Year of the Three Kings

Several years have been referred to as the Year of the Three Kings or Year of Three Kings. This list does not include all years in which a country has had three kings or three claimants to the throne.

1016 in England ^[1]

Æthelred the Unready died in April, leaving the throne to Edmund Ironside, who reigned only until November, when he died and was succeeded by Cnut the Great.

1066 in England ^[2]

Upon the death of Edward the Confessor in January, Harold Godwinson (Earl of Wessex), William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), and Harald Hardrada (King of Norway) all claimed the title of King of England. Harold defeated Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, leaving him to face William at the Battle of Hastings. William defeated Harold's forces (killing him in the process) and became king.

1483 in England ^[3]

Edward IV died in April. His son Edward V, reigned until June, when his uncle and Lord Protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester deposed him and assumed the throne as Richard III.

1888 and 1889 in Buganda ^{[4] [note 1]}

Mwanga II fled in September 1888 after his chiefs sought to replace him with his brother, Kiweewa. Six weeks later, Muslim chiefs captured Kiweewa and replaced him with their initial pick to be kabaka, Kalema. In 1889, Mwanga retook the throne from Kiweewa.

1936 in the United Kingdom ^[5]

After the death of George V in January, his son Edward VIII became king, only to abdicate in December amidst a constitutional crisis. He was succeeded by his younger brother, George VI.

See also

• Year of the Three Emperors (German Empire, 1888)
• Year of the Three Popes (thirteen years, plus one Year of the Four Popes)
• Year of three prime ministers (several years)
• Year of the Four Emperors (Roman Empire, 69)
• Year of the Five Emperors (Roman Empire, 193)
• Year of the Six Emperors (Roman Empire, 238)
• List of shortest-reigning monarchs, other kings who reigned for only part of a calendar year

Notes

1. While only two kings reigned in 1889, historian Sir John Milner Gray uses "Year of Three Kings" to refer to the full time period between Mwanga II's deposition and restoration to power. ^[4]

References

1. "Congress Speakers". Medieval Institute. Western Michigan University . Retrieved 4 November 2022. Barbara Yorke (University of Winchester), 'The Year of the Three Kings: 1016 in the Context of Early Medieval Succession Disputes'
2. "KS2 History: The Anglo-Saxons. 7: 1066—The year of three kings". BBC School Radio . Retrieved 4 November 2022.
3. St. Aubyn, Giles (1983). The Year of Three Kings, 1483 (First American ed.). New York: Scribner. ISBN   9780689114090.
4. Lubega, Henry (9 January 2021). "The year Buganda was ruled by three kings". The Monitor . Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 5 November 2022. Citing:
   • Gray, John Milner (1950). The Year of the Three Kings of Buganda: Mwanga, Kiwewa, Kalema, 1888–1889. Uganda Journal.
   • Kaggwa, Apolo (1971). The Kings of Buganda. East African Publishing House. ISBN   9780800216337.
5. Adams, R. J. Q. (1993). "1936: The Year of Three Kings". British Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of Appeasement, 1935–39. pp. 35–55. doi:10.1057/9780230375635. ISBN   978-1-349-38905-6.