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Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most of those affiliated with the movement, known as hassidim, reside in Israel and in the United States.
A Rebbe or Admor is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties. The titles of Rebbe and Admor, which used to be a general honor title even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its Tzadikim.
Elimelech Weisblum of Lizhensk was a rabbi and one of the founding Rebbes of the Hasidic movement. His hometown was Leżajsk near Rzeszów in Poland. He was part of the inner "Chevraya Kadisha" school of Dov Ber of Mezeritch, who became the decentralised, third generation leadership after the passing of Dov Ber in 1772.
Skver is a Chasidic dynasty founded by Rebbe Yitzchok Twersky in the city of Skver, or Skvyra, in present-day Ukraine during the mid-19th century. Adherents of the rebbes of Skver are known as Skverer Hasidim.
Chernobyl is a Hasidic dynasty which was founded by Grand Rabbi Menachem Nachum Twersky, known by his work as the Meor Einayim. The dynasty is named after the northern Ukrainian city of Chernobyl, where Rabbi Nachum was the maggid. The lineage continues to exist, although not always with the name Chernobyl. Several rebbes are named Chernobyl. The central court is in Bnei Brak, headed by Rabbi Menachem Nachum Twersky.
Biala is a Hasidic dynasty originating from the city of Biała Rawska, where it was founded by R. Yaakov Yitzchak Rabinowicz (II). Biala is a branch of Peshischa Hasidism, as R. Yaakov Yitzchak Rabinowicz (II) was the great-grandson of R. Yaakov Yitzchak Rabinowicz, the first Peshischa Rebbe. The dynasty was originally spread throughout many towns in Poland, often taking the names of said towns. However, after the Holocaust, the name "Biala" become synonymous with the entire dynasty. Today the dynasty is mostly concentrated in Israel, America and Switzerland.
Zvhil is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, with adherents today in Jerusalem, Boston, and New York.
Shulem Moskovitz, known as the Shotzer Rebbe, was a Romanian hasidic Rabbi. He was a descendant of the famed hasidic Rebbe Yechiel Michel of Zlotshov.
There are two Hasidic Jewish dynasties known as Cleveland and both are considered to be a part of the Nadvorna dynasty.
Machnovka is a Hasidic dynasty Chernobyl dynastic group of families.
Yitzhak Aharon Korff is the present Rebbe of Zvhil – Mezhbizh. Since 1975 he has been the Chaplain of the City of Boston and spiritual leader of Congregation Bnai Jacob, Zvhil–Mezhbizh Beit Medrash of Boston, Miami, and Jerusalem, serving also with the Chief Rabbis of Israel as Spiritual Leader of The Jerusalem Great Synagogue. He is a dayan of the BaDaTz Boston Beth din and Vaad HaRabbonim. He is also principal of Korff Associates, consultants in business, diplomacy and international law and relations, Consul to the government of Austria and publisher of the Boston-based Jewish newspaper The Jewish Advocate.
Mezhbizh is the name of the town of Medzhybizh in the present Ukraine which is significant as both the source of a Hasidic dynasty that bears its name and as a symbolic name for the roots of Hasidism.
Kozhnitz is the name of a Hasidic dynasty founded by the Kozhnitzer Maggid, Rebbe Yisroel Hopsztajn. Kozhnitz is the Yiddish name of Kozienice, a town in Poland.
Hornosteipel is the name of a Hasidic dynasty founded by Rebbe Yaakov Yisroel Twerski. Hornosteipel is the Yiddish name of Hornostaypil, a town in present-day Ukraine.
Skolya is a Hasidic dynasty named after the town of Skole in Eastern Galicia, where the founder of this dynasty lived and led his court.
Premishlan is a Hasidic dynasty. It was founded by Grand Rabbi Meir Hagadol of Peremyshliany
Koidanov is a Hasidic dynasty originating from the city of Dzyarzhynsk (Koidanov), Belarus, where it was founded by Rabbi Shlomo Chaim Perlow (1797–1862) in 1833. Koidanov is a branch of both Lechovitch Hasidism and Karlin-Stolin Hasidism as Rabbi Shlomo Chaim Perlow was the paternal grandson of Rabbi Mordechai of Lechovitch and the maternal grandson of Rabbi Asher of Stolin. Koidanov was the smallest of the three Lithuanian Hasidic dynasties, with most of its Hasidim being murdered in the Holocaust. The dynasty was re-established after the war in Tel Aviv, then moved to Bnei Brak, where the majority of the dynasty is located, but there are Chassidim located around the world.
Melitz was a Galician Hassidic dynastic sect, a branch of the Ropshitz Hasidic sect. The progenitor of the dynasty was Rabbi Ya'akov Horowitz, the son of Rabbi Naftali Zvi Horowitz of Ropshitz.
Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania is the history of Hasidic Judaism and Hasidic philosophy in Lithuania and parts of modern-day Belarus. Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania began with R. Aaron Perlow of Karlin (Karalin) (1736–1772), R. Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk (1730?–1788) R. Shneur Zalman of Liadi (Lyady) (1745–1812) and to a lesser extent R. Hayim Haykl of Amdur (Indura), all of whom were disciples of R. Dov Ber of Mezeritch (Mezhirichi), who in part was the successor to the R. Israel Baal Shem Tov who founded Hasidic Judaism in Western Ukraine. In its earliest years, Lithuanian Hasidism suffered immense persecution by the Lithuanian Misnagdic rabbinate, who attempted to ban and excommunicate Hasidism on several occasions in Lithuania beginning with R. Elijah b. Solomon Zalman of Vilna (1720–1797), who was the earliest disseminator of anti-Hasidic thought which flourished in Lithuania.
Rabbi Yechiel Michel of Zloczow, known as The Maggid of Zloczow, was one of the disciples of the Baal Shem Tov and the Maggid of Mezeritch.
References
- 1 2 3 Alfasi, Yitsḥaḳ (1995–1998). ha-Ḥasidut mi-dor le-dor (החסידות מדור לדור) [Hasidism from generation to generation] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Mekhon Daʻat Yosef. LCCN 95828260.(subscription required)
- ↑ "Harav Yechiel Michel Michlowitz, The Zlotchover Rebbe, zt"l". Hamodia . Jan 14, 2015. Retrieved Jan 15, 2015.
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