Damerham

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Damerham
Damerham, half-timbered cottages - geograph.org.uk - 1484981.jpg
Damerham
Hampshire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Damerham
Location within Hampshire
Population519  [1]
508 (2011 Census including Lopshill and Lower Daggons) [2]
OS grid reference SU105158
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town FORDINGBRIDGE
Postcode district SP6
Dialling code 01725
Police Hampshire and Isle of Wight
Fire Hampshire and Isle of Wight
Ambulance South Central
UK Parliament
Website www.damerham.net
List of places
UK
England
Hampshire
50°56′31″N1°51′07″W / 50.942°N 1.852°W / 50.942; -1.852

Damerham is a rural village and civil parish in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England, near Fordingbridge. The area has notable Neolithic and Bronze Age barrows. It was the site of an Anglo-Saxon religious community, mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great. By the time of Domesday Book (1086), Damerham was a major settlement in the possession of Glastonbury Abbey. The village has a riverside mill and a Norman church.

Contents

Geography

Damerham lies in the valley of the Allen River, a minor tributary of the Hampshire Avon. The river flows north-west to south-east across the parish, and becomes the Ashford Water as it continues east to join the Avon just below Fordingbridge. [3]

The village is about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Fordingbridge and is connected to nearby settlements by minor roads. The county boundary with Dorset follows the south-west and south boundaries of the parish. [4]

History

Settled since Saxon times, Damerham (anciently South Damerham) [5] is said to be the birthplace of Æthelflæd, wife of Edmund I. [6] Adam of Damerham (13th century), the author of Historia de Rebus gestis Glastoniensibus, was a native. [5]

Prehistory

Will of Alfred the Great, AD 873-888, mentions Domrahamme (11th-century copy, British Library Stowe MS 944, ff. 29v-33r) Will of Alfred the Great (New Minster Liber Vitae) - BL Stowe MS 944, f 33v.jpg
Will of Alfred the Great, AD 873–888, mentions Domrahamme (11th-century copy, British Library Stowe MS 944, ff. 29v–33r)
River Allen at Damerham Allen River at Damerham - geograph.org.uk - 448772.jpg
River Allen at Damerham
St George's Church Church of St George, Damerham - geograph.org.uk - 448864.jpg
St George's Church
The churchyard Churchyard at St George's Church, Damerham - geograph.org.uk - 449207.jpg
The churchyard
The Compasses inn The Compasses Damerham Hampshire - geograph.org.uk - 932577.jpg
The Compasses inn

Damerham is the site of a prehistoric complex including two 6,000-year-old tombs representing some of the earliest monuments built in Britain. [8] It was discovered by a team led by Helen Wickstead, a Kingston University archaeologist. These were previously undiscovered Neolithic tombs known as long barrows. [8] [9]

Another earthwork, Soldiers Ring, situated on a crest in an area of Celtic fields, is thought to be a Romano-British cattle enclosure. [10]

Damerham was a royal estate of the kings of Wessex, and a religious community there was mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great: "And it is my will that the community at Damerham be given their landbooks and their freedom to choose whatever lord as is dearest to them, for my sake and for Ælfflæd." [11] It may have been a nunnery headed by Ælfflæd, possibly a kinswoman of the king. [12] In 940–6 Edmund I granted a hundred mansae at Damerham with Martin and Pentridge to his queen, Æthelflæd. [5] Damerham may have been the birthplace of Æthelflæd. [6] Æthelflæd bequeathed Damerham to Glastonbury Abbey when she died in the late 10th century. [13]

Domesday

In the time of Domesday Book (1086), Damerham was a large settlement of 80 households. [14] Glastonbury Abbey still held the manor, which remained with the abbey until the Dissolution of the Monasteries. [5] It then passed to the Crown, and in 1540 Henry VIII leased part of the demesne land and certain farms belonging to the manor for 21 years to Richard Snell – these premises were in 1608 granted to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, and remained with his descendants. [5] In 1544 Henry VIII granted the manor of Damerham to his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, but it passed back to the Crown on her death in 1548. [5] In 1575 Elizabeth I granted it to the Bishop of Salisbury, and, except for the temporary sale by Parliament to William Lytton in 1649, it remained in the possession of successive bishops until 1863. [5] In 1565, Damerham was the birthplace of a noted translator and book collector, Robert Ashley. [15]

Another important manor was the manor of Little Damerham which was owned by Glastonbury Abbey. [5] Glastonbury Abbey also held lands in the manors of Hyde and Stapleham. [5] Some of these lands were also held by Cranborne Priory, and Tewkesbury Abbey, to which Cranborne Priory was a cell. [5] The hide at Lopshill (Lopushale) is mentioned as within the boundaries of the manor of Damerham in 940–6; it is now Lopshill Farm, in the south of the parish. [5]

The Domesday Book records four mills at Damerham. [14] One was given to Geoffrey Fitz-Ellis by John, Abbot of Glastonbury (1274–90). [5] In 1326 Henry Dotenel released to the Abbot of Glastonbury all his claim in a water-mill called Weremulle in Damerham. [5] In the survey of the manor taken in 1518 a water-mill called Lytellmyle is mentioned. [5] This mill probably stood near Littlemill Bridge at North End, but it has now disappeared. [5] In 1608 "all the water-mills of Damerham" were granted to Robert Earl of Salisbury. [5] The only mill now in existence in the parish is Damerham Mill in the village on the River Allen. [5]

Later history

Damerham Park is mentioned in 1226–1227 and in 1283, and at the latter date it contained deer. [5] In 1518 the park, which contained 125 acres of wood, divided into three coppices: Edmundshay, Middle Coppis, and Drakenorth Coppis. [5] It was apparently disparked before 1540. [5]

The Church of Saint George dates from the Norman period. [6] The earliest sections are the lower part of the tower and the north aisle (12th century). [5] In the 13th century the chancel was seemingly rebuilt and a south aisle added to the nave. [5] The tower was nearly rebuilt about this time. The 12th-century north aisle and transept were probably pulled down in the 15th century and the existing aisle substituted. [5] The church has rare features including a canonical sundial and a relief of St George. [6]

In 1830 the manor-house (West Park House) was attacked in a riot against the introduction of machinery (Swing riots) and several people were captured and sent to Winchester. [5] One quarter of the village burned down in the "Great Fire" of 1863, but the damage was soon repaired owing to the exertions of the vicar, William Owen. [5] [16]

Damerham was transferred from Wiltshire to Hampshire in 1895. [5] In 1953, the village gave its name to a Ham class minesweeper, HMS Damerham.

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References

  1. ↑ "2001 Census Neighbourhood Statistics – Civil Parishes in the New Forest". www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  2. ↑ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "Ashford Water (Allen River)". Catchment Data Explorer. Environment Agency. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  4. ↑ "Election Maps: Great Britain". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Page, William, ed. (1911). "Parishes: South Damerham". A History of the County of Hampshire, Volume 4. Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 586–591. Retrieved 19 March 2023– via British History Online.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Hampshire Treasures – Damerham, page 73". Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  7. ↑ Charter S 1507 Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine at the Electronic Sawyer
  8. 1 2 Neolithic Age: Prehistoric Complex Including Two 6,000-year-old Tombs Discovered In Britain
  9. ↑ Huge Pre-Stonehenge Complex Found via "Crop Circles" James Owen, National Geographic News, 15 June 2009
  10. ↑ "Hampshire Treasures – Damerham, page 76". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  11. ↑ Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael, eds. (1983). Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred & Other Contemporary Sources. London, UK: Penguin Classics. pp. 178, 326. ISBN   978-0-14-044409-4.
  12. ↑ Smyth, Alfred P. (1995). King Alfred the Great. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 264. ISBN   0-19-822989-5.
  13. ↑ Will of Æthelflæd, at www.anglo-saxons.net
  14. 1 2 "Domesday Map – Damerham". Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  15. ↑ Ferris, J. (14 November 2018). "Ashley, Robert (1565–1641), translator and book collector". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  16. ↑ History Archived 19 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine , [www.damerham.net.]
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