List of Canna cultivars

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This list of Canna cultivars is a gallery of named cultivars of plants in the genus Canna that are representative of the various Canna cultivar groups (i.e., groups of very similar cultivars [1] ).

Contents

Names of cultivars conform to the rules of the International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) Commission for Nomenclature and Cultivar Registration, as laid down in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. They are registered with an International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA), which for the genus Canna is the Royal General Bulbgrowers' Association of the Netherlands (KAVB). [1]

Foliage group

Cultivars, F1 and F2 hybrids, normally with small species-like flowers, but grown principally for their foliage. [2] [3] [4] This group has occasionally been referred to as the Année Group, after the originator, Théodore Année, the world's first Canna hybridizer. However, the use of an accented character in the name creates problems, both in pronunciation and keyboard entry, that it was felt that as they were grown primarily for foliage, then "Foliage Group" was the better name choice. [2]

Crozy group

A cultivar group where the flower spikes are arranged close together on the stalk and have narrow to medium petals. There is always space between the staminodes when arranged formally,[ clarification needed ] and the labellum (lip) is smaller than the staminodes, and is often twisted or curled. [2] [3] [4] [5]

The pioneer of this group was Monsieur Crozy of Lyons, France, who started breeding cannas as early as 1862, from stock originally developed by Théodore Année. [3] [4] [6]

They are sometimes referred to as gladiolus flowering cannas, but describing flowers as similar to another genus is not encouraged. [7] In the past, they were called the Canna × generalis L.H. Bailey garden species, but the use of nothospecies for complex garden hybrids have been replaced by Cultivar Groups in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. [1]

Italian group

A cultivar group with large, fragile staminodes. Flowers are arranged somewhat loosely, with wide petals, so wide that there is no space between them, when arranged formally. The labellum (lip) is larger, or at least as large, as the staminodes, unlike the other groups where it is smaller and sometimes curled. The stamen is also much wider than that in the other cultivar groups. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Also, used to be called the orchid flowering cannas, or C. × orchiodes L.H. Bailey garden species, [3] [4] [7] although such "pretend" species are now deprecated in favour of Cultivar Groups. [1] In any event, it is difficult to see the similarity between this group and orchids. [7]

Most of this group obtained its larger sized flowers from the introduction of Canna flaccida in the early 1890s by Dr Sprenger in Naples, Italy followed shortly afterwards by Luther Burbank in California, United States, with the same cross. [3] [4]

Australian group

The result of a crossing of a Foliage Group seed parent with an Italian Group pollen parent (C. 'Red Stripe' x C. 'Bengal Tiger'), which resulted in the very large leaves of the Foliage Group allied with large flowers. [8]

Premier group

This grouping contains cultivars that have a large, circular shape, without gaps between the staminodes when ordered. These are derived from triploids and crosses with the Italian Group cultivars. [2] [3] [4] [9]

Variegated group

Cultivars with variegated foliage, regardless of what other Group they may belong to. [2] [3] [4] [7]

Conservatory group

The growing conditions in a conservatory are quite specialised and do not suit many cultivars, this group have been selected for thriving in this environment, required features being plant vigor, early flowering, foliar appearance, self-cleaning ability and good propagation qualities. The originator of this group was Robert Armstrong (geneticist) while he was working at Longwood Gardens in the United States in 1967. [10] [ full citation needed ]

Aquatic group

Cultivars that thrive as marginal water plants. Characteristically, they will have lance-shaped foliage and long, thin rhizomes. [2] [3] [4] [7] [10] [ full citation needed ]

Miniature group

Cultivars growing under 0.5m (19") high, the flowers should be in scale to the rest of the plant. [2] [4]

Agriculture group

Cultivars grown selectively for agricultural usage, normally for their very large rhizomes and a high starch yield. See Canna Agriculture Group for more details. [2] [3] [11] [12]

Musaefolia Group

The Musaefolia Group, having large leaves and being either tall or giant in size consists of cultivars whose leaves resemble those of banana plants (genus Musa ). Until this group was designated, the cultivars were considered to be members of the Foliage Group.

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Canna</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae

Canna or canna lily is the only genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae, consisting of 10 species. All of the genus's species are native to the American tropics and naturalized in Europe, India and Africa in the 1860s. Although they grow native to the tropics, most cultivars have been developed in temperate climates and are easy to grow in most countries of the world, as long as they receive at least 6–8 hours average sunlight during the summer, and are moved to a warm location for the winter. See the Canna cultivar gallery for photographs of Canna cultivars.

<i>Canna indica</i> Species of flowering plant

Canna indica, commonly known as Indian shot, African arrowroot, edible canna, purple arrowroot, Sierra Leone arrowroot, is a plant species in the family Cannaceae. It is native to much of South America, Central America, the West Indies, and Mexico. It is also naturalized in the southeastern United States, and much of Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.

Canna Italian Group 'Trinacria Variegata'. The earliest mention of this cultivar is in 1927, An Amateur in an Indian Garden by S. Percy-Lancaster, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., M.R.A.S., in which it was described and referred to by this name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canna 'Roma'</span> Flowering plant cultivar

Canna Italian Group 'Roma' is a tall aquatic Italian Group cultivar, equally at home as a water marginal or in the border; large green foliage, oval shaped, white margin, upright habit; round stems, coloured green & purple; flowers are open, yellow with orange blotches, throat red-orange, staminodes are large, edges lightly frilled, stamen is orange-red, petals red, fully self-cleaning; seed is sterile, pollen is low fertile; rhizomes are long and thin, coloured white and pink; tillering is prolific. Introduced by C. Sprenger, Dammann & Co., Naples, Italy, EU in 1898.

Canna 'Austria' is a medium sized Italian Group Canna cultivar with green foliage, oblong shaped, upright habit; oval stems, coloured green; flowers are cupped, self-coloured yellow, throat orange-red spots on yellow, staminodes are large; seed is sterile, pollen is low fertile; rhizomes are long and thin, coloured white; tillering is prolific. Introduced by C. Sprenger, Dammann & Co., Naples, Italy, EU in 1893.

Canna 'Phasion' is a medium sized Italian Group cultivar; green, bronze and pink variegated foliage, ovoid shaped, branching habit; oval stems, coloured red; clusters of flowers are open, tangerine-orange and burnt-red, staminodes are large, edges frilled, petals purple with farina, fully self-cleaning; seed is sterile, pollen is sterile; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and purple; tillering is average. Originally a spontaneous mutation, probably of Canna 'Wyoming', as it has been known to revert its foliage colour to that identical to that old cultivar. Sold in the US and elsewhere as Canna Tropicanna®, it was protected under US Plant Patent #10,569. Because the patent was issue on 1998-08-25, it has now expired and propagation is now allowed. The plant can be sold under its cultivar name Phasion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canna 'Florence Vaughan'</span> Flowering plant cultivar

Canna 'Florence Vaughan' is a medium Crozy Group canna cultivar; green foliage, oval shaped, branching habit; oval stems, coloured green; flowers are open, yellow with red spots, staminodes are medium size, edges regular, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is average. Introduced by A. Crozy, Lyon, France in 1892.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canna 'Madame Crozy'</span>

Canna 'Madame Crozy' is a medium-sized 'Crozy Group' canna cultivar; green foliage, large, ovoid shaped, branching habit; oval stems, coloured red; spikes of flowers are open, scarlet with a narrow gold margin, throat gold with vermilion spots, staminodes are medium size, edges regular, petals red, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not true to type, self-pollinating; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured purple; tillering is prolific. It was introduced by A. Crozy, Lyon, France in 1890 and was named in honour of his wife. It was awarded the RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM), in 1890.

Canna 'Bengal Tiger' is an Italian Group canna cultivar with variegated foliage; plant height 190 cm; foliage height 140 cm; upright stems and gently spreading leaves; ovoid foliage, background of green (137A); veins variegated yellow, but paler in places (13D); maroon edge to leaf; staminodes, labellum and stamen bright orange (28B) blushed a darker, reddish (32A) in places; yellow (15A) on edges; stigma deep orange-red; petals strongly flushed red. The flower has a crumpled silk appearance; seed and pollen has very low fertility levels; rhizomes thick, up to 3 cm in diameter.

Canna 'Yellow King Humbert' Burbank is a medium sized Italian Group Canna cultivar; foliage green, but often variegated purple markings and occasionally whole leaves purple, oval shaped, spreading habit; oval stems, coloured green + purple; flower clusters are open, spotted, colours yellow with red spots, often large red markings and occasionally whole flowers red, staminodes are large; seed is sterile, pollen is sterile; rhizomes are long and thin, coloured white and purple; tillering is prolific.

Canna 'Roi Humbert' is an Italian Group canna cultivar; bronze foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; oval stems, coloured purple; flowers are cupped, self-coloured scarlet, staminodes are large, edges ruffled, fully self-cleaning; seed is sterile, pollen is sterile; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured purple; tillering is average. Introduced by C. Sprenger, Dammann & Co, Naples, Italy, EU in 1908.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canna 'R. Wallace'</span> Flowering plant cultivar

Canna 'R. Wallace' is a medium sized, Crozy Group canna cultivar; green foliage, oblong shaped, white margin, spreading habit; round stems, coloured green; flowers are open, pale yellow with red spots, staminodes are large, edges regular, stamen is rose-red with small yellow flecks; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules round; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and pink.

Canna 'Pringle Bay' is a miniature Italian and variegated group canna cultivar; variegated foliage, oval shaped, spreading habit; flowers are open, self-coloured pink, staminodes are large; fertile both ways, not true to type, not self-pollinating; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured pink and purple. Its main attraction is the bright variegated foliage, green, bronze and pink. Only about 40 cm in height.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Ludwig Sprenger</span> German botanist

Carl Ludwig Sprenger was a German botanist, born on 30 November 1846 at Güstrow, Mecklenburg and died 13 December 1917 on the island of Corfu (Kérkyra).

<i>Canna paniculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Canna paniculata is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m (650-6,500 ft).

Canna 'Musaefolia' is a cultivar in to the Foliage Group of Cannas. The cultivar was first described in the first work devoted to Canna, Le Canna, authored by M. Chaté in 1867 with Monsieur Théodore Année. The Musaefolia members of the Foliage Group consist of a specimen that was accepted as a native species of Peru by the experts of the time and at least 7 hybrids and cultivars carrying that parentage. The original "species" was unique because it was without rhizomes, and required to be kept constantly growing. No such species is known to exist in this age, and leading authorities treat C. musaefolia as a synonym of C. paniculata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre Antoine Marie Crozy</span>

Pierre Antoine Marie Crozy (1831-1903) [also called Crozy aîné—French for "elder"] was a nineteenth-century French rose breeder. He was a partner in the French firm, Avoux & Crozy, La Guillotière, Lyon, actively breeding roses from the 1850s to 1860s. From the early 1860s until his death in 1903 he was also hybridising Canna species, and introduced many hundreds of new cultivars. The largest Canna Group today is still called the Crozy Group, and many of those cultivars are still being raised.

Canna 'Trinacria' is a tall 'Italian Group' Canna cultivar; with light green foliage, large, oval shaped, branching habit; clusters of flowers are open, sulphur-yellow with faint red spots in the throat, staminodes are large, throat pearl base; labellum is sulphur-yellow, throat pearl; stamen is sulphur-yellow, style is sulphur-yellow, petals green, fully self-cleaning, good bloomer; seed is sterile, pollen is low fertile; rhizomes are long and thin, coloured white; tillering is prolific. Introduced by C. Sprenger, Dammann & Co., Naples, Italy, EU.

Théodore Année was a French horticulturist. He was a wealthy diplomatic consul in South America when he retired to France in the mid-1840s and settled in rue des Réservoirs, Passy, Paris, where he devoted himself to the culture of tropical plants from South America, having brought back with him the taste for plants with beautiful foliage, especially the Canna genus.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Brickell, Christopher D. (January 2004). International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (7th ed.). Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. ISBN   90-6605-527-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dalebö, Malcolm (April 24, 2007). "Canna cultivar groups". Canna News. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Khoshoo, T.N.; Guha, I. (1976). "Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas". New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Percy-Lancaster, Sydney (1927). An Amateur in an Indian Garden.
  5. 1 2 Dalebö, Malcolm (24 April 2007). "Comparison of Crozy and Italian Groups". Canna News. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  6. ↑ Chaté, E. (1867). Le Canna, son histoire, sa culture (in French). Librairie Centrale d'Agriculture et de Jardinage.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Cooke, Ian (September 1, 2001). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Canna. Timber Press. ISBN   978-0-88192-513-5.
  8. ↑ Dalebö, Malcolm (October 6, 2008). "Australian Group". Canna News. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  9. ↑ Dalebö, Malcolm (June 29, 2007). "Premier Group". Canna News. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  10. 1 2 Armstrong], Robert. "Plant Introductions".[ permanent dead link ]
  11. ↑ Tanaka, N (2001). "Taxonomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia". Makinoa. 2nd (1): 34–43.
  12. ↑ Yang Fang; Wang PingHua; Xie ShiQing; Zhang WeiGuang; Fang DeHua (2004). "Technique of scarifying and fermenting process of Canna starch". 17 (2). Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences: 231–234.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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