Notes
- ↑ Bura at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ↑ Blench, Roger (2009). Bura phonology and some suggestions concerning the orthography.
- ↑ "Roger Blench: Bura opening page". www.rogerblench.info. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
| Bura | |
|---|---|
| Mya Bura or Bura-Pabir | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Borno State, Adamawa State, Yobe State, Gombe State |
Native speakers | 510,000 (2020) [1] |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bwr |
| Glottolog | bura1292 |
| Linguasphere | 18-GBB-d (-da -db -dc) |
Bura-Pabir (also known as Bura, Burra, Bourrah, Pabir, Babir, Babur, Barburr, Mya Bura, Kwojeffa, Huve, Huviya) is a Chadic language spoken in North-eastern Nigeria by the Babur/Bura people. Dialects include Pela, Bura Pela, Hill Bura, Hyil Hawul, Bura Hyilhawul, and Plain Bura. The language is closely related to Kilba, Chibok, Margi and a few other north-eastern Nigerian Languages.[ citation needed ]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lateral | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
| prenasal vl. | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᵑk | ||||
| prenasal vd. | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||||
| implosive/ejc. | ɓ | ɗ | kʼ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | |||||
| prenasal vl. | ⁿt͡s | ⁿt͡ʃ | |||||
| prenasal vd. | ⁿd͡z | ⁿd͡ʒ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | h |
| voiced | v | z | ɮ | ʒ | ɣ | ||
| prenasal vl. | ᶬf | ⁿs | ⁿɬ | ⁿʃ | ᵑx | ||
| prenasal vd. | ᶬv | ⁿz | ⁿɮ | ⁿʒ | ᵑɣ | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
Consonant clusters also occur among plosives/affricates, nasals, and fricatives. [2]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
In the 2010 Bura-English Dictionary [3] Roger Blench proposed an orthography similar to that of Hausa includes the Latin alphabet with the addition of the letters ɓ, ɗ, ə, and ƙ. In addition, the following digraphs are used:
| IPA | Orthography |
|---|---|
| [ɬ] | tl |
| [ɮ] | dl |
| [ɣ] | gh |
The Biu–Mandara or Central Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon.
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Tera is a Chadic dialect cluster spoken in north-eastern Nigeria in the north and eastern parts of Gombe State and Borno State. Blench (2006) believes Pidlimdi (Hinna) dialect is a separate language.
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Mwaghavul is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State in central Nigeria and predominantly in Mangu LGA.
The Angas, Angas–Sura, or Central West Chadic languages are a branch of West Chadic languages spoken in Plateau State, north-central Nigeria.
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Bura Sign Language is a village sign language used by the Bura people around the village of Kukurpu, 40 km south-east of Biu, Nigeria, an area with a high degree of congenital deafness. What little is known about it is due to a brief visit and a videotape by Robert Blench in 2003. It is "likely ... quite independent" from other, better-known sign languages such as Nigerian Sign Language, since none of the signers have been to school and the area where it is used is rather remote.
Yiwom (Ywom), also known as Gerka or Gerkawa by the Hausa, is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Berom or Birom is the most widely spoken Plateau language in Nigeria. The language is locally numerically important and is consistently spoken by Berom of all ages in rural areas. However, the Berom are shifting to Hausa in cities. The small Cen and Nincut dialects may be separate languages. Approximately 1 million (2010) people speak in this language.
Saya is a Chadic dialect cluster of Nigeria.
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Fungwa, or Ura is a Kainji language in Pandogari, Niger State, Nigeria. The same word is also used for the people; Roger Blench estimated their numbers at no more than 1,000. Farming is the main occupation of the Fungwa while pottery is also an occupation practised by the women. The Fungwa live in the five villages of Gulbe, Gabi Tukurbe, Urenciki, Renga (Ringa) and Utana along the Pandogari–Allawa road in Rafi, Nigeria.
Mandaragirau is a town in Borno State, Nigeria.
Jibyal is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. It was discovered by Roger Blench in 2017.
Nigbo is an extinct Plateau language of Nigeria. It was spoken near Agameti on the Fadan Karshi-Wamba road near Sanga LGA, Kaduna State. The language, listed in Blench (2012) and (2019), is not reported in Ethnologue or Glottolog. It is presumably an Alumic language based on its proximity to Akpondu, a language closely related to Alumu and Tesu.
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