1990 Gonghe earthquake

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1990 Gonghe earthquake
China Qinghai rel location map.svg
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China edcp relief location map.jpg
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UTC  time1990-04-26 09:37:15
ISC  event 373782
  373783
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date26 April 1990 (1990-04-26)
Local time17:37 CST
Magnitude7.0 Ms
Depth8.1 km
Epicenter 35°59′10″N100°14′42″E / 35.986°N 100.245°E / 35.986; 100.245
Type Reverse
Areas affected China
Max. intensity IX (Violent)
Casualties126 dead [1]

The 1990 Gonghe earthquake occurred on April 26 at 17:37 China Standard Time in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The mainshock had a surface wave magnitude of 7.0 Ms  and a moment magnitude of 6.5 Mw . [2] It was presaged by two foreshocks that struck merely seconds before the main earthquake. [3] [4] On the Mercalli intensity scale, the earthquake had a rating of IX (Violent). [5]

Contents

Damage

At least 126 people died and 2,049 left wounded by the earthquake. [1] Landslides and extensive destruction was reported in the area. Damage to properties was major, with 21,000 homes collapsing and another 66,800 damaged. The Longyangxia Reservoir about 60 km away from the earthquake experienced strong shaking which triggered landslides but its nearby power plant and dam were in normal working conditions. [6] Total damage caused by the earthquake is estimated at 270 million Chinese Yuan. [7]

In the zone with the highest intensity, IX, encompassing Gonghe County, all brick and adobe constructed houses were razed. About 320 wood-framed and mud-walled settlements were destroyed, the only 12 left standing suffered serious damage. Brick and concrete bungalows did not collapse but they were severely compromised after the earthquake. In zones with intensities VII and VIII, more homes collapsed, causing casualties. Some old houses in zone VI also collapsed. [5]

Characteristics

The earthquake in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau according to seismologists, ruptured a blind thrust fault structure due to the absence of a surface rupture. [8] Elements of both sinistral strike-slip and reverse components were detected during the co-seismic rupture, with the latter having a greater sense. [9] The estimated length and width of the rupture is 37 km and 6 km respectively, with a slip of around 2.7 meters. [10]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 "CHINA: QINGHAI PROVINCE: GANGHE-XINGHAI". NGDC NCEI. NCEI. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  2. ↑ "M 6.5 - southern Qinghai, China". USGS-ANSS. USGS. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  3. ↑ "M 6.3 - northern Qinghai, China". USGS-ANSS. USGS. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  4. ↑ "M 6.2 - northern Qinghai, China". USGS-ANSS. USGS. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  5. 1 2 Wenjing, Ma; Yaling, Zhang; Wenwei, Zou. "The Gonghe magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Qinghai Province on April 26, 1990". data.earthquake.cn (in Chinese). Seismological Bureau of Qinghai Province. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  6. ↑ "青海共和地震". Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese). Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  7. ↑ "新闻背景：1976年以来中国发生的六级以上大地震". gov.cn (in Chinese). Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Ming Hao, Zheng-Kang Shen, Qingliang Wang, Duxin Cui (2012). "Postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1990 Mw 6.4 Gonghe, China earthquake constrained using leveling measurements". Tectonophysics. 532–535: 205–214. Bibcode:2012Tectp.532..205H. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.02.005. ISSN   0040-1951 . Retrieved 19 March 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Chen, Y.T., Xu, L.S., Li, X. (1996). "Source process of the 1990 Gonghe, China, earthquake and tectonic stress field in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) plateau". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 146 (3–4): 697–715. Bibcode:1996PApGe.146..697C. doi:10.1007/BF00874741. S2CID   129267313 . Retrieved 19 March 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Wang, WP., Wang, QL. (1999). "Dislocation parameters of Gonghe earthquake jointly inferred by using genetic algorithms and least squares method". Acta Seismologica Sinica. 12 (3): 314–320. Bibcode:1999AcSSn..12..314W. doi:10.1007/s11589-999-0041-2. S2CID   129290131 . Retrieved 19 March 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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