1890 Minnesota Senate election

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1890 Minnesota Senate election
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← 1886November 4, 1890 (1890-11-04) 1894  →
All 54 seats in the Minnesota Senate
28 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority partyThird party
 
GOP
DEM
ALL
Party Republican Democratic Alliance
Seats won261513
MNSen1890.svg

The 1890 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1890, to elect members to the Senate of the 27th and 28th Minnesota Legislatures.

Contents

The Minnesota Republican Party won a plurality of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1891.

The election resulted in Republicans losing control of the Senate for the first time since 1858 when Minnesota was granted statehood.

Background

In the late 1800s, Minnesota was one of the nation's most consistently Republican states, and conservative dominance extended to the State Senate as well. Since 1860, Republicans were the preeminent caucus in the Senate, not once losing a majority in the chamber. [1]

That being said, in the years leading up to 1890, Minnesota had emerged as a center of the Farmers' Alliance, a progressive agrarian movement. At the 1886 election, two members of the Alliance had taken seats from the Republicans, foreshadowing the 1890 result.

It was not uncommon for local Alliance organizations to endorse members of the two major parties if their values were aligned, though it was more likely for Alliance groups to endorse known Democrats than Republicans. The same is true of the Prohibition Party and other groups.

In St. Paul, a group of 100 local power brokers, 50 from either major party, assembled in August 1890 with the intention of nominating a "Citizens' Ticket" for Ramsey County. [2] The "committee of 100" hoped that local Democratic and Republican organizations would endorse their unity ticket, which they did in most cases.

In western Minnesota, two candidates were endorsed as the "Peoples'" candidates. It is unclear if these endorsements were related as part of a broader organization or if the "Peoples'" designation was only of local significance.

Three Republicans who lost their party's endorsement ran as Independent Republicans and won, then caucused as Republicans in the Senate. Two Democrats, one endorsed and one unendorsed, ran in the 36th District of Scott County. The endorsed candidate, James McHale, won. [3]

Prior to the 1890 election, the Minnesota Senate had 47 seats. A redistricting undertaken in 1889 added 7 seats, bringing the total to 54. In particular, Hennepin and Ramsey Counties as well as western and northern Minnesota gained new seats. Goodhue County lost a seat. [4]

Results

Summary

Republicans won 26 seats, two short of the 28 needed to control the chamber. The Democratic Party and Farmers' Alliance won a combined 28 seats.

Due to the fact that numerous candidates were endorsed by more than one party, it is impossible to calculate how many people voted for each party without counting votes multiple times. It can be said, however, that Republicans had certainly not won such a small percentage of the vote since Minnesota had been granted statehood.

District results

The parties are as follows:    Alliance (All.),   Citizen's Ticket (Cit.),    Democratic (Dem.),    Independent (Ind.),    Labor (Lab.),   People's Ticket (Peo.),    Prohibition (Pro.),    Republican (Rep.)

Dis.IncumbentCandidates
NamePartyFirst electedNameEndorsementsVotes%Winner

Party

All.Dem.Rep.Other
1 Tosten Johnson [5] Rep.1886James C. Kelly [6] ✓1,26342.54Dem.
Tosten Johnson [7] ✓1,23241.50
John Pendergast [8] ✓47415.97
2 Charles G. Edwards [9] ‡Rep.1876, 1886†Evin D. Hammer [10] ✓2,35154.25Rep.
Theodore Tousley [11] ✓✓ [nb 1] 1,98345.75
3 Otis W. Gibson [12] Dem.1886Oscar Ayers [13] ✓1,72550.31Rep.
Otis W. Gibson [14] [15] ✓✓1,70449.69
4 Marcellus Halvorson [16] [17] §Rep.1886H. C. Nelson [18] [19] ✓✓1,63952.26All.
Thorvald V. Knatvold [17] ✓1,49747.74
5 Vacant [nb 2] N/AN/AJacob Armel Kiester [20] ✓1,89367.83Rep.
Charles S. Dunbar✓74426.66
George E. FranciscoPro.1134.05
David H. Morse✓411.47
6 Frank Arah Day [21] Rep.1886 Frank Arah Day [22] ✓1,77658.44Rep.
James E. Grogan [15] ✓✓1,22440.28
James D. McBroomPro.391.28
7 Warrington B. Brown [23] Rep.1886Jay LaDue [24] ✓2,34248.94All.
Herbert J. Miller [24] ✓1,87139.10
A. M. Becker [25] ✓57211.95
8 John Clark [26] ‡Rep.1886Eric Sevatson✓✓ [nb 3] 1,66662.07All.
T. J. Knox✓ [nb 4] 71526.64
W. F. Portman [28] ✓27810.36
John I. Wallace [29] Pro.250.09
9 Thomas Evans Bowen [30] ‡Dem.1886Samuel D. Peterson [31] ✓2,19845.35Rep.
Andrew D. Stewart [32] ✓1,37828.43
W. E. Baker [33] ✓1,27126.22
10 Edmund Mann Pope [34] [35] §Dem.1886George T. Barr [36] ✓2,83251.21Rep.
Albert R. Pfau [37] ✓✓2,69848.79
11 William G. Ward [38] Rep.1872, 1886†Robert O. Craig [39] ✓✓1,29251.56Dem.
Cristoph Wagner✓1,21448.44
12 Charles Schretz Crandall [40] Rep.1886Charles Schretz Crandall [41] ✓1,28549.31Rep.
E. M. Morehouse [42] ✓1,25348.08
D. J. Ames [43] Pro.682.61
13 E. N. Dodge [44] ‡Rep.1886Jeremiah Grinnell [45] ✓1,09150.18Rep.
William H. Edison [46] ✓96944.57
A. R. Cohoon [47] Pro.1145.24
14 Milton J. Daniels [48] ‡Rep.1886 William Worrall Mayo [49] ✓✓2,13151.46Dem.
Alonzo Thomas Stebbins [50] ✓1,95647.24
D. D. Kimball [51] Pro.521.26
P. H. Marsh20.05
15 Thomas Taylor Hayden [52] Dem.1886James Albertus Tawney [53] ✓3,15653.30Rep.
John Ludwig [54] ✓2,76546.70
16 Ole Olson Lende [55] Rep.1886Orrin Mott [56] ✓1,55635.49All.
Hans Lavesson [57] ✓1,33830.52
Henry M. Burchard [58] 1,30129.68
G. I. Larson [59] Pro.1894.31
17 Gideon Sprague Ives [60] ‡ [nb 5] Rep.1886 Charles Russell Davis [61] ✓1,40755.72Rep.
H. C. Randall [62] ✓✓1,11844.28
18 Thomas Welch [63] Dem.1882 Theodore G. Streissguth ✓1,25142.81Rep.
Patrick Bray [64] ✓1,09137.34
J. A. Solomonson✓58019.85
19 C. U. Chapman [65] Rep.1886Edson R. Smith [15] ✓1,81444.56Rep.
Dennis Doyle [15] ✓1,67541.15
John Byrnes [15] ✓50012.28
Alex Kenrick [15] Pro.822.01
20 George Weston Wood [66] Rep.1886Albert William Stockton [67] ✓2,01144.66Rep.
S. L. Crocker [68] ✓1,76139.11
Timothy O'Grady [68] ✓57612.79
Royal Plummer [68] Pro.1553.44
21 Anders K. Finseth [69] §Rep.1874, 1886†John W. Peterson [70] ✓2,07841.27Rep.
Peter Nelson [nb 6] ✓2,04340.58
A. T. Conley [72] [73] ✓Pro.91218.11
T. Wilson20.04
22 Henry Burkhardt [74] Rep.1886Henry Burkhardt [75] ✓1,77650.40Rep.
E. D. Southard [15] ✓1,67447.50
George B. Albertson [15] Pro.742.10
23 Edward White Durant [76] §Dem.1886Jasper N. Searles [77] ✓2,11546.25Rep. [nb 7]
James S. O'Brien [79] ✓2,01143.98
Andrew Richmond [80] ✓4479.78
24 Albert H. Truax [81] Rep.1882 Ignatius L. Donnelly [15] ✓1,64741.37All.
R. C. Libbey [15] ✓1,30532.78
William Hodgson [15] ✓95123.89
C. M. Nichols [15] Pro.781.96
25 New constituencyN/AN/A John Benjamin Sanborn [82] [83] [2] ✓✓Cit.5,10390.51Rep.
John LindstromPro.5359.49
26 New constituencyN/AN/ACharles H. Lienau [84] [2] ✓Cit.4,471100.00Dem.
27 New constituencyN/AN/AWilliam Blake Dean [82] [83] [2] ✓✓Cit.4,283100.00Rep.
28 New constituencyN/AN/A Hiram Fairchild Stevens [82] ✓2,32749.31Rep.
Charles H. Benedict [83] [2] ✓Cit.2,24347.53
John W. RhinesPro.1493.16
29 New constituencyN/AN/ASamuel A. March [85] ✓4,06283.94Dem.
Thomas H. Lucas✓51210.58
Washington S. Cilley [86] Pro.2655.48
30 New constituencyN/AN/AFrank G. McMillan [85] ✓1,78452.59Dem.
Edward M. Johnson [87] ✓1,22336.06
William B. Hammond✓2447.19
Charles M. Way [86] Pro.1414.16
31 New constituencyN/AN/AFrank L. Morse [85] ✓2,83550.02Dem.
Albert J. Boardman [87] ✓2,57345.40
George R. Whitcomb [86] Pro.2604.59
32 New constituencyN/AN/AAlonzo Phillips [85] ✓3,72255.46Dem.
J. A. Wolverton [87] ✓2,39935.75
Michael W. Morgan✓3184.74
W. M. Lawrence [86] Pro.2724.05
33 New constituencyN/AN/AJohn W. Bell [85] ✓2,99256.81Dem.
Sever Ellingson [87] ✓1,80634.29
Edwin B. Miller✓4698.90
34 New constituencyN/AN/AJohn Day Smith [87] ✓2,06249.18Rep.
Elbridge S. Barnes [85] ✓1,93346.10
Herman W. Knapp [86] Pro.1984.72
35 David Marston Clough‡ [nb 8] [88] Rep.1886Christopher S. Guderian [89] ✓1,69353.95Rep.
E. L. Reed [90] ✓Pro.1,41645.12
Edward L. Curial150.48
J. W. Steed140.45
36 Mathias Nachbar [91] §Dem.1886James H. McHale [92] ✓1,79763.39Dem.
Mathias Nachbar1,03836.61
37 Andrew G. Anderson‡ [93] [nb 9] Dem.1886Joseph W. Craven [15] ✓✓1,95561.83Dem.
Charles G. Halgren [15] ✓1,20738.17
38 Alcinus Young Eaton§ [94] Rep.1886Alcinus Young Eaton [95] [15] ✓Peo.3,04451.95Rep.
William H. Houlton [95] ✓2,48242.36
D. MurdockPro.3335.68
39 John S. Shields¶ [96] [97] All.1886Silas W. Leavitt [98] ✓✓1,56652.45Dem.
Peter E. Hanson [15] ✓1,33444.68
S. S. Squire [15] Pro.862.88
40 Elisha Adrian Child¶ [99] Dem.1886Samuel P. Brown [15] ✓1,63654.52Dem.
Axel Hayford Reed [15] ✓93030.99
C. N. Perkins [15] ✓37012.33
B. M. Record [15] Pro.652.17
41 Marcus Johnson¶ [100] Rep.1886Gustavus A. Glader [101] [15] ✓Peo.1,22846.46Rep.
Nels Quam [102] ✓✓1,20445.55
Charles E. Johnson [102] Pro.2117.98
42 Darwin Scott Hall [103] Rep.1886Ferdinand Borchert [104] ✓✓1,42345.07All.
J. T. Brooks [105] ✓1,28940.83
Peter F. Walstrom37611.91
Morris Bishop Foster692.19
43 Hiram Eugene Hoard¶ [106] Rep.1886Erick O. Erickson [15] ✓✓3,47964.59All.
Myron F. Barber [15] ✓1,90735.41
44 Otto Alexander Bernhard Wallmark¶ [107] Rep.1886William S. Dedon [15] [108] ✓✓1,63651.79All.
Levi H. McKusick [109] ✓1,52348.21
45 Henry Keller [110] Dem.1886Henry Keller [111] ✓4,21357.09Dem.
Charles A. Gilman [112] [nb 10] 2,17329.45
J. L. Robbins [113] ✓99313.46
46 Clarence Bennett Buckman [114] Rep.1882George Geissel [115] ✓5,16772.25Dem.
James C. Flynn [115] ✓1,98527.75
47 George W. Thacker¶ [116] All.1886Herman A. Grafe [117] ✓2,60680.71All.
Hill H. Wilson [117] ✓62319.29
G. A. Kortsch [117] ✓N/A [nb 11] N/A
48 James Compton¶ [118] Rep.1882John B. Hompe [119] ✓✓Pro.3,86566.76All.
F. M. Mosher [120] ✓1,92433.24
49 Daniel W. Hixon [121] Rep.1886Ole O. Canestorp [15] 2,29843.80Rep.
Daniel W. Hixon [15] ✓✓1,76433.62
Louis Peterson [15] ✓1,09520.87
Archibald A. Stone [15] Pro.901.72
50 Elon G. Holmes [122] Rep.1888* Randolph Michael Probstfield [123] [15] ✓✓2,81254.92All.
Elon G. Holmes [15] ✓2,30845.08
51 Bernard Sampson¶ [124] Rep.1886Edwin E. Lommen [15] ✓4,79062.79All.
John Cromb [125] ✓1,44318.91
Alexander McKinnon [15] ✓1,39618.30
52 New ConstituencyN/AN/ALorenzo G. Wood [15] ✓1,98464.10All.
Hans O. Hanson [15] ✓1,11135.90
53 New ConstituencyN/AN/AWilliam Prescott Allen [126] ✓2,22652.02Rep.
H. H. Hawkins [127] [15] ✓✓2,05347.98
54 Alonzo Jay Whiteman‡ [128] [nb 12] Dem.1886Frank B. Daugherty [129] ✓3,57244.72Rep.
Charles P. Maginnis [130] [131] ✓Lab.2,90336.35
Joseph A. Mannheim✓1,51218.93
* Elected in a special election.
† Elected to non-consecutive terms.
‡ Retired; did not seek re-election.
§ Lost primary election for party's nomination.
¶ Unclear why this senator was not a candidate for the general election

Aftermath

When the new legislature met in January 1891, a flurry of activity and political dealmaking led to a strange arrangement of power in St. Paul. The 1891 session opened by Republican Lieutenant Governor Gideon Ives, and was swiftly moved to recess for three hours. In this time, Ignatius Donnelly organized the Democratic and Alliance members into a caucus (known as the "Combine") with him as its leader. [132] To the great surprise of Republicans, the caucus was able to topple all their nominations for officers of the Senate.

By custom, Lieutenant Governor Ives would each day pass the president's gavel to Republican Senator John B. Sanborn to serve as president pro tempore (i.e., temporary) of the Senate. [133] The Combine never elected a president of their own, making Sanborn the de facto president of the Senate until the start of the 1895 session.

The result in the 23rd District of Washington County was contested in late January 1891. The originally certified results counted Republican Jasper N. Searles as the winner by 4 votes, but after a tabulation discrepancy was discovered in Marine Township, Democrat James S. O'Brien was awarded the seat by the Senate's vote of 32 to 21 on January 29, 1891. [78] This expanded the Combine's majority to 29 over the Republicans' 25 seats.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Democratic Party initially endorsed the Alliance ticket when the nominee for state senator was Daniel Currie. Currie then fell into ill health just days before the election and resigned from the ticket. "Locals". The Mable Enterprise. October 30, 1890. Retrieved April 2, 2021. The Democratic Party did not reconvene with enough time to nominate their own candidate or endorse Tousley.
  2. ↑ Previously held by Republican Daniel F. Goodrich, who died in 1889. "Goodrich, Daniel F. "D.F." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  3. ↑ Both Sevatson and Knox claimed to have rightfully earned the Republican nomination. Cottonwood County Republicans endorsed Sevatson and Jackson County Republicans endorsed Knox before the legislative district convention. At that convention, shenanigans ensued, which left neither without the legitimate endorsement of the whole district. [27]
  4. ↑ Both Sevatson and Knox claimed to have rightfully earned the Republican nomination. Cottonwood County Republicans endorsed Sevatson and Jackson County Republicans endorsed Knox before the legislative district convention. At that convention, shenanigans ensued, which left neither without the legitimate endorsement of the whole district. [27]
  5. ↑ Ran successfully for Lieutenant Governor.
  6. ↑ Nelson represented Senate District 22 from 1887-1891, which covered the north half of Goodhue County. During redistricting, Nelson was placed in Senate District 21, which now covered all of Goodhue County. Thus, while Nelson was an incumbent Senator in 1890, he represented a constituency that did not exist for the 1890 election. [71]
  7. ↑ This result was contested in January 1891 in the opening days of the newly convened legislature. The originally certified results counted Republican Jasper N. Searles as the winner by 104 votes, but after a tabulation discrepancy was discovered in Marine Township, Democrat James S. O'Brien was awarded the seat by the Senate's vote of 32 to 21 on January 29, 1891. [78]
  8. ↑ Ran unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor.
  9. ↑ Unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Minnesota Secretary of State.
  10. ↑ Gilman was a well-known Republican and was only not endorsed as their candidate because he missed the legislative convention. "Of Affairs Political". Duluth Evening Herald. October 23, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  11. ↑ For an unknown reason, Kortsch's vote total is not recorded by the 1891 Minnesota Legislative Manual. Presumably, the vote total is recorded in a yet-to-be-archived contemporary newspaper.
  12. ↑ Ran unsuccessfully for the United States House

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References

  1. ↑ "Minnesota Senate President and President Pro Tempore, 1849-present - Minnesota Legislative Reference Library". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sprung its Report". St. Paul Daily Globe. August 14, 1890. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  3. ↑ 1891 Minnesota Legislative Manual. Minnesota Secretary of State. 1891. pp. 560–571.
  4. ↑ "An Act to Prescribe the Bounds of Senatorial and Representative Districts, and to Apportion Anew the Senators and Representatives among the Several Districts". Act of 22 April 1889. Minnesota Legislature.
  5. ↑ "Johnson, Tosten "T., Tostin" - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  6. ↑ "County Tickets". Houston Valley Signal. October 30, 1890. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  7. ↑ Hohl, H. L. (October 23, 1890). "Republican Ticket". Hokah Chief. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Prepare Your Ballots". Caledonia Argus. September 27, 1890. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  9. ↑ "Edwards, Charles G. "C.G., G.C." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  10. ↑ "Republican County Convention". Preston Times. July 24, 1890. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  11. ↑ "The Alliance Ticket". The Rushford Star. October 30, 1890. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  12. ↑ "Gibson, Otis W. "O.W." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  13. ↑ "The First Gun of the Campaign". Mower County Transcript. October 8, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  14. ↑ "The Alliance Convention". Mower County Transcript. October 8, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 "Legislative Nominations for 1890". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 27, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  16. ↑ "Halvorson, Marcellus "M." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  17. 1 2 "Wisely and Well Done". Freeborn County Standard. October 1, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  18. ↑ "This Means Business". September 17, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  19. ↑ "United They Stand". Freeborn County Standard. October 8, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  20. ↑ "Specials". The Minneapolis Tribune. October 5, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Day, Frank Arah "F.A." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Local". The Worthington Advance. October 16, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Brown, Warrington B. "W.B." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  24. 1 2 "Ticket". The Worthington Advance. October 9, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  25. ↑ "A Word to Voters". The Worthington Advance. October 30, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Clark, John - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  27. 1 2 "The Five to Four Convention". The Windom Reporter. October 16, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Democratic Legislative Convention". The Windom Reporter. October 23, 1890. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  29. ↑ Rose, Arthur (1910). An Illustrated History of Jackson County. Northern History. p. 202.
  30. ↑ "Bowen, Thomas Evans "T.E." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  31. ↑ "Republican Ticket". The Sleepy Eye Dispatch. October 23, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Alliance Senatorial Convention". The Redwood Gazette. October 9, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  33. ↑ "Local News". New Ulm Weekly Review. October 1, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  34. ↑ "Pope, Edmund Mann "E.M." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  35. ↑ "The News". October 3, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  36. ↑ "Blue Earth and Traverse Republicans Hold Conventions". St. Paul Daily Globe. September 4, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  37. ↑ "The Farmers' Alliance of Blue Earth County". New Ulm Weekly Review. September 10, 1890. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Ward, William G. "W.G." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  39. ↑ "The Legislature Elect". Chatfield Democrat. November 21, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  40. ↑ "Crandall, Charles Schretz "C.S., C.A." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  41. ↑ "Republican County Convention". The People's Press. October 10, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  42. ↑ "Democratic Convention". The People's Press. October 17, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  43. ↑ "Temperance Items". The People's Press. October 24, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  44. ↑ "Dodge, E. N. - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  45. ↑ "Our Candidates". Dodge County Republican. October 16, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  46. ↑ "County Alliance Convention". Dodge County Republican. July 3, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  47. ↑ "The Tickets". The Mantorville Express. October 31, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  48. ↑ "Daniels, Milton J. "M.J." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  49. ↑ "Democratic Convention". The Record and Union. October 17, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  50. ↑ "Our Legislative Ticket". The Rochester Post. October 24, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  51. ↑ "Locals". The Record and Union. June 20, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  52. ↑ "Hayden, Thomas Taylor "T.T." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  53. ↑ "Republican County Convention". St. Charles Union. October 10, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  54. ↑ "Democratic County Convention". St. Charles Union. October 3, 1890. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  55. ↑ "Lende, Ole Olson "Ola" - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  56. ↑ "Would-Be Senator Mott". The News Messenger of Lyon County. July 11, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  57. ↑ "Legislative District". The News Messenger of Lyon County. October 3, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  58. ↑ "Candidate for Senator". The News Messenger of Lyon County. October 10, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  59. ↑ "Home Gossip". The News Messenger of Lyon County. October 31, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  60. ↑ "Ives, Gideon Sprague "Gid S., G.S." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  61. ↑ "Nicollet Republican Convention". New Ulm Weekly Review. September 17, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  62. ↑ "Local News". New Ulm Weekly Review. October 1, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  63. ↑ "Welch, Thomas "Thos." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  64. ↑ "To Name a Winning Ticket". St. Paul Daily Globe. September 7, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  65. ↑ "Chapman, J. U.C. or C.U. - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  66. ↑ "Wood, George Weston "G.W." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  67. ↑ "Republican Ticket". The Northfield News. September 27, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  68. 1 2 3 "Rice County Politics". The Northfield News. October 4, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  69. ↑ "Finseth, Anders K. "A.K." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  70. ↑ "First in the Field". The News. June 27, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  71. ↑ "Nelson, Peter - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  72. ↑ "Prohibitionists Nominate". The News. September 5, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  73. ↑ "Farmers' Alliance Convention". Pine Island Journal. October 10, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  74. ↑ "Burkhardt, Henry - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  75. ↑ "Republican Convention". The Plainview News. September 20, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  76. ↑ "Durant, Edward White "E.W." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  77. ↑ "Republican County Convention". Stillwater Messenger. September 6, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  78. 1 2 "O'Brien, James S. "J.S." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
  79. ↑ "Democratic Co. Convention". Stillwater Messenger. August 30, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  80. ↑ "The Alliance County Convention". Stillwater Messenger. September 20, 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  81. ↑ "Truax, Albert H. "A.H." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  82. 1 2 3 "Republican Harmony". The Appeal. August 30, 1890. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  83. 1 2 3 "St. Paul". The Irish Standard. August 23, 1890. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  84. ↑ "Did Its Work Well". St. Paul Daily Globe. August 17, 1890. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  85. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "County and City Conventions". The North. September 3, 1890. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  86. 1 2 3 4 5 "Cold Water for All". St. Paul Daily Globe. September 7, 1890. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  87. 1 2 3 4 5 "Legislative Nominations". The Minneapolis Tribune. September 2, 1890. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  88. ↑ "Merriam the Man". The Princeton Union. July 31, 1890. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  89. ↑ "Anoka, Minn". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 1, 1890. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  90. ↑ "In the 35th District". The Princeton Union. October 23, 1890. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  91. ↑ "Nachbar, Mathias "M." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  92. ↑ "McHale for Senator". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 18, 1890. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  93. ↑ "Completing the Ticket". St. Paul Daily Globe. September 10, 1890. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  94. ↑ "Eaton, Alcinus Young "A.Y." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  95. 1 2 "Hurrah for Wright". St. Paul Daily Globe. September 18, 1890. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  96. ↑ "Shields, John S. "J.S." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  97. ↑ "Want to Make Laws". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 25, 1886. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  98. ↑ "Litchfield, Minn". The Minneapolis Tribune. October 10, 1890. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  99. ↑ "Child, Elisha Adrian "E.A." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  100. ↑ "Johnson, Marcus "M." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  101. ↑ "Saturday Oct. 11th". The Atwater Press. October 17, 1890. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  102. 1 2 "The Tickets". Willmar Republican-Gazette. October 30, 1890. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  103. ↑ "Hall, Darwin Scott "D.S." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  104. ↑ "Mr. Borchert". The Great West. October 17, 1890. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  105. ↑ "A Republican Ticket". The Minneapolis Tribune. October 6, 1890. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  106. ↑ "Hoard, Hiram Eugene "H.E." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  107. ↑ "Wallmark, Otto Alexander Bernhard - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  108. ↑ "Rush City, Minn". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 1, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  109. ↑ "M'Kusick and Gag Law". St. Paul Daily Globe. September 24, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  110. ↑ "Keller, Henry - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  111. ↑ "Keller has a Walk-Over". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 1, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  112. ↑ "St. Cloud, Minn". The Minneapolis Tribune. October 23, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  113. ↑ "Five Hours in Session". St. Paul Daily Globe. October 22, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  114. ↑ "Buckman, Clarence Bennett "C.B." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  115. 1 2 "The Legislative Tickets". The Princeton Union. October 2, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  116. ↑ "Thacker, George W. "G.W." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  117. 1 2 3 "Kortsch May Win It". St. Paul Daily Globe. November 2, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  118. ↑ "Compton, James - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  119. ↑ "Lidt mere om vore Kandidater". Fergus Falls Ugeblad. September 3, 1890. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  120. ↑ "J. M. Burlingame". The Park Region Pioneer. October 25, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  121. ↑ "Hixon, Daniel W. "D.W." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  122. ↑ "Holmes, Elon G. - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  123. ↑ "Choice of the Grangers". St. Paul Daily Globe. July 23, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  124. ↑ "Sampson, Bernard "B." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  125. ↑ "John Cromb". Warren Sheaf. September 18, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  126. ↑ "Marked for Defeat". The Aitkin Age. September 27, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  127. ↑ "Winners Named". The Aitkin Age. October 4, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  128. ↑ "Whiteman, Alonzo Jay "A.J." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  129. ↑ "The Legislative Fight". Duluth Evening Herald. October 7, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  130. ↑ "Dems Convene". Duluth Evening Herald. October 9, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  131. ↑ "Named Their Leaders". Duluth Evening Herald. September 8, 1890. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  132. ↑ "Tied in a Bow Knot". St. Paul Daily Globe. January 7, 1891. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  133. ↑ "Sanborn, John Benjamin "Jno., J.B." - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". www.lrl.mn.gov. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
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