Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DMP1 gene. [5] [6] [7]
Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein is an extracellular matrix protein and a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family (other members being DSPP, IBSP, MEPE, and SPP1). This protein, which is critical for proper mineralization of bone and dentin, is present in diverse cells of bone and tooth tissues. The protein contains a large number of acidic domains, multiple phosphorylation sites, a functional arg-gly-asp cell attachment sequence, and a DNA binding domain. In undifferentiated osteoblasts it is primarily a nuclear protein that regulates the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. During osteoblast maturation the protein becomes phosphorylated and is exported to the extracellular matrix, where it orchestrates mineralized matrix formation. Mutations in the gene are known to cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia, a disease that manifests as rickets and osteomalacia. The gene structure is conserved in mammals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [7]
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a component of mineralized tissues such as bone, dentin, cementum and calcified cartilage. BSP is a significant component of the bone extracellular matrix and has been suggested to constitute approximately 8% of all non-collagenous proteins found in bone and cementum. BSP, a SIBLING protein, was originally isolated from bovine cortical bone as a 23-kDa glycopeptide with high sialic acid content.
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or CCN family member 1 (CCN1), is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the CYR61 gene.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM15 gene.
Tenascin C (TN-C) is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the TNC gene. It is expressed in the extracellular matrix of various tissues during development, disease or injury, and in restricted neurogenic areas of the central nervous system. Tenascin-C is the founding member of the tenascin protein family. In the embryo it is made by migrating cells like the neural crest; it is also abundant in developing tendons, bone and cartilage.
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VASP gene.
Laminin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMA1 gene.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM9 gene.
Fibulin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBLN2 gene.
Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 also known as phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPAP2A gene.
Integrin beta-1-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1BP1 gene.
Hyaluronan synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS1 gene.
Krueppel-like factor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF10 gene.
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DPYSL3 gene.
Hyaluronan synthase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS3 gene.
Integrin beta-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB8 gene.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 28 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM28 gene.
Integrin alpha-11 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ITGA11 gene.
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEPE gene. A conserved RGD motif is found in this protein, and this is potentially involved in integrin recognition.
Family with sequence similarity 20, member C also known as FAM20C or DMP4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FAM20C gene. Fam20C, a Golgi localized protein kinase, is a serine kinase that phosphorylates both casein and other highly acidic proteins and members of the small integrin-binding ligand, the N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) family at the target motif SerXGlu.
Dentin sialophosphoprotein is a precursor protein for other proteins found in the teeth. It is produced by cells (odontoblasts) inside the teeth, and in smaller quantities by bone tissues. It is required for normal hardening (mineralisation) of teeth. During teeth development, it is broken down into three proteins such as dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). These proteins become the major non-collagenous components of teeth. Their distribution in the collagen matrix of the forming dentin suggests these proteins play an important role in the regulation of mineral deposition. Additional evidence for this correlation is phenotypically manifested in patients with mutant forms of dentin sialophosphoprotein. Such patients suffer dental anomalies including type III dentinogenesis imperfecta.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Nuclear Localization of DMP1
J.O. MANCERA1, T. JHALA2, S. WANG2, C. QIN2, R. D'SOUZA2, and Y. LU2, 1School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX