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Slovene dialects are the regional spoken varieties of Slovene, a South Slavic language. Spoken Slovene is often considered to have at least 48 dialects (narečja) and subdialects (govori). The exact number of dialects is open to debate, ranging from as many as 50 to merely 7. The various dialects are so different from each other that a speaker of one dialect may have a very difficult time understanding a speaker of another, particularly if they belong to different regional groups. Speakers of dialects that strongly differ accommodate each other by gravitating toward standard Slovene. Slovene dialects are part of the South Slavic dialect continuum, transitioning into Serbo-Croatian to the south and bordering Friulian and Italian to the west, German to the north, and Hungarian to the east.
The Central Sava Valley is a valley in the Sava Hills and a geographic region along the Sava in central Slovenia, now constituting the Central Sava Statistical Region. The region consists of three municipalities: Zagorje ob Savi, Trbovlje, and Hrastnik. Several coal mines operated in the Central Sava Valley, although all except the Trbovlje–Hrastnik Mine are now defunct. It is surrounded by the Sava Hills, with Kum on the right side of the Sava and Black Peak on Čemšenik Pasture at the left side of the Sava, as its highest peaks.
The Upper Carniolan dialect group is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Upper Carniolan dialects are spoken in most of Upper Carniola and in Ljubljana.
The Lower Carniolan dialect group is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Lower Carniolan dialects are spoken in most of Lower Carniola and in the eastern half of Inner Carniola.
The Styrian dialect group is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Lower Carniolan dialects are spoken in central and eastern Slovenian Styria and in the Lower Sava Valley and Central Sava Valley.
The Littoral dialect group is a group of very heterogeneous dialects of Slovene. The Littoral dialects are spoken in most of the Slovenian Littoral and in the western part of Inner Carniola. They are also spoken by Slovenes in the Italian provinces of Trieste and Gorizia, and in the mountainous areas of eastern Friuli.
The South White Carniolan dialect is a Slovene dialect in the Lower Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in southern White Carniola south of the line from Podzemelj to Črnomelj to Kanižarica. It includes the settlements of Dragatuš, Vinica, Bojanci, and Adlešiči.
The Eastern Lower Carniolan subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Lower Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken south of the Lower Sava Valley dialect in the watersheds of the Mirna and Temenica rivers, east of a line running from west of Trebnje and west of Novo Mesto to the lower Krka Valley. The dialect includes the settlements of Kostanjevica na Krki, Krmelj, Mirna, Mokronog, Novo Mesto, Raka, Šentjernej, Šentrupert, Škocjan and Trebnje.
The Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in the eastern part of Upper Carniola, east of a line running west of Špitalič, Trojane, and Kisovec, then east of Vače and Zgornji Hotič, and then south along the Sava to east of Dol pri Ljubljani.
The Rižana subdialect is a Slovene subdialect of the Istrian dialect in the Littoral dialect group. It is spoken in Italy in most of the municipalities of San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia south of Trieste, as well as in some southern suburbs of Trieste ; in Slovenia, it is spoken in the northern part of the Slovenian Istria, in the Rižana Valley east and north of Koper, including the settlements of Bertoki, Dekani, Osp, Črni Kal, Presnica, Podgorje, and Zazid.
The Šavrin Hills subdialect is a Slovene subdialect of the Istrian dialect in the Littoral dialect group. It is spoken in the Šavrin Hills south of a line from Koper to south of Zazid. It includes the settlements of Koper, Izola, Portorož, Sečovlje, Šmarje, Sočerga, and Rakitovec.
The Central Savinja dialect is a Slovene dialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is spoken in the central Savinja Valley in the basins of the Bolska, Paka, and Hudinja rivers east of the Upper Savinja dialect and west of the Central Styrian dialect, south of the Mežica and South Pohorje dialects, and north of the Eastern Upper Carniolan, Zagorje-Trbovlje, and Laško subdialects. It includes the settlements of Trojane, Špitalič, Vransko, Topolšica, Šoštanj, Velenje, Frankolovo, Vojnik, and Celje.
The Solčava subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is a subdialect of the Upper Savinja dialect spoken around Solčava and the Logar Valley. It is the westernmost of the (sub)dialects in the Styrian dialect group.
The Kozjak subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is a subdialect of the South Pohorje dialect, which it greatly resembles, and is the northernmost member of the Styrian dialect group. It encompasses the Kozjak Mountains north of the Drava River and partially extends into Austria, including the Leutschach area.
The Lower Sava Valley dialect is a Slovene dialect in the Styrian dialect group, bordering on the Lower Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in the Sava Valley from Litija to Brežice and along the lower course of the Savinja River. It is divided into three subdialects: the Zagorje-Trbovlje subdialect, Laško subdialect, and Sevnica-Krško subdialect.
The Laško subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is a subdialect of the Lower Sava Valley dialect, extending from east of Zidani Most nearly to Jurklošter, and in the areas of Rimske Toplice and Laško.
The Sevnica-Krško subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is a subdialect of the Lower Sava Valley dialect, extending along both banks of the Sava River from Zidani Most to just before Brežice, and then continuing on the right bank to the Croatian border. The main settlements in the dialect area are Radeče, Loka pri Zidanem Mostu, Boštanj, Sevnica, Zabukovje nad Sevnico, Brestanica, Senovo, Krško, Drnovo, Cerklje ob Krki, Čatež ob Savi, and Velika Dolina.
The Gail Valley dialect is the westernmost Slovene dialect in the Carinthian dialect group, spoken in parts of southern Carinthia in Austria, in the northeasternmost part of the Province of Udine in Italy, and in northeastern Upper Carniola in Slovenia.
The Banjšice subdialect is a Slovene subdialect of the Karst dialect in the Littoral dialect group. It is spoken on the Banjšice Plateau and in the Soča Valley, and includes the settlements of Ročinj, Kanal, and Banjšice.
The Kranjska Gora subdialect is a Slovene subdialect of the Gail Valley dialect in the Carinthian dialect group. It was included among the Carinthian dialects by Tine Logar and Jakob Rigler in contrast to its earlier classification by Fran Ramovš as an Upper Carniolan dialect.
References
- ↑ Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." Enciklopedija Slovenije vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.
- ↑ Toporišič, Jože. 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 197.
- 1 2 Dornik, Maša. 2005. "Zagorsko-trboveljski govor." Term paper, University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, p. 2.
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