The 1872 Canadian federal election was held from July 20 to October 12, 1872, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 2nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party remained in power, defeating the Liberals. However, the Liberals increased their parliamentary representation considerably, while the Conservative seat count remained static, giving them only six more seats than the Liberals. The election produced the country's first minority government. The support of two independent Conservative MPs functionally gave Macdonald an extremely slim majority that allowed it to survive for two years, until it fell due to scandal.
The 31st Canadian Parliament was a briefly lived parliament in session from October 9 until December 14, 1979. The membership was set by the 1979 federal election on May 22, 1979, and it was dissolved after the minority government of Joe Clark failed to pass a Motion of Confidence on December 13, 1979 proposed by Bob Rae. The dissolution of parliament led to the 1980 federal election. Lasting only 66 days from first sitting to dissolution, and only nine months from election to election, the 31st was the shortest parliament in Canadian history.
The 27th Canadian Parliament was in session from December 9, 1965 until April 23, 1968. The membership was set by the 1965 federal election on November 8, 1965, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1968 election.
By-elections to the 38th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2004 federal election and the 2006 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 38th Canadian Parliament.
By-elections to the 36th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1997 federal election and the 2000 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 36th Canadian Parliament, with increases from by-elections.
By-elections to the 35th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1993 federal election and the 1997 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 35th Canadian Parliament, with little change from by-elections.
By-elections to the 34th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1988 federal election and the 1993 federal election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 34th Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.
By-elections to the 33rd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1984 federal election and the 1988 federal election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 33rd Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.
By-elections to the 32nd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1980 federal election and the 1984 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 32nd Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.
By-elections to the 31st Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1979 federal election and the 1980 federal election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 31st Canadian Parliament.
By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1974 federal election and the 1979 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 30th Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.
By-elections to the 28th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1968 federal election and the 1972 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 29th Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.
By-elections to the 27th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1965 federal election and the 1968 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 27th Canadian Parliament, with little change from by-elections.
By-elections to the 26th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1963 federal election and the 1965 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 26th Canadian Parliament, with no change from by-elections.
By-elections to the 24th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1958 federal election and the 1962 federal election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada led a majority government for the 24th Canadian Parliament.
By-elections to the 23rd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1957 federal election and the 1958 federal election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada led a minority government for the 23rd Canadian Parliament.
By-elections to the 22nd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1953 federal election and the 1957 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the 22nd Canadian Parliament.
By-elections to the 21st Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1949 federal election and the 1953 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the 21st Canadian Parliament.
By-elections to the 20th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1945 federal election and the 1949 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a working majority government for the 20th Canadian Parliament, though was technically a minority government during World War II.
By-elections to the 18th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1935 federal election and the 1940 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the 18th Canadian Parliament.