Demographics of Slovenia

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Demographics of Slovenia
Slovenia single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Slovenia in 2020
Population2,101,208 (2022 est.)
Growth rateDecrease2.svg 0.06% (2022 est.)
Birth rate8.3 births/1,000 population
Death rate10.4 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy81.82 years
 • male78.96 years
 • female84.79 years
Fertility rate1.6 children
Infant mortality rate1.52 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.04 male(s)/female
Population density in Slovenia by municipality Population density in Slovenia.png
Population density in Slovenia by municipality
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1857 1,101,854—    
1869 1,128,768+0.20%
1880 1,182,223+0.42%
1890 1,234,056+0.43%
1900 1,268,055+0.27%
1910 1,321,098+0.41%
1921 1,304,800−0.11%
1931 1,397,650+0.69%
1948 1,439,800+0.17%
1953 1,504,427+0.88%
1961 1,591,523+0.71%
1971 1,727,137+0.82%
1981 1,891,864+0.92%
1991 1,913,355+0.11%
2002 1,964,036+0.24%
2011 2,050,189+0.48%
2021 2,108,977+0.28%
Source: [1]

Demographic features of the population of Slovenia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

With 101 inhabitants per square kilometre (262/sq mi), Slovenia ranks low among the European countries in population density (compared to 402/km2 (1042/sq mi) for the Netherlands or 195/km2 (505/sq mi) for Italy). The Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region has the lowest population density, and the Central Slovenia Statistical Region has the highest. [2]

According to the 2002 census, Slovenia's main ethnic group are Slovenes (83%). At least 13% of the population were immigrants from other parts of former Yugoslavia, primarily ethnic Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Croats and Serbs and their descendants. [3] They have settled mainly in cities and suburbanised areas. [4] Relatively small but protected by the Constitution of Slovenia are the Hungarian and the Italian national community. [5] [6] [7] A special position is held by the geographically dispersed Roma ethnic community. [8] [9]

Slovenia is among the European countries with the most pronounced ageing of population, ascribable to a low birth rate and increasing life expectancy. [10] Almost all Slovenian inhabitants older than 64 are retired, with no significant difference between the genders. [11] The working-age group is diminishing in spite of immigration. [12] The proposal to raise the retirement age from the current 57 for women and 58 for men was rejected in a referendum in 2011. [13] Also the difference among the genders regarding life expectancy is still significant. [11] In 2007, it was 74.6 years for men and 81.8 years for women. [14] In addition, in 2009, the suicide rate in Slovenia was 22 per 100,000 persons per year, which places Slovenia among the highest ranked European countries in this regard. [15]

Population

Census datePopulation [1] Population density
(per km2)
18571,101,85454.4
18691,128,76855.7
18801,182,22358.3
18901,234,05660.9
19001,268,05562.5
19101,321,09865.2
19211,304,80064.4
19311,397,65068.9
19481,439,80071.0
19531,504,42774.2
19611,591,52378.5
19711,727,13785.2
19811,891,86493.3
19911,913,35594.4
20021,964,03696.9
20112,050,189101.1
20212,108,977104.0

Vital statistics

[16] [17]

Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia [18]

Average population (Q4, 2008 onwards)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude mirgration rate (per 1000)Total fertility rateFemale fertile population (15–49 years)
19501,466,88135,15617,33517,82124.011.812.13.01408,581
19511,480,24534,02018,49715,52323.012.510.5-1.52.90404,031
19521,493,55033,44415,61717,82722.410.511.9-3.12.86399,484
19531,508,42833,75414,94818,80622.49.912.5-2.62.86394,935
19541,521,48531,82814,89716,93120.99.811.1-2.62.64399,380
19551,533,99832,09615,10916,98720.99.811.1-2.92.61403,825
19561,545,59131,46616,35115,11520.410.69.8-2.32.52408,271
19571,556,52130,08614,54515,54119.39.310.0-3.02.41405,284
19581,566,97928,28314,08214,20118.09.09.1-2.42.22409,354
19591,576,20428,43215,35713,07518.09.78.3-2.52.23409,202
19601,580,14527,82515,14512,68017.69.68.0-5.52.20405,210
19611,595,45028,95514,01314,94218.18.89.40.22.33401,219
19621,604,98029,03515,86613,16918.19.98.2-2.32.28410,687
19631,614,41429,17415,10214,07218.19.48.7-2.92.27410,442
19641,630,55329,18416,72912,45517.910.37.62.32.30404,812
19651,650,41330,58715,98714,60018.59.78.83.22.43413,598
19661,669,60630,94115,24815,69318.59.19.42.12.47421,820
19671,690,93929,82416,35313,47117.69.78.04.72.37431,579
19681,703,70828,58017,44611,13416.810.26.51.02.25444,518
19691,714,02227,88318,5649,31916.310.85.40.62.18447,334
19701,726,51327,43217,35410,07815.910.15.81.42.11448,739
19711,738,10128,27817,42510,85316.310.06.20.42.17451,193
19721,751,50628,71318,15310,56016.410.46.01.62.16447,843
19731,766,12529,54817,61411,93416.710.06.81.52.21453,882
19741,782,47028,62517,20611,41916.19.76.42.82.12454,814
19751,800,02229,78618,18011,60616.510.16.43.32.18460,560
19761,819,27630,33918,15712,18216.710.06.73.92.19458,903
19771,839,35829,90417,63312,27116.39.66.74.32.16457,783
19781,862,62030,35418,35711,99716.39.96.46.12.20452,406
19791,882,30430,60418,14812,45616.39.66.63.92.19459,736
19801,901,20829,90218,82011,08215.79.95.84.22.11467,064
19811,917,46929,22018,73310,48715.29.85.53.01.97476,888
19821,924,87728,89419,6479,24715.010.24.8-1.01.93481,591
19831,933,10427,20020,7036,49714.110.73.40.91.81483,848
19841,942,80226,27420,2146,06013.510.43.11.91.75485,852
19851,973,15125,93319,8546,07913.110.13.112.51.72488,181
19861,980,71825,57019,4996,07112.99.83.10.81.67496,670
19871,989,46225,59219,8375,75512.910.02.91.51.65505,330
19881,999,98825,20919,1266,08312.69.6'3.02.2'1.63507,570
19891,999,40423,44718,6694,77811.79.32.4-2.71.53508,739
19901,998,09022,36818,5553,81311.29.31.9-2.61.46510,180
19912,001,76821,58319,3242,25910.89.71.10.71.42511,850
19921,995,83219,98219,33364910.09.70.3-3.31.33512,188
19931,990,62319,79320,012−2199.910.1−0.1-2.51.33511,701
19941,988,85019,46319,3591049.89.70.1-0.91.32512,918
19951,987,50518,98018,968129.59.50.0-0.71.29515,495
19961,991,16918,78818,6201689.49.40.11.81.28516,639
19971,986,84818,16518,928−7639.19.5−0.4-1.81.25516,407
19981,982,60317,85619,039−1,1839.09.6−0.6-1.51.23516,296
19991,985,55717,53318,885−1,3528.89.5−0.72.21.21516,261
20001,990,27218,18018,588−4089.19.3−0.22.61.26515,258
20011,992,03517,47718,508−1,0318.89.3−0.51.41.21512,358
20021,995,71817,50118,701−1,2008.89.4−0.62.51.21510,692
20031,996,77317,32119,451−2,1308.79.7−1.11.61.21507,713
20041,997,00417,96118,523−5629.09.3−0.30.41.25504,530
20052,001,11418,15718,825−6689.19.4−0.32.41.26500,449
20062,008,51618,93218,1807529.49.10.43.31.32496,853
20072,019,40619,82318,5841,2399.89.20.64.81.39491,536
20082,027,496 [19] 21,81718,3083,50910.89.11.72.31.54486,506
20092,045,90121,85618,7503,10610.79.21.57.51.54483,680
20102,048,95122,34318,6093,73410.99.11.8-0.31.58479,815
20112,054,74121,94718,6993,24810.79.11.61.21.57474,646
20122,058,12321,93819,2572,68110.79.41.30.31.59469,442
20132,060,66321,11119,3341,77710.39.40.90.41.55463,138
20142,062,73121,16518,8862,27910.39.21.1-0.11.58456,811
20152,064,63220,64119,83480710.09.60.40.51.58450,224
20162,065,87920,34519,6896569.99.50.30.31.59443,390
20172,065,89020,24120,509−2689.89.9−0.10.11.62436,478
2018 [20] 2,076,59519,58520,485−9009.59.9−0.45.61.61430,225
2019 [21] [22] 2,094,06019,32820,588−1,2609.39.9−0.69.01.61428,255
2020 [23] [24] 2,111,46118,76724,016−5,2498.911.4−2.510.81.60426,155
2021 [25] [26] 2,108,70818,98423,261−4,2779.011.0−2.00.71.64425,310
20222,110,54717,62722,492−4,8658.410.7−2.33.21.55423,301
2023p2,123,10316,87121,465−4,6967.910.1−2.28.2423.982

Current vital statistics

[27] [28] [29]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - February 20232,6873,983−1,296
January - February 20242,6654,102−1,437
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -22 (-0.82%)Increase Negative.svg +119 (+2.99%)Decrease2.svg -141

Structure of the population

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2021) (Fully register based census.): [30]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 059 9381 049 0392 108 977100
0–451 23048 11999 3494.71
5–956 15552 767108 9225.16
10–1456 28553 175109 4605.19
15–1948 45045 49793 9474.45
20–2455 50048 158103 6584.92
25–2960 66052 345113 0055.36
30–3471 30962 333133 6426.34
35–3979 85570 219150 0747.12
40–4485 95275 862161 8147.67
45–4980 25072 516152 7667.24
50–5476 91372 888149 8017.10
55–5976 79975 553152 3527.22
60–6471 99872 474144 4726.85
65-6966 49570 032136 5276.47
70-7450 20057 623107 8235.11
75-7932 46543 27375 7383.59
80-8423 62137 43161 0522.89
85-8911 65624 98636 6421.74
90-943 56911 12914 6980.70
95-995252 4292 9540.14
100+512302810.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14163 670154 061317 73115.07
15–64707 686647 8451 355 53164.27
65+188 582247 133435 71520.66

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy in Slovenia since 1950 Life expectancy in Slovenia.svg
Life expectancy in Slovenia since 1950
Life expectancy in Slovenia since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Slovenia -diff.png
Life expectancy in Slovenia since 1960 by gender
PeriodLife expectancy in

Years [31]

1950–195565.60
1955–1960Increase2.svg 67.88
1960–1965Increase2.svg 69.15
1965–1970Increase2.svg 69.17
1970–1975Increase2.svg 69.81
1975–1980Increase2.svg 70.97
1980–1985Increase2.svg 71.21
1985–1990Increase2.svg 72.69
1990–1995Increase2.svg 73.74
1995–2000Increase2.svg 75.26
2000–2005Increase2.svg 76.66
2005–2010Increase2.svg 78.55
2010–2015Increase2.svg 80.31

Marriages and divorces

Immigration

Largest groups of foreign residents [33]
RankNationalityPopulation (2023)
1Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 87,446
2Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 27,013
3Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 17,652
4Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 14,863
5 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 9,819
6Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 8,524
7Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 4,172
8 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 3,135
9 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 2,695
10Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1,285
11 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1,051
12Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 1,029
13Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 713
14Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 670
15 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 656
16 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 506
17 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 476
18 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 468
19Flag of the United States.svg  United States 468
20Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 369

Ethnic groups

The majority of Slovenia's population are ethnic Slovenes (83.06%). Hungarians and Istrian Italians have the status of indigenous minorities under the Constitution of Slovenia, which guarantees them seats in the National Assembly. Most other minority groups, particularly those from other parts of the former Yugoslavia (except for one part of autochthonous community of Serbs and Croats), relocated after World War II for economic reasons.

Around 12.4% of the inhabitants of Slovenia were born abroad. [34] According to data from 2008, there were around 100,000 non-EU citizens living in Slovenia, or around 5% of the overall population of the country. [35] The highest number came from Bosnia and Herzegovina, followed by immigrants from Serbia, North Macedonia, Croatia (which has since joined the EU itself) and Kosovo. In April 2019, there were 143,192 foreign citizens living in Slovenia, representing 6.87% of Slovenia's population. [36] The number of people migrating to Slovenia has been steadily rising from 1995; [37] and the rate of immigration itself has been increasing year-on-year, reaching its peak in 2016. Since Slovenia joined the EU in 2004, the yearly inflow of immigrants has doubled by 2006 and tripled by 2009. [38] In 2007, Slovenia was one of the countries with the fastest growth of net migration rate in the European Union. [37]

Population of Slovenia by ethnic group, 1948–20021
Ethnic
group		1948 census1953 census1961 census1971 census1981 census1991 census2002 census
Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %
Slovenes 1,350,14997.01,415,44896.51,522,24895.61,578,96394.01,668,62390.81,689,65788.31,631,36383.1
Serbs 7,0480.511,2250.813,6090.920,2091.241,6952.347,4012.538,9642.0
Croats 16,0691.217,9781.231,4292.041,5562.553,8822.952,8762.835,6421.8
Ethnic Muslims 1790.01,6170.14650.03,1970.213,3390.726,5771.410,4670.5
Bosniaks 21,5421.1
Hungarians 10,5790.811,0190.810,4980.78,9430.58,7770.58,0000.46,2430.3
Albanians 2160.01690.02820.01,2660.11,9330.13,5340.26,1860.3
Macedonians 3660.06400.01,0090.11,5720.13,2270.24,3710.23,9720.2
Romani 460.01,6630.11580.09510.11,3930.12,2590.13,2460.2
Montenegrins 5210.01,3560.11,3840.11,9500.13,1750.24,3390.22,6670.1
Italians 1,4580.18540.13,0720.22,9870.22,1380.12,9590.22,2580.1
Others/undeclared5,2420.44,4560.37,3690.519,2121.140,1992.279,3744.1201,48610.3
Total1,391,8731,466,4251,591,5231,679,0511,838,3811,913,3551,964,036
1 Source: Archived 6 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine .

Religion

Traditionally, Slovenes are predominantly Roman Catholic. Before World War II, 97% of Slovenes declared as Roman Catholics, around 2.5% were Lutheran, and only around 0.5% belonged to other denominations. Catholicism was an important feature of both social and political life in pre-communist Slovenia. After 1945, the country underwent a process of gradual but steady secularization. After a decade of severe persecution of religions, the communist regime adopted a policy of relative tolerance towards the churches, but limited their social functioning. After 1990, the Roman Catholic Church regained some of its former influence, but Slovenia remains a largely secularized society. According to the 2002 census, 57.8% of the population is Roman Catholic. As elsewhere in Europe, affiliation with Roman Catholicism is dropping: in 1991, 71.6% were self-declared Catholics, which means a drop of more than 1% annually. [39] The vast majority of Slovenian Catholics belong to the Latin Church. A small number of Eastern Catholics live in the White Carniola region. [40]

Despite a relatively small number of Protestants (less than 1% in 2002), the Protestant legacy is important because of its historical significance, since the bases of Slovene standard language and Slovene literature were established by the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Nowadays, a significant Lutheran minority lives in the easternmost region of Prekmurje, where they represent around a fifth of the population and are headed by a bishop with the seat in Murska Sobota. [41]

Besides these two Christian denominations, a small Jewish community has also been historically present. Despite the losses suffered during the Holocaust, Judaism still numbers a few hundred adherents, mostly living in Ljubljana, site of the sole remaining active synagogue in the country. [42]

According to the 2002 census, Islam is the second largest religious denomination with around 2.4% of the population. Most Slovenian Muslims came from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. [43] The third largest denomination, with around 2.2% of the population, is Orthodox Christianity, with most adherents belonging to the Serbian Orthodox Church, whereas a minority belong to the Macedonian Orthodox Church and other Orthodox churches.

In the 2002, around 10% of Slovenes declared themselves as atheists, another 10% professed no specific denomination, and around 16% decided not to answer the question about their religious affiliation. According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2005, [44] 37% of Slovenian citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", whereas 46% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 16% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".

The distribution of the residents of Slovenia by religion is the following: Roman Catholic 57.8%, atheist 10.1%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox Christian 2.3%, Protestant 0.9%, other and unknown 26.5% (2002).

According to the published data from the 2002 Slovenian census, out of a total of 47,488 Muslims (2.4% of the total population) 2,804 Muslims (5.90% of the total Muslims in Slovenia) declared themselves as ethnic Slovenian Muslims. [45]

Language

The official language in Slovenia is Slovene, which is a member of the South Slavic language group. In 2002, Slovene was the native language of around 88% of Slovenia's population according to the census, with more than 92% of the Slovenian population speaking it in their home environment. [46] [47] This places Slovenia among the most homogeneous countries in the EU in terms of the share of speakers of predominant mother tongue. [48] Slovene is sometimes characterized as the most diverse Slavic language in terms of dialects, [49] with different degrees of mutual intelligibility.[ citation needed ] Accounts of the number of dialects range from as few as seven [50] [51] [52] dialects, often considered dialect groups or dialect bases that are further subdivided into as many as 50 dialects. [53] Other sources characterize the number of dialects as nine [54] or eight. [55]

The distribution of speakers by language is the following: Slovene 87.7%, Serbo-Croatian 8%, Hungarian 0.4%, Albanian 0.4%, Macedonian 0.2%, Romani 0.2%, Italian 0.2%, German 0.1%, other 0.1% (Russian, Czech, Ukrainian, English, Slovak, Polish, Romanian, Turkish, French, Bulgarian, Arabic, Spanish, Dutch, "Vlach", Rusyn, Greek, Swedish, Danish or Armenian), unknown 2.7% (2002)

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

2,102,678 (July 2020 est.)

Age structure


0–14 years: 13.4% (male 138,604/female 130,337)
15–64 years: 69.8% (male 703,374/female 692,640)
65 years and over: 16.8% (male 132,096/female 203,068) (2011 est.)

Median age

total: 42.8 years
male: 41.1 years
female: 44.5 years (2012 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 50% of total population (2012 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2010-2015 est.)

Sex ratio


at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2010)

Life expectancy at birth


total population: 80 years
male: 77 years
female: 83 years (2013 est)

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Styria (Slovenia)</span> Traditional region of Slovenia

Styria, also Slovenian Styria or Lower Styria, is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia, comprising the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria. The population of Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia. The largest city is Maribor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Serbia</span>

Demographic features of the population of Serbia include vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population.

The Croats are an ethnic group in Slovenia. In the 2002 census 35,642 citizens of Slovenia identified themselves as Croats, making them second most-populous non-Slovene ethnic group in Slovenia. Despite their centuries-old presence, Croats do not have the status of a national minority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Slovenia</span> Languages of the country and its peoples

Slovenia has been a meeting area of the Slavic, Germanic, Romance, and Uralic linguistic and cultural regions, which makes it one of the most complex meeting point of languages in Europe. The official and national language of Slovenia is Slovene, which is spoken by a large majority of the population. It is also known, in English, as Slovenian. Two minority languages, namely Hungarian and Italian, are recognised as co-official languages and accordingly protected in their residential municipalities. Other significant languages are Croatian and its variants and Serbian, spoken by most immigrants from other countries of former Yugoslavia and their descendants. Slovenia is ranked among the top European countries regarding the knowledge of foreign languages. The most often taught foreign languages are English and German, followed by Italian, French, and Spanish.

Carinthian Slovenes or Carinthian Slovenians are the indigenous minority of Slovene ethnicity, living within borders of the Austrian state of Carinthia, neighboring Slovenia. Their status of the minority group is guaranteed in principle by the Constitution of Austria and under international law, and have seats in the National Ethnic Groups Advisory Council.

Hungarian Slovenes are an autochthonous ethnic and linguistic Slovene minority living in Hungary. The largest groups are the Rába Slovenes in the Rába Valley in Hungary between the town of Szentgotthárd and the borders with Slovenia and Austria. They speak the Prekmurje Slovene dialect. Outside the Rába Valley, Slovenes mainly live in the Szombathely region and in Budapest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Slovenia</span> Overview of religion in Slovenia

The dominant religion in Slovenia is Christianity, primarily the Catholic Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in the country. Other Christian groups having significant followings in the country include Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism (Lutheranism). Islam, Judaism and Hinduism are small minorities in Slovenia. About 18% of the population are either agnostic or atheist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slovene Partisans</span> Slovene part of the Communist-led Yugoslav World War II resistance movement

The Slovene Partisans, formally the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Slovenia, were part of Europe's most effective anti-Nazi resistance movement led by Yugoslav revolutionary communists during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans. Since a quarter of Slovene ethnic territory and approximately 327,000 out of total population of 1.3 million Slovenes were subjected to forced Italianization since the end of the First World War, the objective of the movement was the establishment of the state of Slovenes that would include the majority of Slovenes within a socialist Yugoslav federation in the postwar period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Municipality of Ajdovščina</span> Municipality of Slovenia

The Municipality of Ajdovščina is a municipality with a population of a little over 19,000 located in the Vipava Valley, southwestern Slovenia. The municipality was established in 1994. Its seat is in the town of Ajdovščina. As of 2020, its mayor is Tadej Beočanin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Municipality of Hodoš</span> Municipality of Slovenia

The Municipality of Hodoš is a municipality in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the village of Hodoš. It is part of the Prekmurje region. Both Slovene and Hungarian are official languages in the municipality. The municipality was established on 7 August 1998, when it was separated from the former Municipality of Hodoš–Šalovci.

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