Eurocontrol

Last updated
European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Formation1963 [1]
Headquarters Brussels, Belgium
Membership
41 member states
Budget
505.8 million (as of 2014) [2]
Employees
1,945 (as of 2014) [2]
Website eurocontrol.int

The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, commonly known as Eurocontrol (stylised EUROCONTROL), is an international organisation working to achieve safe and seamless air traffic management across Europe. Founded in 1963, Eurocontrol currently has 41 member states with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. It has several local sites as well, including an Innovation Hub in Brétigny-sur-Orge, France, the Aviation Learning Centre (ALC) in Luxembourg, and the Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC) in Maastricht, the Netherlands. The organisation employs approximately two thousand people, and operates with an annual budget in excess of half a billion Euro. [2]

Contents

Although Eurocontrol is not an agency of the European Union, the EU has delegated parts of its Single European Sky regulations to Eurocontrol, making it the central organisation for coordination and planning of air traffic control for all of Europe. [3] The EU itself is a signatory of Eurocontrol and all EU member states are presently also members of Eurocontrol. [4] The organisation works with national authorities, air navigation service providers, civil and military airspace users, airports, and other organisations. Its activities involve all gate-to-gate air navigation service operations: strategic and tactical flow management, controller training, regional control of airspace, safety-proofed technologies and procedures, and collection of air navigation charges.

History

Headquarters of Eurocontrol in Brussels Eurocontrol hoofdkwartier 1.jpg
Headquarters of Eurocontrol in Brussels

The Eurocontrol Convention was signed in 1960 and ratified in 1963. Before the Convention entered into force in 1963, there were already indications that the matter of national sovereignty would complicate the full implementation of the organisation's founding mission. The first European plan for a harmonised air traffic control (ATC) system, proposed in 1962, was beset by the refusal of both France and Britain to comply, largely due to reasons closely linked with their national military airspace control. The other four original members (the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) agreed in 1964 to set up a single international air traffic control centre to manage their upper airspace, settling in the Dutch city of Maastricht. [5]

The European Parliament at the time expressed concern about the lack of clear intergovernmental agreements to ensure common air traffic control services across the continent. In 1979, Eurocontrol signed a working cooperation agreement with the European Commission, attempting to create a synergy of Eurocontrol's technical expertise and EU's regulatory authorities. Several initiatives originating in this period become a lasting element of the organisation, such as the Eurocontrol forecasting service, which became STATFOR, as well as the Aeronautical Information Service. By 1986, the pressure on the European ATC network was so big that a new, wider mandate was already being considered for Eurocontrol, with much of the initiative coming from ECAC’s Ministers of Transport. Subsequently, ECAC urged all of its member states to join Eurocontrol. [5]

A meeting of Eurocontrol members Meeting of EUROCONTROL, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation.jpg
A meeting of Eurocontrol members

A revised Eurocontrol Convention was signed in 1997, renewing the organisation's optimism for greater political support, surpassing the original vision of the 1960 Convention. In June 1998, Eurocontrol, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission (EC) also signed an agreement formalising cooperation in the realm of satellite navigation systems and services. In 1999 the European Commission presented its plan for a Single European Sky (SES) to the European Parliament, followed by two high-Level groups (HLG). The HLG reports on SES led to the establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and reinforced the European Commission's role as the sole European aviation safety regulator, while acknowledging Eurocontrol's technical expertise in the implementation of said regulations. [5]

The early 2000s were marred by several fatal accidents in Europe, such as the 2001 Linate Airport disaster and the 2002 Überlingen mid-air collision, both of which were related to air traffic navigation shortcomings. The pressure was further compounded by the September 11 attacks, increasing the need for a rapid Europe-wide regulatory and coordinating body. By May 2003, Eurocontrol and NATO had signed a memorandum of cooperation, followed by a similar memorandum with the European Commission in December 2003. In February 2004, Eurocontrol started work on first mandates from the European Commission and in April 2004, it adopted the Single European Sky Regulations (Package 1). In March 2006, the European Commission's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) Program was launched by the Stakeholder Consultation Group (SCG) under Eurocontrol's aegis. [5]

Functions and centres

Eurocontrol provides a set of different services:

Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre

Eurocontrol's Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC), ICAO designator EDYY, [6] located at Maastricht Aachen Airport, provides air traffic control for traffic above 24,500 ft over Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and north-west Germany. In 2017 it became the first multinational, cross-border, civil-military, air navigation service provider since it integrated the military air traffic control of the German and Dutch upper airspace.

It is the third busiest upper area area control centre (ACC) in Europe after the London Area Control Centre and Karlsruhe ACC in terms of traffic numbers, but the first in terms of flight hours and distance.

MUAC has put in operation innovative technology and productivity enhancements: a new generation Flight Data Processing System, [7] Integrated Flow Management Position, [8] the Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA), Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) and stripless controller working positions.

Typically, air traffic control sectors at MUAC can handle 55 or more flights per hour. The average flight duration is approximately 21 minutes and typically 80% of the traffic is climbing from or descending to the major European airports of London, Brussels, Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Berlin. Maastricht UAC has undoubtedly one of the most complex airspace structures in the world and the traffic flow (up to 5,670 aircraft a day) can be disrupted by the many surrounding military airspaces.

Membership criteria

Overlap of organisational memberships among Eurocontrol members - Eurocontrol members shown in shades of blue.
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ECAC, Eurocontrol, ECAA, EU
ECAC, Eurocontrol, ECAA
ECAC, Eurocontrol
ECAC, ECAA
ECAC European aviation organisations members.svg
Overlap of organisational memberships among Eurocontrol members – Eurocontrol members shown in shades of blue.
   ECAC, Eurocontrol, ECAA, EU
   ECAC, Eurocontrol, ECAA
   ECAC, Eurocontrol
   ECAC, ECAA
   ECAC

To be considered for membership of Eurocontrol, a country must meet all of the following criteria: [9]

List of members

MemberSinceRelationship with the EU
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 1963EU Member
Flag of France.svg  France 1963EU Member
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1963EU Member
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 1963EU Member
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1963EU Member
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1963Former EU Member
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 1965EU Member
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 1986EU Member
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1988EU Member
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 1989EU Member
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1989EU Candidate
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 1991EU Member
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 1992EU Member
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 1992Has bilateral treaties with EU, including Schengen and enforcement of EU passenger rights.
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 1993EU Member
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 1994EU Member
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 1994EEA Member
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1995EU Member
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1995EU Member
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 1996EU Member
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 1996EU Member
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 1996EU Member
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1997EU Member
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 1997EU Member
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 1997
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1997EU Member
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 1997EU Member
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 1998EU Candidate
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 2000EU Candidate
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 2001EU Member
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union 2002In parallel with member states
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 2002EU Candidate
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 2004EU Candidate
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 2004EU Member
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 2004EU Candidate
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 2005EU Candidate
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 2006EU Member
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 2006
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 2007EU Candidate
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 2011EU Member
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia [10] 2012EU Applicant
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia [11] 2015EU Member

Comprehensive Agreement States

In addition to membership, EUROCONTROL also concludes the so-called Comprehensive Agreements, which enhances the organisation's cooperation with non-European countries that are closely tied to the continent's aviation network. [12]

MemberSinceNotes
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco April 29, 2016
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel June 2, 2016

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. member states by accession date Archived 2017-03-16 at the Wayback Machine Eurocontrol.int.
  2. 1 2 3 Eurocontrol: Annual Report 2014, p. 67.
  3. Eurocontrol, SES mandate on Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA) implementing rule for airspace – Part A - COMPLETED Archived 2017-08-03 at the Wayback Machine , 31 January 2011.
  4. Eurocontrol, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on Eurocontrol Archived 2017-05-31 at the Wayback Machine , Retrieved: 4 May 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 McInally, John (December 2010). "Eurocontrol History Book" (PDF). Eurocontrol. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2016.
  6. "Controller-Pilot Data-Link Communications at Maastricht UAC". Eurocontrol. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  7. "MUAC'S New generation FDPS". www.eurocontrol.int.
  8. Integrated flow management position - Enhancing air traffic flow and capacity management. Eurocontrol, 22 February 2017 [ permanent dead link ]
  9. Peter Tannhäuser, Head of Legal Service, EUROCONTROL: Models for future cooperation [ permanent dead link ], p. 3, Published: 27 November 2013, Retrieved: 4 May 2016
  10. "Georgia became a member of EUROCONTROL". gcaa.ge. Civil Aviation Agency of Georgia. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  11. "Estonia set to join EUROCONTROL". www.eurocontrol.int.
  12. "Comprehensive Agreement States". eurocontrol.int. EUROCONTROL website. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.