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Algeria,officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria,is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia;to the east by Libya;to the southeast by Niger;to the southwest by Mali,Mauritania,and Western Sahara;to the west by Morocco;and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The capital and largest city is Algiers,located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast.
A madhhab refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence. The major Sunni madhāhib are Hanafi,Maliki,Shafi'i and Hanbali. They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries CE and by the twelfth century almost all jurists aligned themselves with a particular madhab. These four schools recognize each other's validity and they have interacted in legal debate over the centuries. Rulings of these schools are followed across the Muslim world without exclusive regional restrictions,but they each came to dominate in different parts of the world. For example,the Maliki school is predominant in North and West Africa;the Hanafi school in South and Central Asia;the Shafi'i school in East Africa and Southeast Asia;and the Hanbali school in North and Central Arabia. The first centuries of Islam also witnessed a number of short-lived Sunni madhhabs. The Zahiri school,which is considered to be endangered,continues to exert influence over legal thought. The development of Shia legal schools occurred along the lines of theological differences and resulted in the formation of the Ja'fari madhhab amongst Twelver Shias,as well as the Isma'ili and Zaidi madhhabs amongst Isma'ilis and Zaidis respectively,whose differences from Sunni legal schools are roughly of the same order as the differences among Sunni schools. The Ibadi legal school,distinct from Sunni and Shia madhhabs,is predominant in Oman. Unlike Sunnis,Shias,and Ibadis,non-denominational Muslims are not affiliated with any madhhab.
Constantine,also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina,is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland,Constantine is about 80 kilometres from the Mediterranean coast,on the banks of the Rhumel River.
Islam is the majority and state religion in Algeria. The vast majority of citizens are Sunni Muslims belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence,with a minority of Ibadi Muslims,most of whom live in the M'zab Valley region. Islam provides the society with its central social and cultural identity and gives most individuals their basic ethical and attitudinal orientation. Orthodox observance of the faith is much less widespread and steadfast than is identification with Islam. There are also Sufi philosophies which arose as a reaction to theoretical perspectives of some scholars.
Mohammed Bedjaoui is an Algerian diplomat and jurist. He served as Algeria's ambassador to France and the United Nations among other places. He also served as a judge on the International Court of Justice and as President of the Constitutional Council,Algeria's highest judicial authority of constitutionality review.
The Jaʿfarīschool,also known as the Jafarite school,Jaʿfarīfiqh or Ja'fari jurisprudence,is a prominent school of jurisprudence (fiqh) within Twelver and Ismaili Shia Islam,named after the sixth Imam,Ja'far al-Sadiq. In Iran,Jaʽfari jurisprudence is enshrined in the constitution,shaping various aspects of governance,legislation,and judiciary in the country.
The Grand Mosque of Paris,also known as the Great Mosque of Paris or simply the Paris Mosque,located in its 5th arrondissement,is one of the largest mosques in France. It comprises prayer rooms,an outdoor garden,a small library,a gift shop,along with a cafe and restaurant. In all,the mosque plays an important role in promoting the visibility of Islam and Muslims in France. Completed in 1926,is the oldest mosque in metropolitan France.
The University of Algiers,commonly called the Algiers 1 University or Benyoucef Benkhedda,is a public research university based in Algiers,Algeria. Founded in 1909 from the amalgamation of different French colonial educational institutions,it has become the oldest and most prestigious organised university in the country.
Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri was an Iranian cleric and diplomat. During the 1980s,Taskhiri served as the Iranian representative to the Organisation of the Islamic Conference and was involved in promoting Iranian interests during the height of the Iran–Iraq War.
Religion in Algeria is dominated by Muslims,with nearly ninety-eight of the population adhering to Sunni Islam of the Maliki school of jurisprudence,as of 2020. The remainder include other Islamic schools and branches,Christian denominations (Roman Catholics,Seventh-day Adventists,the Protestant Church of Algeria,Lutherans,Anglicans and Egyptian Copts,Baháʼís and Jews. Estimates of the Christian population range from 71,000 to 200,000. The latest available estimates suggest a Baháʼípopulation of 3,300,and a Jewish community of less than 200 people.
Diplomatic relations between Algeria and Greece date back for more than 2000 years. Diplomatic relations have been solid since Algeria's first years of independence. Greece maintains an embassy in Algiers,and Algeria is represented in Greece by its embassy in Athens. Trade between Greece and Algeria is increasing,with imports of natural gas from Algeria an important factor. There have been problems with illegal immigration from Algeria to Greece in recent years,and with Algerian trafficking of Sub-Saharan Africans seeking to enter the European Union.
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Wakfs is a ministry of Algeria. Its head office is in Hydra,Algiers.
The Algerian Islamic reference is the fundamentalist and legal framework for the practice of the religion of Islam in Algeria within Sunnism under the tutelage of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.
The Hezzab is the hafiz or qāriʾsupervising or participating in the Hizb Rateb in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.
The Bash Hezzab is the senior Hezzab supervising the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.
Malikism is considered as an essential part of the Fiqh jurisprudence practice within the Islam in Algeria. Algeria has adopted Malikism because the principles of this jurisprudential rite are rules which take into account the changes observed within the Muslim Algerian society for centuries. Understanding the rules of this Sunni Madhhab makes it possible to certify that they continuously respond to the constantly changing challenges of the daily life of the Algerian people. The rite of Imam Malik Ibn Anas has thus been adopted in Algeria and by the countries of the Maghreb and North Africa by large sections of the Muslim populations for centuries thanks to its objectivity and its recognized and certified references,following the Malikization of the Maghreb. It is generally agreed that the Malikite School worked to fight against the proliferation of sects and new trends resulting from fallacious and hazardous interpretations and tafsir of the precepts of the Quran.
The Nass al-Houdhour are second rank Hezzabine reciting the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.
Amir Khan Muttaqi is an Afghan Taliban militant and politician serving as acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since 7 September 2021. He was also a member of the negotiation team in the Qatar office.
Zahia Mentouri-Chentouf was an Algerian physician and government official who served as the Algerian Minister of Health and Social Affairs in 1992.
Events in the year 2023 in Algeria.
References
- ↑ "Gouvernement". www.mae.gov.dz. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
- ↑ "President Tebboune conducts ministerial reshuffle". Algeria Press Service. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ↑ "Biographie Du Ministre des Affaires Religieuses et des Wakfs" . Retrieved 17 March 2023.
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