2022 Nepalese general election

2022 Nepalese general election

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All 275 seats in the House of Representatives 138 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered	17,988,570
Turnout	61.41% ( 7.22 pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Sher Bahadur Deuba K. P. Sharma Oli Pushpa Kamal Dahal Party NC CPN (UML) CPN (MC) Last election 32.78%, 63 seats 33.25%, 121 seats 13.66%, 53 seats Seats won 89 78 32 Seat change 26 43 21 Popular vote 2,715,225 2,845,641 1,175,684 Percentage 25.71% 26.95% 11.13% Swing 7.07 pp 6.30 pp 2.53 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Rabi Lamichhane Rajendra Lingden Upendra Yadav Party RSP RPP PSP-N Last election – 2.06%, 1 seat Merger of parties Seats won 20 14 12 Seat change New 13 New Popular vote 1,130,344 588,849 421,313 Percentage 10.70% 5.58% 3.99% Swing New 3.52 pp New   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Madhav Kumar Nepal CK Raut Mahantha Thakur Party Unified Socialist Janamat Party Loktantrik Samajwadi Last election – – – Seats won 10 6 4 Seat change New New New Popular vote 298,391 394,655 167,367 Percentage 2.83% 3.74% 1.58% Swing New New New
MPs elected in constituency seats by party
Prime Minister before election Sher Bahadur Deuba NC Elected Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal CPN (MC)

General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. ^[2] There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.

The election was held alongside provincial elections for the seven provincial assemblies.

After power sharing talks between the outgoing Democratic Left Alliance broke down on 25 December 2022, CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal became prime minister, its eight-member cabinet consisting of MPs from his party, CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party and Janamat Party, with the confidence and supply of RPP, JSP, NUP and three independents.

Background

The fifth House of Representatives elected in 2017 had a five-year term ending in March 2023. In May 2018, the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties merged to form the Nepal Communist Party. The merger between the two coalition partners took their total strength in the House of Representatives to 174. The leaders of the two parties had an agreement to share the post of Prime Minister with the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) chairman KP Sharma Oli handing over the post to Maoist Centre chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal after two and a half years. On 20 November 2019, the two leaders agreed to let Oli complete his full term as prime minister. ^[3] In a secretariat meeting of the Nepal Communist Party on 14 November 2020, Dahal presented a political document which accused Oli not following party orders and being individualistic. ^[4] In response to Dahal, Oli rejected Dahal's accusations and presented his own political document which accused Dahal of not letting Oli run the government. ^[5] As the strife within the party continued, Oli requested President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve the House of Representatives on 20 December 2020 as a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him. ^{[6] [7] [8]} In protest of the decision by Oli, seven ministers of the cabinet resigned. ^{[9] [10]}

The House was reinstated on 23 February 2021 but on 7 March 2021, deciding on a separate writ, the Supreme Court annulled the decision of the Election Commission to grant the name Nepal Communist Party to the party created by merger of the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre), and positioned them to their pre merger status. ^[11] The CPN (Maoist Centre) withdrew its support from the government on 5 May 2021 and Oli failed to obtain a vote of confidence while a faction of his own party boycotted the vote. ^[12]

On 13 May 2021, Oli was appointed minority prime minister as the leader of the party in parliament with the highest seats. ^[13] Rather than retake a vote of confidence, Oli started the process of formation of government through provision of Article 76(5), which was challenged in the Supreme Court. Sher Bahadur Deuba claimed signed support of 149 MPs, including 26 from the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and 13 from the People's Socialist Party, Nepal. ^{[14] [15]} Oli claimed support of all MPs of the CPN (UML) and the People's Socialist Party, Nepal. ^[16] President Bhandari decided on 22 May 2021 that both claims were inadequate and announced the dissolution of House, leading to widespread opposition. ^{[17] [18] [19] [20]} On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution of parliament invalid, while ordering the appointment of Deuba as prime minister, as per article 76(5), by submitting 149 signatures to the President, which is a majority of 271 members present in the House. ^[21]

A cabinet decision on 4 August 2022 decided on holding the next general election on 20 November 2022. ^{[22] [23]} The house was finally dissolved on 18 September 2022 after the completion of its five-year term. ^{[24] [25]}

Timetable

The key dates are listed below:

4 August	Last date to register to be on electoral roll
4 August	Cabinet announces election date
16 August	Last day for party registration at Election Commission
17 September	Tenure of Legislature parliament ends
19 September	Parties submit preliminary closed list for proportional representation
28 September	Election code of conduct starts
9 October	Candidate nomination for first past the post
26 October	Closed list for proportional representation finalized and published
20 November	Election day [26]
14 December	Final results announced [27]
15 December	Final results presented to President [28]

Electoral system

The 275 members of the legislature are elected by two methods; 165 are elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 seats are elected by closed list proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency. ^[29] Voters receive separate ballot papers for the two methods. A party or electoral alliance has to pass the election threshold of 3% of the overall valid vote to be allocated a seat in the proportional vote. ^[30] Nepal uses the Sainte-Laguë method to allocate proportional seats. ^[31]

Voting is limited to Nepali citizens aged 18 or over of sound mind and not having been declared ineligible under federal election fraud and punishment laws. ^[32]

Eligibility to vote

To vote in the general election, one must be: ^[32]

• on the electoral roll
• aged 18 or over on 19 December 2022
• a citizen of Nepal
• of sound mind
• not ineligible as per federal election fraud and punishment laws

Pre-election arrangement

Party		Ideology	2017 result			Seats at dissolution
			Votes (%)		Seats
	CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)	Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy	30.68		121 / 275	94 / 275
	Nepali Congress	Social democracy Third Way	35.75		63 / 275	63 / 275
	CPN (Maoist Centre)	Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path	13.66		53 / 275	49 / 275
	CPN (Unified Socialist)	Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy	New party			25 / 275
	People's Socialist Party, Nepal	Democratic socialism	RJPN	4.95	17 / 275	16 / 275
			FSFN	4.93	16 / 275
			Naya Shakti	0.86	1 / 275
	Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal	Social democracy	New party			13 / 275
	Nepal Socialist Party	Democratic socialism	New party			5 / 275
	Rastriya Prajatantra Party [lower-alpha 1]	Constitutional monarchism Economic liberalism Hindu nationalism	RPP	2.06	1 / 275	1 / 275
			RPP(D)	0.93	0 / 275
			URPP(N)	0.30	0 / 275
	People's Progressive Party [lower-alpha 1]	Social democracy Agrarianism	New party			1 / 275
	Rastriya Janamorcha [lower-alpha 1]	Anti-federalism Communism Marxism–Leninism	0.65		1 / 275	1 / 275
	Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party [lower-alpha 1]	Marxism–Leninism	0.59		1 / 275	1 / 275
	Independent [lower-alpha 2]	—	—		1 / 275	1 / 275

1. Represented as an independent politician in 2017 for not meeting the threshold.
2. Joined the CPN (Maoist Centre) but stayed as an independent politician.

Electoral alliances and parties

Democratic Left Alliance

The coalition government of Nepali Congress, CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), People's Socialist Party and Rastriya Janamorcha decided to form an alliance to contest the parliamentary elections on 5 August 2022. ^{[33] [34]} Later on August 15, Nepal Socialist Party led by former prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai decided to contest the election under the election symbol and manifesto of CPN (Maoist Centre). ^[35] On October 9, on the deadline of the candidate nominations, People's Socialist Party broke away from the alliance and the alliance decided to support Loktantrik Samajwadi Party in 7 seats. ^{[36] [37]} The alliance also supported Ghanashyam Bhusal in Rupandehi 1 and Prabhu Sah in Rautahat 3 who ran as dissident candidates from CPN (UML) from seats allotted to CPN (Maoist Centre). ^{[38] [39] [40]} After the candidacy of Raju Gurung of Unified Socialist was scrapped by the Election Commission, the alliance decided to support Rastriya Janamukti Party candidate Keshav Bahadur Thapa in Rupandehi 2. Rastriya Janamorcha however decided to support the candidate from Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party. ^[41]

Party		Symbol	Leader	Leader's Seat	Seats contested	Male candidates	Female candidates
1.	Nepali Congress		Sher Bahadur Deuba	Dadeldhura 1	91 [42]	86	5
2.	Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)		Pushpa Kamal Dahal	Gorkha 2	46 [lower-alpha 1]	38	8
3.	Nepal Socialist Party [43]		Baburam Bhattarai	None [44]
4.	Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)		Madhav Kumar Nepal	Rautahat 1	20	19	1
5.	Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal		Mahantha Thakur	Mahottari 3	51 [lower-alpha 2]	48	3
6.	Rastriya Janamorcha		Chitra Bahadur K.C.	Baglung 1	2	1	1
Total					165	152	13

CPN (UML) + People's Socialist Party

CPN (UML) decided to support People's Socialist Party in 7 seats on 9 October 2022. ^[36] The CPN (UML) also decided to support Rastriya Prajtantra Party candidates in Jhapa 5, Rupandehi 1 and Banke 2 and decided to field Rastriya Prajtantra Party Nepal chairman Kamal Thapa in Makwanpur 1 under their election symbol. ^[38] The party also supported dissident candidate from Nepali Congress, Dinesh Koirala in Chitwan 3, Karna Bahadur Malla of Nepali Congress (B.P.) in Dadeldhura 1 and Hridayesh Tripathi of the People's Progressive Party in Parasi 1. ^[40]

Party [45] [46]		Symbol	Leader	Leader's Seat	Seats contested	Male candidates	Female candidates
1.	Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)		KP Sharma Oli	Jhapa 5	141	130	11
2.	Nepal Pariwar Dal		Ek Nath Dhakal	Party list [47]
4.	People's Socialist Party, Nepal		Upendra Yadav	Saptari 2	79 [lower-alpha 3]	72	7
Total					158	147	11

Others

Party		Symbol	Leader	Leader's Seat	Seats contested	Male candidates	Female candidates
	Rastriya Prajatantra Party		Rajendra Prasad Lingden	Jhapa 3	140	132	8
	Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal		Kamal Thapa	Makawanpur 1 [lower-alpha 4]	58	52	6
	Rastriya Swatantra Party		Rabi Lamichhane	Chitwan 2	131 [48]	119	12
	Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party		Narayan Man Bijukchhe	None [49]	109	97	12
	Janamat Party		C. K. Raut	Saptari 2	54	52	2
	Nagarik Unmukti Party		Ranjeeta Shrestha	Kailali 1	30	27	3
	People's Progressive Party		Hridayesh Tripathi	Parasi 1	15	14	1
	Bibeksheel Sajha Party		Samikchya Baskota	None	7	7	0
	Nepal Sushasan Party		Ramesh Prasad Kharel [ citation needed ]	Kathmandu 1	9	8	1
	Nepal Naulo Janbadi Party		Ganga Lal Shrestha	Kavrepalanchok 2	1	1	0
	Nepal Aama Party		Rom Lal Giri	Party list	9	6	3
	Sachet Nepali Party		Punya Prasad Prasain	Kathmandu 2	7	7	0
	Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party		Brikhesh Chandra Lal	Mahottari 3	2	2	0
	Hamro Nepali Party		Anant Raj Ghimire	Party list	62	58	4

2017–2022 MPs contesting under a different political affiliation

Outgoing MP [50]	2017 party		2017 constituency	2022 party		2022 constituency
Gauri Shankar Chaudhary		CPN (Maoist Centre)	Kailali 3		CPN (UML)	Kailali 3
Top Bahadur Rayamajhi			Arghakhanchi 1			Arghakhanchi 1
Lekh Raj Bhatta			Kailali 4			Kailali 4
Uma Shankar Agrariya		Federal Socialist Forum	Dhanusha 2			Dhanusha 2
Ruhi Naaz			Party list			Party list
Iqbal Miya		Rastriya Janata Party Nepal	Bara 4			Bara 4
Amrita Agrahari			Party list			Party list
Chanda Chaudhary			Party list		Nepali Congress	Party list
Renuka Gurung		Federal Socialist Forum	Party list		Rastriya Prajatantra Party	Party list
Parbata DC Chaudhary		Nepali Congress	Party list		Nagrik Unmukti Party	Party list
Hridayesh Tripathi		CPN (UML)	Parasi 1		People's Progressive Party	Parasi 1
Ganga Satgauwa [51]			Party list		Hamro Nepali Party	Dang 1
Rambir Manandhar [51]			Kathmandu 7		Independent	Kathmandu 7
Ghanashyam Bhusal [51]			Rupandehi 3			Rupandehi 1
Amresh Kumar Singh [51]		Nepali Congress	Sarlahi 4			Sarlahi 4
Prabhu Sah		CPN (Maoist Centre)	Rautahat 3			Rautahat 3
Sarita Giri		Federal Socialist Forum	Party list			Siraha 1

2017–2022 MPs not standing for re-election

CPN (UML)

• Bhim Bahadur Rawal
• Khagaraj Adhikari
• Kedar Sigdel
• Pabitra Niraula Kharel
• Jaya Kumar Rai
• Parbat Gurung
• Ganesh Kumar Pahadi
• Krishna Prasad Dahal
• Jagat Bahadur Bishwakarma
• Bhupendra Bahadur Thapa
• Dal Bahadur Rana
• Nanda Lal Rokka Chhetri
• Raj Bahadur Budhathoki
• Nawaraj Rawat
• Lal Bahadur Thapa
• Bhairav Bahadur Singh
• Tham Maya Thapa
• Kumari Tulsi Thapa
• Mohan Baniya
• Radha Kumari Gyawali
• Binda Pandey
• Goma Devkota
• Man Kumari GC
• Mayadevi Neupane
• Bishnu Sharma
• Sarita Neupane
• Maina Kumari Bhandari
• Tirtha Gautam
• Shiva Maya Tumbahangphe
• Sujata Shakya
• Bina Kumari Shrestha
• Nabina Lama
• Shanti Maya Tamang
• Kumari Meche
• Bimala Bishwakarma
• Bimala BK
• Sanu Shiva
• Aasha Kumari BK
• Motilal Dugad
• Sarita Kumari Giri
• Rekha Kumari

Nepali Congress

• Karma Ghale
• Lalkaji Gurung
• Jeep Tshering Lama
• Pramila Rai
• Mahendra Kumari Limbu
• Hira Gurung
• Mina Subba
• Divyamani Rajbhandari
• Satya Narayan Sharma
• Mohan Panday
• Ram Bahadur Bista
• Dila Sangraula
• Meena Pandey
• Uma Regmi
• Rangmati Shahi
• Gyan Kumari Chhantyal
• Namita Kumari Chaudhary
• Smriti Narayan Chaudhary
• Man Bahadur Bishwakarma
• Min Bahadur Bishwakarma
• Prakash Rasaili
• Sujata Pariyar
• Laxmi Pariyar
• Bimala Nepali
• Atahar Kamal Musalman
• Sarbat Aara Khanam
• Minendra Rijal
• Mohammad Aftab Alam

CPN (Maoist Centre)

• Surendra Karki
• Ganga Bahadur Tamang
• Hem Kumar Rai
• Suresh Kumar Rai
• Shyam Kumar Shrestha
• Haribol Gajurel
• Agni Prasad Sapkota ^[52]
• Hari Raj Adhikari
• Kamala Rokka
• Krishna Bahadur Mahara ^[53]
• Tek Bahadur Basnet
• Gajendra Bahadur Mahat ^[53]
• Suresh Chandra Das
• Santa Kumar Tharu
• Jayapuri Gharti
• Sashi Shrestha
• Yashoda Gurung Subedi
• Chudamani Khadka
• Purna Kumari Subedi
• Dharmasheela Chapagain
• Satya Pahadi
• Indu Kumari Sharma
• Ram Kumari Chaudhary
• Durga Kumari Bishwakarma
• Bodhmaya Kumari Yadav
• Dil Kumari Sah
• Chanda Tara Kumari
• Amrita Thapa
• Durga Bahadur Rawat

CPN (Unified Socialist)

• Kalilka Khatun
• Gopal Bahadur Bam
• Bhawani Prasad Khapung
• Hira Chandra KC
• Mukunda Neupane
• Kalyani Kumari Khadka
• Nira Devi Jairu
• Sarala Yadav
• Pushpa Kumari Karna Kayastha
• Samina Hussein
• Parbani Kumari Bishunkhe
• Laxmi Chaudhary
• Bina Budhathoki

People's Socialist Party Surya Narayan Yadav Hari Narayan Rauniyar Rani Mandal Lila Devi Sitaula Renu Kumari Yadav Nar Maya Dhakal

Loktantrik Samajwadi Party Bimal Prasad Shrivastav Chandra Kant Chaudhary Kali Devi Bishwakarma Dulari Devi Khatweni Nirajala Raut

Nepal Socialist Party Baburam Bhattarai [44] Nagarik Unmukti Party Resham Lal Chaudhary [54] Independent Chakka Bahadur Lama

source: ^[50]

Surveys and opinion polls

Dates conducted	Pollster	Party		Party list		Constituency	Total
16–30 Oct	Annapurna Media Network [55]		Nepali Congress	36	30%	59–63	101–105
			CPN (UML)	40	34%	47–52	90–100
			Maoist Centre	14	11%	17–21	30–40
			RSP	10	9%	1–5	10–15
			Unified Socialist	0	<3%	9–13	9–12
			PSP-N	5	4%	4–8	8–12
			RPP	5	4%	2–6	6–10
			LSP-N	0	<3%	1–4	2–4
			Janamorcha	0	<3%	1–2	1–2
			Majdoor Kisan	0	<3%	1–3	1
			Nagrik Unmukti	0	<3%	1–3	1
			Independents	0	<3%	5–9	6–10
Sample size	19,858	Total		110		165	275

Exit polls

Dates conducted	Pollster	Party		Constituency
19 Nov	ABC News [56]		Nepali Congress	61–70
			CPN (UML)	34–41
			Maoist Centre	24–31
			Unified Socialist	7–10
			PSP-N	5–7
			RPP	3–5
			LSP-N	3–4
			Janamorcha	2
			Others	10–15
		Tossup		16
Total				165

Results

Party		Party list			Constituency			Total seats	+/–
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)	2,845,641	26.95	34	3,233,567	30.83	44	78	–43
	Nepali Congress	2,715,225	25.71	32	2,431,907	23.19	57	89	+26
	Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)—Nepal Socialist Party [57]	1,175,684	11.13	14	982,826	9.37	18	32	–21
	Rastriya Swatantra Party	1,130,344	10.70	13	815,023	7.77	7	20	New
	Rastriya Prajatantra Party	588,849	5.58	7	549,340	5.24	7	14	+13
	People's Socialist Party, Nepal	421,314	3.99	5	379,337	3.62	7	12	–22
	Janamat Party	394,655	3.74	5	292,554	2.79	1	6	New
	Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)	298,391	2.83	0	436,020	4.16	10	10	New
	Nagrik Unmukti Party	271,722	2.57	0	172,205	1.64	3	3	New
	Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal	167,367	1.58	0	169,692	1.62	4	4	New
	Nepal Workers Peasants Party	75,168	0.71	0	71,567	0.68	1	1	0
	Hamro Nepali Party	55,743	0.53	0	57,077	0.54	0	0	New
	Mongol National Organisation	49,000	0.46	0	42,892	0.41	0	0	0
	Rastriya Janamorcha	46,504	0.44	0	57,278	0.55	1	1	0
	Nepal Federal Socialist Party	41,830	0.40	0	7,172	0.07	0	0	0
	Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)	30,599	0.29	0	18,716	0.18	0	0	0
	Rastriya Janamukti Party	23,934	0.23	0	34,012	0.32	0	0	0
	People's Progressive Party	18,059	0.17	0	37,511	0.36	0	0	New
	Nepal Naulo Janwadi Party―Nepal Aama Party―Nepal Sushashan Party―Sachet Nepali Party	17,902	0.17	0	18,495	0.18	0	0	New
	Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch	17,805	0.17	0	11,488	0.11	0	0	0
	Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal	17,080	0.16	0	7,274	0.07	0	0	New
	Nepali Congress (B.P.)	12,502	0.12	0	13,123	0.13	0	0	0
	Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal	12,340	0.12	0	10,087	0.10	0	0	New
	Nepali Janata Dal	10,137	0.10	0	1,654	0.02	0	0	0
	Bahujan Shakti Party	9,435	0.09	0	6,710	0.06	0	0	0
	Nepalka Lagi Nepali Party	8,436	0.08	0	3,893	0.04	0	0	New
	Nepal Communist Party	8,013	0.08	0	313	0.00	0	0	New
	Nepal Loktantrik Party	7,705	0.07	0	3,842	0.04	0	0	New
	Nepal Janata Party	7,518	0.07	0	2,269	0.02	0	0	New
	Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpa Lal)	7,402	0.07	0	1,760	0.02	0	0	New
	Miteri Party Nepal	7,043	0.07	0	22	0.00	0	0	New
	Janajagaran Party Nepal	6,550	0.06	0	324	0.00	0	0	New
	Aamul Pariwartan Masiha Party Nepal	6,429	0.06	0	1,366	0.01	0	0	0
	Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party	5,977	0.06	0	12,203	0.12	0	0	New
	Janasamajbadi Party	5,925	0.06	0	3,030	0.03	0	0	0
	Nepal Dalit Party―Samajik Ekata Party―Communist Party of Nepal (Socialist)	5,839	0.06	0	478	0.00	0	0	New
	Pichhadibarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party	5,105	0.05	0	379	0.00	0	0	New
	Bibeksheel Sajha Party	4,049	0.04	0	2,446	0.02	0	0	0
	Ekikrit Shakti Nepal	3,792	0.04	0	3,026	0.03	0	0	New
	Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Socialist)	3,702	0.04	0	766	0.01	0	0	New
	Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat)	3,406	0.03	0	293	0.00	0	0	0
	Rastriya Mukti Andolan Nepal	3,354	0.03	0			0	0	0
	Maulik Jarokilo Party	3,256	0.03	0	2,416	0.02	0	0	New
	Nepal Samabeshi Party	2,963	0.03	0			0	0	0
	Communist Party of Nepal (Paribartan)	2,220	0.02	0	364	0.00	0	0	New
	Rastriya Nagarik Party	2,150	0.02	0	149	0.00	0	0	0
	Nationalist People's Party	2,018	0.02	0	1,768	0.02	0	0	New
	Sajha Party Nepal				2,327	0.02	0	0	New
	Nepal Sadbhawana Party				660	0.01	0	0	New
	Nepal Bibeksheel Party				379	0.00	0	0	New
	Aitihasik Prajatantrik Janata Party Nepal				359	0.00	0	0	New
	Kirat Khambhuwan Sajha Party				278	0.00	0	0	New
	Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha Nepal				162	0.00	0	0	New
	Punarjagarn Party Nepal				141	0.00	0	0	New
	Nepalbad				131	0.00	0	0	0
	Tamangsaling Loktantrik Party				85	0.00	0	0	0
	Gandhibadi Party Nepal				60	0.00	0	–	New
	Rastriya Samajwadi Party Nepal				60	0.00	0	0	0
	Samajik Loktantrik Party				56	0.00	0	0	New
	Independents				584,629	5.57	5	5	+4
Total		10,560,082	100.00	110	10,487,961	100.00	165	275	0
Valid votes		10,560,082	94.91		10,487,961	94.94
Invalid/blank votes		566,144	5.09		559,076	5.06
Total votes		11,126,226	100.00		11,047,037	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		17,988,570	61.85		17,988,570	61.41
Source: Election Commission Nepal [58] ; [ citation needed ]

Results of party list vote by province Results of party list vote by district Results of party list vote by constituency

Results by constituency

Constituency	Elected MP	Party
Achham 1	Sher Bahadur Kunwor		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Achham 2	Pushpa Bahadur Shah		Nepali Congress
Arghakhanchi 1	Top Bahadur Rayamajhi		CPN (UML)
Baglung 1	Chitra Bahadur K.C.		Rastriya Janamorcha
Baglung 2	Devendra Paudel		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Baitadi 1	Damodar Bhandari		CPN (UML)
Bajhang 1	Bhanu Bhakta Joshi		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Bajura 1	Badri Prasad Pandey		Nepali Congress
Banke 1	Surya Prasad Dhakal		CPN (UML)
Banke 2	Dhawal Shamsher Rana		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Banke 3	Kishore Singh Rathore		Nepali Congress
Bara 1	Achyut Prasad Mainali		CPN (UML)
Bara 2	Ram Sahaya Yadav		People's Socialist Party
Bara 3	Jwala Kumari Sah		CPN (UML)
Bara 4	Krishna Kumar Shrestha		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Bardiya 1	Sanjay Kumar Gautam		Nepali Congress
Bardiya 2	Lalbir Chaudhary		Independent
Bhaktapur 1	Prem Suwal		Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party
Bhaktapur 2	Durlabh Thapa Chhetri		Nepali Congress
Bhojpur 1	Sudan Kirati		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Chitwan 1	Hari Dhakal		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Chitwan 2	Rabi Lamichhane		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Chitwan 3	Bikram Pandey		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Dadeldhura 1	Sher Bahadur Deuba		Nepali Congress
Dailekh 1	Amar Bahadur Thapa		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Dailekh 2	Dikpal Kumar Shahi		Nepali Congress
Dang 1	Metmani Chaudhary		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Dang 2	Rekha Sharma		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Dang 3	Deepak Giri		Nepali Congress
Darchula 1	Dilendra Prasad Badu		Nepali Congress
Dhading 1	Rajendra Prasad Pandey		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Dhading 2	Ram Nath Adhikari		Nepali Congress
Dhankuta 1	Rajendra Kumar Rai		CPN (UML)
Dhanusha 1	Dipak Karki		People's Socialist Party
Dhanusha 2	Ram Krishna Yadav		Nepali Congress
Dhanusha 3	Julie Kumari Mahato		CPN (UML)
Dhanusha 4	Raghubir Mahaseth		CPN (UML)
Dolakha 1	Ganga Karki		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Dolpa 1	Dhan Bahadur Buda		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Doti 1	Prem Bahadur Ale		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Gorkha 1	Rajendra Bajgain		Nepali Congress
Gorkha 2	Pushpa Kamal Dahal		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Gulmi 1	Chandra Kant Bhandari		Nepali Congress
Gulmi 2	Gokarna Raj Bista		CPN (UML)
Humla 1	Tshering Damdul Lama		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Ilam 1	Mahesh Basnet		CPN (UML)
Ilam 2	Subas Chandra Nemwang		CPN (UML)
Jajarkot 1	Shakti Bahadur Basnet		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Jhapa 1	Bishwa Prakash Sharma		Nepali Congress
Jhapa 2	Dev Raj Ghimire		CPN (UML)
Jhapa 3	Rajendra Lingden		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Jhapa 4	Lal Prasad Sawa Limbu		CPN (UML)
Jhapa 5	KP Sharma Oli		CPN (UML)
Jumla 1	Gyan Bahadur Shahi		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Kailali 1	Ranjeeta Shrestha		Nagrik Unmukti Party
Kailali 2	Arun Kumar Chaudhary		Nagrik Unmukti Party
Kailali 3	Ganga Ram Chaudhary		Nagrik Unmukti Party
Kailali 4	Bir Bahadur Balayar		Nepali Congress
Kailali 5	Dilli Raj Pant		Nepali Congress
Kalikot 1	Mahendra Bahadur Shahi		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Kanchanpur 1	Tara Lama Tamang		CPN (UML)
Kanchanpur 2	Narayan Prakash Saud		Nepali Congress
Kanchanpur 3	Ramesh Lekhak		Nepali Congress
Kapilvastu 1	Balaram Adhikari		CPN (UML)
Kapilvastu 2	Surendra Raj Acharya		Nepali Congress
Kapilvastu 3	Mangal Prasad Gupta		CPN (UML)
Kaski 1	Man Bahadur Gurung		CPN (UML)
Kaski 2	Bidya Bhattarai		CPN (UML)
Kaski 3	Damodar Poudel Bairagi		CPN (UML)
Kathmandu 1	Prakash Man Singh		Nepali Congress
Kathmandu 2	Sobita Gautam		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Kathmandu 3	Santosh Chalise		Nepali Congress
Kathmandu 4	Gagan Thapa		Nepali Congress
Kathmandu 5	Pradip Paudel		Nepali Congress
Kathmandu 6	Shishir Khanal		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Kathmandu 7	Ganesh Parajuli		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Kathmandu 8	Biraj Bhakta Shrestha		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Kathmandu 9	Krishna Gopal Shrestha		CPN (UML)
Kathmandu 10	Rajendra Kumar K.C.		Nepali Congress
Kavrepalanchok 1	Surya Man Dong		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Kavrepalanchok 2	Gokul Prasad Baskota		CPN (UML)
Khotang 1	Ram Kumar Rai		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Lalitpur 1	Udaya Shamsher Rana		Nepali Congress
Lalitpur 2	Prem Bahadur Maharjan		CPN (UML)
Lalitpur 3	Toshima Karki		Rastriya Swatantra Party
Lamjung 1	Prithivi Subba Gurung		CPN (UML)
Mahottari 1	Laxmi Mahato Koiri		CPN (UML)
Mahottari 2	Sharat Singh Bhandari		Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
Mahottari 3	Mahantha Thakur		Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
Mahottari 4	Mahendra Kumar Ray		Nepali Congress
Makwanpur 1	Deepak Bahadur Singh		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Makwanpur 2	Mahesh Kumar Bartaula		CPN (UML)
Manang 1	Tek Bahadur Gurung		Nepali Congress
Morang 1	Dig Bahadur Limbu		Nepali Congress
Morang 2	Rishikesh Pokharel		CPN (UML)
Morang 3	Sunil Kumar Sharma		Nepali Congress
Morang 4	Aman Lal Modi		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Morang 5	Yogendra Mandal		Independent
Morang 6	Shekhar Koirala		Nepali Congress
Mugu 1	Aain Bahadur Shahi Thakuri		Nepali Congress
Mustang 1	Yogesh Gauchan Thakali		Nepali Congress
Myagdi 1	Kham Bahadur Garbuja		Nepali Congress
Nawalpur 1	Shashanka Koirala		Nepali Congress
Nawalpur 2	Bishnu Kumar Karki		Nepali Congress
Nuwakot 1	Hit Bahadur Tamang		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Nuwakot 2	Arjun Narsingh K.C.		Nepali Congress
Okhaldhunga 1	Ram Hari Khatiwada		Nepali Congress
Palpa 1	Narayan Prasad Acharya		CPN (UML)
Palpa 2	Thakur Prasad Gaire		CPN (UML)
Panchthar 1	Basanta Kumar Nemwang		CPN (UML)
Parasi 1	Binod Chaudhary		Nepali Congress
Parasi 2	Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Parbat 1	Padam Giri		CPN (UML)
Parsa 1	Pradeep Yadav		People's Socialist Party
Parsa 2	Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya		Nepali Congress
Parsa 3	Raj Kumar Gupta		CPN (UML)
Parsa 4	Ramesh Rijal		Nepali Congress
Pyuthan 1	Surya Bahadur Thapa Chhetri		CPN (UML)
Ramechhap 1	Purna Bahadur Tamang		Nepali Congress
Rasuwa 1	Mohan Acharya		Nepali Congress
Rautahat 1	Madhav Kumar Nepal		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Rautahat 2	Kiran Kumar Sah		Independent
Rautahat 3	Prabhu Sah		Independent
Rautahat 4	Dev Prasad Timilsena		Nepali Congress
Rolpa 1	Barsaman Pun		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Rukum East 1	Purna Bahadur Gharti Magar		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Rukum West 1	Janardan Sharma		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Rupandehi 1	Chhabilal Bishwakarma		CPN (UML)
Rupandehi 2	Bishnu Prasad Paudel		CPN (UML)
Rupandehi 3	Deepak Bohara		Rastriya Prajatantra Party
Rupandehi 4	Sarbendra Nath Shukla		Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
Rupandehi 5	Basudev Ghimire		CPN (UML)
Salyan 1	Prakash Jwala		CPN (Unified Socialist)
Sankhuwasabha 1	Deepak Khadka		Nepali Congress
Saptari 1	Nawal Kishore Sah Sudi		People's Socialist Party
Saptari 2	CK Raut		Janamat Party
Saptari 3	Dinesh Kumar Yadav		Nepali Congress
Saptari 4	Teju Lal Chaudhary		Nepali Congress
Sarlahi 1	Ram Prakash Chaudhary		Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
Sarlahi 2	Mahindra Rai Yadav		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Sarlahi 3	Hari Prasad Upreti		CPN (UML)
Sarlahi 4	Amresh Kumar Singh		Independent
Sindhuli 1	Shyam Kumar Ghimire		Nepali Congress
Sindhuli 2	Lekh Nath Dahal		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Sindhupalchok 1	Madhav Sapkota		CPN (Maoist Centre)
Sindhupalchok 2	Mohan Bahadur Basnet		Nepali Congress
Siraha 1	Ram Shankar Yadav		CPN (UML)
Siraha 2	Raj Kishor Yadav		People's Socialist Party
Siraha 3	Lila Nath Shrestha		CPN (UML)
Siraha 4	Birendra Prasad Mahato		People's Socialist Party
Solukhumbu 1	Manbir Rai		CPN (UML)
Sunsari 1	Ashok Rai		People's Socialist Party
Sunsari 2	Bhim Prasad Acharya		CPN (UML)
Sunsari 3	Bhagwati Chaudhary		CPN (UML)
Sunsari 4	Gyanendra Bahadur Karki		Nepali Congress
Surkhet 1	Purna Bahadur Khadka		Nepali Congress
Surkhet 2	Hridaya Ram Thani		Nepali Congress
Syangja 1	Raju Thapa		Nepali Congress
Syangja 2	Dhanraj Gurung		Nepali Congress
Tanahun 1	Ram Chandra Paudel		Nepali Congress
Tanahun 2	Shankar Bhandari		Nepali Congress
Taplejung 1	Yogesh Bhattrai		CPN (UML)
Tehrathum 1	Sita Gurung		Nepali Congress
Udayapur 1	Narayan Khadka		Nepali Congress
Udayapur 2	Ambar Bahadur Rayamajhi		CPN (UML)

Results by province

Party list

Province	Party list vote share
	UML	NC	MC	RSP	RPP	PSP	JP	US	NUP	LSP	Others
Province 1	32.90	28.45	9.67	11.01	6.68	2.73	0.96	2.37	0.58	0.31	4.34
Madhesh	17.49	20.46	8.46	3.43	3.23	14.05	13.95	5.04	1.93	5.15	6.81
Bagmati	26.39	23.24	13.03	18.72	8.81	0.37	0.21	2.49	0.13	0.10	6.51
Gandaki	32.00	30.80	10.68	17.44	3.82	0.27	0.19	0.94	0.16	0.03	3.67
Lumbini	26.82	24.69	9.51	11.36	5.85	2.87	3.71	1.38	5.97	2.39	5.45
Karnali	31.20	30.82	23.08	3.44	3.28	0.24	0.07	4.35	0.04	0.10	3.38
Sudurpashchim	29.42	30.83	12.53	4.94	4.32	0.22	0.10	3.57	10.91	0.29	2.87

Constituency

Province	Total seats	Seats won
		NC	UML	MC	US	RSP	RPP	PSP	LSP	NUP	JP	NWPP	RJM	Ind
Province 1	28	9	13	3			1	1						1
Madhesh	32	8	9		2			6	3		1			3
Bagmati	33	13	4	5	1	7	2					1
Gandaki	18	10	5	2									1
Lumbini	26	5	11	4	1		3		1					1
Karnali	12	4		4	3		1
Sudurpashchim	16	8	2		3					3
Total	165	57	44	18	10	7	7	7	4	3	1	1	1	5

Notable losses

Former prime minister to lose in the election

• Jhala Nath Khanal – Ilam 1 (CPN (Unified Socialist))

Outgoing cabinet ministers to lose in the election

• Bal Krishna Khand – Rupandehi 3 (Nepali Congress)
• Pampha Bhusal – Lalitpur 3 (CPN (Maoist Centre))
• Umakant Chaudhary – Bara 1 (Nepali Congress)
• Maheshwar Jung Gahatraj – Banke 1 (CPN (Maoist Centre))
• Jeevan Ram Shrestha – Kathmandu 8 (CPN (Unified Socialist))

Outgoing ministers of state to lose in the election

• Umesh Shrestha – Chitwan 2 (Nepali Congress)

Former chief ministers to lose in the election

• Sherdhan Rai – Bhojpur 1 (CPN (UML))
• Shankar Pokharel – Dang 2 (CPN (UML))

Seats that changed hands

From CPN (UML) to Congress (32) Achham 2 Bajura 1 Banke 3 Bhaktapur 2 Dailekh 2 Darchula 1 Dhading 2 Gulmi 1 Kailali 5 Kanchanpur 2 Kanchanpur 3 Kapilvastu 2 Kathmandu 3 Kathmandu 5 Lalitpur 1 Manang 1 Morang 1 Morang 3 Morang 6 Mustang 1 Myagdi 1 Nawalpur 2 Nuwakot 2 Okhaldhunga 1 Parasi 1 Sankhuwasabha 1 Sindhuli 1 Surkhet 1 Surkhet 2 Syangja 1 Syangja 2 Tanahun 2 From Maoist Centre to CPN (UML) (9) Arghakhanchi 1 Banke 1 Kanchanpur 1 Kapilvastu 1 Lamjung 1 Mahottari 1 Sarlahi 3 Solukhumbu 1 Udayapur 2 From Congress to CPN (UML) (7) Bara 1 Kapilvastu 3 Morang 2 Rupandehi 5 Siraha 1 Sunsari 2 Sunsari 3

From Maoist Centre to Congress (5) Gorkha 1 [lower-alpha 5] Jhapa 1 [lower-alpha 5] Kailali 4 [lower-alpha 5] Ramechhap 1 [lower-alpha 5] Sindhupalchok 2 [lower-alpha 5] From Unified Socialist to CPN (UML) (4) Ilam 1 Lalitpur 2 Makwanpur 2 Palpa 2 From LSP-N to Congress (4) Dhanusha 2 [lower-alpha 5] Parsa 2 [lower-alpha 5] Parsa 4 [lower-alpha 5] Saptari 3 From Unified Socialist to Congress (4) Dang 3 [lower-alpha 5] Mugu 1 [lower-alpha 5] Tanahun 1 [lower-alpha 5] Tehrathum 1 [lower-alpha 5] From CPN (UML) to Unified Socialist (4) Achham 1 Bajhang 1 Dailekh 1 Dhading 1 From Maoist Centre to Independent (3) Bardiya 2 Morang 5 Rautahat 3 [lower-alpha 5] From CPN (UML) to Swatantra (3) Chitwan 1 Chitwan 2 Kathmandu 7 From PSP-N To CPN (UML) (2) Bara 3 Parsa 3 [lower-alpha 6] From Congress to Independent (2) Rautahat 2 Sarlahi 4 From Nepal Socialist Party to Maoist Centre (2) Gorkha 2 [lower-alpha 5] Sarlahi 2 [lower-alpha 5] From Maoist Centre to PSP-N (2) Dhanusha 1 Siraha 2 From Maoist Centre to RPP (2) Chitwan 3 Jumla 1

From CPN (UML) to Maoist Centre (2) Dolakha 1 Khotang 1 From CPN (UML) to RPP (2) Makwanpur 1 Rupandehi 3 [lower-alpha 7] From Unified Socialist to Swatantra (2) Kathmandu 2 Kathmandu 8 From LSP-N to Unified Socialist (2) Bara 4 [lower-alpha 5] Rautahat 3 [lower-alpha 5] From PSP-N to Congress (1) Mahottari 4 From Janamorcha to CPN (UML) (1) Pyuthan 1 From LSP-N to CPN (UML) (1) Dhanusha 3 From PSP-N to Janamat (1) Saptari 2 From CPN (UML) to Janamorcha (1) Baglung 1 From Congress to LSP-N (1) Rupandehi 4 From Independent to Maoist Centre (1) Humla 1 From CPN (UML) to Nagrik Unmukti (1) Kailali 2 From Maoist Centre to Nagrik Unmukti (1) Kailali 3 From RJP-N to Nagrik Unmukti (1) Kailali 1 From CPN (UML) to PSP-N (1) Sunsari 1 [lower-alpha 6] From Congress to RPP (1) Parasi 2 From PSP-N to RPP (1) Banke 2 From Congress to Swatantra (1) Kathmandu 6 From Maoist Centre to Swatantra (1) Lalitpur 3 From Maoist Centre to Unified Socialist (1) Salyan 1 [lower-alpha 5]

Analysis and aftermath

See also: 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal and Third Dahal cabinet

There were 12 political parties that were represented at the House of Representatives following the election. Only seven parties met the three percent threshold set in proportional voting to become national parties. ^[59]

Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party after the elections winning 89 seats. The Democratic Left Alliance won 136 seats at the election but failed to get a majority by two seats. The alliance were in talks with Janamat Party and Nagrik Unmukti Party in order to gain a majority in the House of Representatives. ^{[60] [61]}

CPN (UML) won 78 seats at the election and was the second largest party in the House of Representatives. The party however got the most votes in the party list proportional system. ^[62]

President Bidya Devi Bhandari called on the parties to form a government on 19 December 2022, after the final results of the election were presented to her by the Election Commission. ^[63] Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana from the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, as the senior-most member of the new House of Representatives, was sworn in on 21 December 2022 by the president. ^[64] He administered the oath of office to the newly elected members of the House of Representatives on 22 December 2022. ^[65]

After power sharing talks between the Democratic Alliance broke down on 25 December 2022, CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal presented his claim for the post of prime minister with the support of CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, People's Socialist Party, Janamat Party, Nagrik Unmukti Party and three independents. ^[66] Dahal was sworn in as prime minister for the third time the next day with an eight-member cabinet consisting of MPs from his party, CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party and Janamat Party, with the confidence and supply of RPP, PSP, NUP and three independents. ^[67]

The inaugural session was scheduled for 9 January 2023. ^[68] Dahal secured a vote of confidence on 10 January 2023 with 268 votes in his favor and only two MPs from Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party and Rastriya Janamorcha voting against him. ^[69]

The CPN (UML) withdrew from the coalition on 27 February 2023, citing Dahal's decision to back an opposition candidate supported by the Nepali Congress in the upcoming presidential election. ^[70] Dahal had announced this in order to gain the support of NC in the legislature. A vote of confidence is due within 30 days of the loss of a legislative majority. ^[71] The Rastriya Prajatantra Party had withdrawn support days prior due to the same issue. ^[72] The Rastriya Swatantra Party had also previously withdrawn its ministers from the government, ^[73] although remained supportive under a confidence-and-supply agreement.

See also

• 2022 Nepalese National Assembly election
• 2022 Nepalese provincial elections
• 2022 Nepalese local elections
• 2021 split in Nepalese communist parties
• 2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal
• 2022 Madhesh Provincial Assembly election

Notes

1. 1 candidate is contesting the election separate from the alliance.
2. 7 candidates are contesting the election with support from the Five Party Alliance.
3. 17 candidates are contesting the election with the support of the CPN (UML) alliance.
4. Party chairman Kamal Thapa contested the election as a candidate from CPN (UML)
5. Seat was part of seat sharing agreement between the Democratic Left Alliance
6. Seat was part of seat sharing agreement between the CPN (UML) and PSP-N
7. Seat was part of seat sharing agreement between CPN (UML) and RPP

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External links

• प्रतिनिधि सभा समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली तर्फ निर्वाचित सदस्यहरुको विवरण (Report of members elected to the House of Representatives via proportional voting) (in Nepali)