Commission lifted the ban following significant improvements in the Indian mango export system. [14]
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type". Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.
The State of India, also known as the Portuguese State of India or Portuguese India, was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of the sea route to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama, a subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. The capital of Portuguese India served as the governing centre of a string of military forts and maritime ports scattered along the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
Sindhudurg district is an administrative district of the Konkan division in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri district. The district headquarters are located at Oros. The district occupies an area of approximately 5,207 km2 and has a population of 849,651, of which 12.59% were urban. As of 2011, it is the least populous district of Maharashtra.
Devgad is a taluka in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, India consisting of 98 villages. It is located on the Arabian Sea in the coastal Konkan region of Maharashtra, south of Mumbai. Devgad is known globally for its exports of locally grown Alphonso mangoes.
Carissa carandas is a species of flowering shrub in the family Apocynaceae. It produces berry-sized fruits that are commonly used as a condiment in Indian pickles and spices. It is a hardy, drought-tolerant plant that thrives well in a wide range of soils. Common names in English include Bengal currant, Christ's thorn, Carandas plum, Karonda, Karanda and Kanna.
Banganapalle mangoes is a mango variety produced in Banganapalle of Nandyal District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It alone occupies 70% percent of total mango cultivable area of the state and was first introduced by the farmers of Banaganapalli. It was registered as one of the geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh on 3 May 2017, under horticultural products by Geographical Indication Registry. It is also grown in the other parts of India and Pakistan. The fruit is described as obliquely oval in shape, around 20cm in length, with yellow flesh and a thin, smooth yellow skin. The flesh is of a firm, meaty texture and is sweet and lacks fibre. The cultivar is the most sought after in Andhra Pradesh. It is a very late-season variety that is good for canning. This cultivar is a source of vitamin A & C and is also called king of Mangoes.
Bombay, also called Bom Bahia or Bom Baim in Indo-Portuguese creole, Mumbai in the local language; is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. It's also the cosmopolitan city centre of the Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area, and the cultural base of the Bollywood film industry. At the time of arrival of the Portuguese Armadas, Bombay was an archipelago of seven islands. Between the third century BCE and 1348, the islands came under the control of successive Hindu dynasties. The Delhi Sultanate had been ruling the area along with Chaul, New Bombay (Thana) & Damaon; with the local administration at Bassein (Vasai) since the raids of Malik Kafur in the Konkan region and across the Indian subcontinent. This territory in North Konkan along with the Bombay islands were later taken over by the Sultan of Guzerat from 1391 to 1534, when he had declared the end of the suzerainty to Delhi, after the Timurid invasion of it. Growing apprehensive of the power of the Moghal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein on 23 December 1534; according to which, the Seven Islands of Bombay, Fort San Sebastian of Bassein in strategic town of Bassein (Vasai), and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese East Indies. The places were only later officially surrendered on 25 October 1535, by the Sultan of Guzerat.
Malgova' or Malgoa is an important mango cultivar mainly grown in Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka and also in other parts of South India. It is a large round fruit, it has a small hard seed inside and is very juicy and fragrant. It is generally considered to be one of the best mangoes. Its production area is centred on the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, as well as neighbouring parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
Garcinia indica, a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses. It grows primarily in India's Western Ghats: in the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. It is considered as an endemic species to the Western Ghats and forests in India.
The Lakshmanbhog is a mango with very sweet taste, which is grown and harvested in the Indian state of West Bengal. Since 2008, the term Malda Laxman Bhog Mango is a registered geographical indication referring to the product—the Laxmanbhog mango—produced within Malda district. Apart from West Bengal, this mango is cultivated in Bihar and the neighboring country of Bangladesh. Mangoes are almost fibreless and agreeable in flavor; attractive orange yellow in color and very sweet in taste.
Girye is a small village in Devgad Taluka in Sindhudurg district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located on the west coast of Maharashtra.
The 'Gir Kesar' mango, also called Kesar, is a mango cultivar grown in the foothills of Girnar in Gujarat, western India. The mango is known for its bright orange colored pulp and was given the geographical indication status in 2011. The biggest market of Gir Kesar is in Talala Gir known as a Mango Market Yard.
The 'Raspuri' mango is an extremely popular variety of mango in South Indian state of Karnataka especially grown in and around Bengaluru, Ramanagara, Kolar, Chikkaballapura, Tumakuru. This fruit is also known as sweet mango. It is also known as the Pairi mango in Maharashtra state.
The 'Kari Ishad' mango, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in Ankola and Karwar talukas of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India.
The 'Mankurad' mango, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in the coastal state of Goa, India. It is also cultivated in Vengurla and Malvan talukas of Maharashtra along within Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Malcorado, Mancurad, Mankur, Kurad, Corado are variations of the same name. Mankurad varieties include the Cardozo Mancurad, Costa Mancurad, Gawas Mancurad, and Amaral Mancurad.
The Khola chilli is a variety of chilli mainly grown in the Indian state of Goa.
The 'Kuttiattoor' mango or Kuttiattoor Manga, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in the village of Kuttiattoor, Kannur district of Kerala, India. 'Nambiar maanga', 'Kannapuram maanga', 'Kunjimangalam manga' and 'Vadakkumbhagam manga,' are the variations of the same name.
The 'Marathwada Kesar mango', is a mango cultivar primarily grown in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. Districts where they are primarily grown are Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Jalna, Beed and Latur.
Khirsapat mango is a variety of mango. It starts ripening from the beginning of summer. The fruits are drupes, and are medium-sized and round in shape. They are approximately 8 cm long, 7 cm wide, and weigh about 264 grams. The stalk of the Khirsapat mango is quite thick and firm. The skin is smooth, and when ripe, the upper part turns yellow. The middle to lower part of the mango remains light green. The edible portion is 67.2%. The flesh is fiberless and yellowish. The fruit is aromatic, juicy, and sweet.
The Goan cashew refers to the variety of the Cashew fruit grown in the Indian state of Goa, which is one of the major Cashew-growing Indian states.In the entire state of Goa, the cashew crop spans approximately 55,302 hectares, yielding an estimated 27,070 tonnes annually. Goa Kaju or Goa Caju are variations of the same name.
